A Handbook of Health

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Ep i glot'tis. The valve-like cover that prevents food and drink from
entering the larynx.

Ex cre'tion. A waste substance thrown out, or rejected, from the
system; for example, carbon dioxid, sweat, ur'ine, the fe'ces.

Lar'ynx. The enlargement of the windpipe, near its upper end, across
which are stretched the vocal cords.

Lungs. Two spongy organs in the thorax, entered by the bronchi with
their bronchial tubes; they contain in the walls of their air cells the
capillaries through which the blood passes from the branches of the
pulmonary artery to the branches of the pulmonary veins.

Rec'tum. The lowest and last section of the alimentary canal, being
the discharge pipe of the large intestine, and excreting the solid
wastes in the form of the feces.

Res pi ra'tion. Breathing; the action of the body by which carbon
dioxid is given off from the blood and a corresponding amount of oxygen
is absorbed into the blood.

Skin. The continuous outer covering of the body, in the deeper layer
(der'ma) of which are located the sweat glands, which secrete
sweat (a watery, oily substance containing impurities from the blood)
and excrete it through the sweat ducts and their openings (pores) in
the surface of the skin.

Tra'che a (or tr[=a] ch[=e]' [.a]). The windpipe between the larynx
and the bronchi.

U'ri na ry system. The organs concerned in the secretion and discharge
of urine: the kid'neys (two glands in the abdominal cavity, back of
the peritoneum, which receive wastes from the blood, and excrete them as
urine), the u re'ters (ducts through which the urine flows from the
kidneys to the bladder), the blad'der (an elastic muscle-sac in which
the urine is retained until discharged from the body).

VI. RELATING TO THE NERVOUS AND MOTOR SYSTEMS

Brain. The soft mass of nerve tissue filling the upper cavity of the
skull. Its cellular tissue is gray, and its fibrous tissue white. With
the spinal cord it controls all the sensory and motor activities of the
body.

Cer e bel'lum. The part of the brain lying below the hind part of the
cerebrum.

Cer'e brum. The upper or fore part of the brain; it is divided by a
deep fissure into two hemispheres, its cor'tex (surface) lies in many
con vo lu'tions (folds), and its fibres run down into the spinal cord.
In this part of the brain are the centres, or controlling nerve cells,
of the senses and most of our conscious activities.

Gang'li a (g[)a]ng'l[)i] [.a]). (Plural of _ganglion_). Nerve knots,
or groupings of nerve cells, forming an enlargement in the course of a
nerve.

Me dul'la. A portion of the brain forming an enlargement at the top of
the spinal cord and being continuous with it; the channel between the
brain and the other parts of the nervous system.

Muscle (mus'l). A kind of animal tissue that consists of fibres that
have the power of contracting when properly stimulated. A bundle of
muscle fibres, called a muscle, is usually attached to the part to be
moved by a ten'don, or sinew. Muscles causing bones to bend are termed
flex'ors; those causing them to straighten, ex ten'sors. The
movements of muscles may be voluntary (controlled by the will), or
involuntary (made without conscious exercise of the will).

Nerve. A fibre of nerve tissue, or a bundle of such fibres, connecting
nerve ganglia with each other or with some terminal nerve organ. Nerves
running inward toward the spinal cord and the brain are called sen'so ry
nerves; those from the brain and spinal cord outward, mo'tor
nerves.

Nerv'ous system. The nerve centres with the sensory and motor nerves
and the organs of sense.

Neu'rons. The cells of the spinal cord and the brain.

Re'flex. A simple action of the nervous system, in which a stimulus is
carried along sensory nerves to a nerve centre, and from which an
answering stimulus is sent along motor nerves to call into play the
activity of some organ, without consciousness, or without direct effort
of the will.

Spi'nal cord. The soft nerve tissue that extends from the medulla
almost to the end of the spinal column, being encased by it. It controls
most of the reflex actions of the body.

Stim'u lus. Anything that starts an activity in the tissues on which
it acts; for example, light is a stimulus to the nerve tissues of the
eye.

INDEX

Abdomen, 204.

Accommodation, 264.

Acetanilid, 237 _note_.

Acid,
as an antidote, 325;
butyric, 53;
carbonic, 11;
explained, 11;
in changing starch, 41;
in leavening, 44, 45;
in fruits, 57, 58, 59;
in starch-sugars, 283;
in digestive juices, 11 _note_;
in mouth, 283, 285;
lactic, 43.

"Adam's apple," 272.

Adenoids, 253, 256, 257, 274.

Ague. _See_ Malaria.

Air,
circulation of free, 140, 149;
composition of, 132;
indoor currents of, 148-150;
per person, 142;
pure and impure, 139-146.

Alcohol,
a medicine, 96, 100;
an antiseptic, 318, 319, 324;
a narcotic, 90, 98, 99;
a toxin, 94;
decreasing use of, 101-103;
effect of, on character, 101;
in beverages, 94, 95;
in patent medicines, 237;
not a food, 90, 96;
physical effects of, 97-100, 122-124, 166, 197, 199, 201, 239;
source of, 93, 95.

Aldehydes, 94.

Ale, 94.

Alimentary canal, 8, 9;
digestion in, 9-19.
_See also_ Gullet, Intestine.

Alkali,
as an antidote, 325;
as medicine, 14, 15;
explained, 11;
digestive juices, 11 _note_;
in leavening, 44, 45;
in meat, 283;
in soap, 186.

Alveoli, 135.

Ameba, white corpuscles compared to, 109, 110.

Amherst, experiments with smokers at, 107.

Ammonia from decay, 74, 308.

Animals and plants contrasted, 5-7.

Anopheles, 302.

Antidotes. _See_ Poisoning.

Antipyrin, 237 _note_.

Antiseptics, use of, 317-320.

Antitoxins, 293-296.

Anvil, 267.

Aorta, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 200.

Apex of heart, 117.

Apoplexy, 123.

Appendicitis, 20.

Appendix vermiformis, 20.

Appetite,
from exercise, 208;
juice, 9.

Appetites, explained, 21.

Apples,
fermented, 94;
food value of, 58;
fuel value of, 26.

Aqueduct, 85.

Arrack, 96.

Arteries,
bleeding from, 320-322;
defined, 108, 109;
function of, 17;
position of, 113;
red blood in, 111;
stiffening of, 123;
_also_, 112, 196, 200.

Artery,
pulmonary, 118;
radial, 118.

Articulation,
of bones, 212;
of sounds, 276.

Artois, wells of, 82.

Astigmatism, 263.

Athletics, 175, 176, 242.

Atropin, 265 _note_.

Auricle, 116, 117, 118.

Bacilli,
cultivation of, 293;
explained, 152-154, 286;
method of naming, 286;
multiplication of, 288.
_See also_ Bacteria _and_ Germs.

Backache, 204.

Backbone. _See_ Spinal column.

Bacon, fuel value of, 52, 54, 55.

Bacteria,
explained, 17;
harmless, 152;
in feces, 19;
in food, 22;
in milk, 33-38;
in small intestine, 17;
of disease, 152, 286;
of soil, 74, 76, 78, 79, 83, 86, 308;
of yeast, 43.
_See also_ Bacilli _and_ Germs.

Bakeries, 45, 46.

Baking-powders, 44, 45.

Banana, 58, 59.

Barley, in making beer and ale, 94.

Bathing,
need of, 184;
preventive of colds, 155;
right and wrong, 184-186.

Beans, 32.

Beef-tea, 26, 31.

Beer, 89.
_See also_ Alcohol.

Beets, 26, 59.

Berries, 58, 59.

Beverages, 89-93.
_See also_ Alcohol.

Biceps, 203, 206.

Bile, 11 _note_, 16, 17, 198, 199;
duct, 197, 199.

Biliousness, 23, 197.

"Black bread," 48.

"Black Death," 288.

Bladder, 200.
_See also_ Gall bladder.

Bleeding. _See_ Wounds.

Blood,
alkaline quality of, 11 _note_;
anemic, 173, 192;
arterial, 111;
circulation of, 110-113, 118, 119;
color of, 109, 111, 112, 173, 174;
composition of, 109, 110;
heat, 175;
impure, 198;
poisoning, 295, 315, 319;
purifying of, 196;
result of food, 18.

Blood vessels, 108, 109.
_See also_ Arteries, Capillaries, Veins.

Board of Health,
and infections, 286, 291;
control of water supply, 77, 81, 88;
examination, 105;
milk inspection, 34, 38, 39, 78.

Boils, 295, 320.

Bolus, 9.

Bones,
composition and growth of; 210, 211;
disorders of, 229, 230, 234, 235;
fractures of, 323;
kinds of, 212-214;
number of, 211;
structure of, 215;
tuberculosis of, 157.

Bowel. _See_ Intestine.

Brain, 216-220;
development of, 167.

Brandy, 94, 95.

Bread,
baking, 43, 44;
crust of, 44;
fuel value of, 58;
kinds and values of, 42, 46, 48;
leavening, 42-46;
souring of, 43, 44.

Breakfast foods, 47.

Breathing,
control of, 226;
need of continuous,130;
operation of, 138;
rate of, 142;
variations in, 137, 138.

Bright's Disease, 201.

Bronchi, 135.

Bronchial tubes, 135.

Bruises, 319.

Brushes,
hair, 193-194;
nail, 189;
skin, 188.

Bubonic plague, 288.

Burns, 322, 323.

Butter, 51, 52-54.

Cabbage, 26, 58, 60.

Caffein, 91.

Callus, 194, 195, 234.

Candy, 50, 52.

Capillaries, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 119, 200.

Carbohydrates, 27, 41, 48, 141.
_See also_ Starch-Sugars.

Carbon, 42.

Carbonates, 136.

Carbon dioxid,
in air, 140, 141;
in blood, 174;
in body cells, 112;
in breath, 137;
in lungs, 111, 196;
in spring water, 74, 83;
in yeast, 43.

Carbuncles, 320.

Carrots, 59.

Cartilage, 136, 210, 214.

Casein, 30, 36, 39.

Catarrh, 253, 256, 274.

Cathartic, 19.

Cecum, 20.

Celery, 58, 61.

Cells, 9, 14, 15, 17, 18, 201, 287;
eating done by, 108, 110, 112, 131;
of liver, 111;
of lungs, 135;
of muscles, 202, 203, 209;
of skin, 169, 170;
waste from, 131, 132;
water 111, 70.

Cereals, 42.
_See also_ Breakfast Foods _and_ Oatmeal.

Cerebellum, 270.

Cheese, 39.

Chemical change, 42.

Chickenpox, 290.

Children's diseases, 289-291;
from dirty milk, 37.

China, wearing nails long in, 173.

Chincon, Countess of, 301.

Chloral, 97.

Chloroform, 97, 199.

Chlorophyll, 5.

Choking, cause of, 135.

Cider, 94.

Cigarette habit, 104, 107.

Cinchona. _See_ Quinine.

Circulation,
blood vessels of skin and, 184;
color an index to, 174;
control of, 226;
rate of, 196.

Clothing, 179-183.
_Also_ 190, 247.

Coal-tar remedies, 237 _note_.

Cocci, 153;
of pneumonia, 154, 166.

Cochlea, 267.

Cocoa, 90, 91-93.

Coffee, 26, 89, 90, 91-93.

Colds, 125, 154-156, 199, 201, 291-293.

Colic, 23.

Colon, 8, 18.

Complexion, 114, 115, 176.

Concha, 268.

Cones, 264 _note_.

Constipation, 19, 20, 204.

Consumption, 152, 153, 157-166.
_See also_ Tuberculosis.

Contraction, 203.

Convolutions, 219.

Cooking, 62-68.

Corn, 47, 60.

Cornea, 259, 260, 261.

Corns, 194, 195.

Corpuscles,
malaria germs in red, 301;
red, 109, 111, 132;
renewal of, 215;
white, 109, 110.

Cortex, 219, 223.

Cowpox, 296, 297.

Crystalline lens, 263.

Cucumbers, 26, 58, 61.

Culex pipiens, 302.

Dandruff, 191.

Dentine, 279.

Derma, 168.

Dextrin, 44.

Diaphragm, 8, 13, 276.

Diarrhea, 23, 47, 157.
_See also_ Children's diseases.

Digestion,
by body cells, 17, 18;
by liver, 198;
food route in, 8;
in intestines, 16-20;
in mouth, 10-12;
in stomach, 13-15;
juices aiding, 9-12, 14-17;
preparatory, 9.

Digestive system, 7-9.

Diphtheria, 293-295;
germs of, 286, 310.

Disease,
causes of, 286-288;
effects of, 238;
germs of, 17 _note_, 152-154, 286, 301;
growth and spread of, 288-290;
hip-joint, 157.

Diseases, children's, 289-291;
nervous, 239, 240;
occupation, 153, 195.

Disinfectants, 193, 287, 303-307, 318.

Disinfection, 303;
methods of, 304-307;
of wounds, 316-319.

Dispensaries, tuberculosis, 160.

Drafts, 143, 144.

Drainage,
extent of wells, 77;
of sewage, 75-79;
of swamps, 302, 303.

Drink, 69-103.
_See also_ Alcohol, Beverages, Water, etc.

Drowning, treatment for partial, 327-330.

Duct of a gland, development of, 10 _note_.

Dust, 22, 153, 154, 312, 313.

Dysentery, 199.
_See also_ Diarrhea.

Dyspepsia, 47, 199, 204, 264.

Ear,
care of, 268, 269;
development of, 167, 252, 253;
structure of, 266-270.

Eczema, 59, 191.

Effervescence, 11, 43, 44.

Egg, digestion of, 14, 17.

Enamel, 279.

Energy in food and fuel, 4, 5.

England, smallpox in, 296, 297.

Epidermis, 168.

Epiglottis, 135.

Epithelial cells, 168, 169.

Eruptions, 193.

Esophagus, 7.
_See also_ Gullet.

Ether, 97.

Ethers, 94.

Eustachian tube, 257.

Exercise, 241-251;
appetite and, 208;
heart and, 120-122, 126, 127, 128;
muscles and, 204, 205, 208, 209.
_Also_ 154, 162, 163, 176, 238.

Extensors, 206.

Eyes,
care of, 266;
development of, 167, 252, 253;
structure of, 259-265.

Eye-strain, 236.

Fat, 51-55;
fuel value of, 27, 51, 52;
in digestion, 16, 17, 51;
in liver, 198, 199;
in milk, 30, 39.

Fatigue, 241-243.

Feces, 9, 18, 19, 192.

Femur, 214.

Fermentation, 94.

Fever, 175-177;
effect of, on heart, 125;
in consumption, 124.

Fibula, 213.

Filters,
domestic, 88;
nature's, 74, 75, 83, 85, 86;
of waterworks, 85, 86.

Fish,
fuel value of, 29;
wastes from, 201.

Fission of a bacillus, 288.

Flexors, 206.

Flies, 309-312.

Food,
absorption of, 17-19;
appetizing, 9-10;
as fuel, 4-7, 21, 25, 26;
changed into blood, 18;
cleanliness of, 22;
"coal," 25, 26, 27-55;
digestion of, 9-18;
in blood, 110-113;
irritating, 55, 59, 60;
"kindling," 25, 26, 56-61;
"paper," 25, 26, 31, 56-61;
preservation of, 22, 23;
sunlight in, 5-7;
variety in, 23-25;
water in, 73.

Food tube. _See_ Alimentary canal.

Foot, 230-232.

Formaldehyde, 305-307.

Formalin, 305-307.

Fractures, 323, 324.

Freckles, 190.

Fruits,
composition of, 24, 57, 58;
fuel value of, 26, 58;
in diet, 23-25;
tainted, 22.

Furs, as clothing, 182.

Gall bladder, 199.

Gall stones, 199.

Games, 242-251.

Ganglia, 217, 221, 223.

Gardening, 61, 247, 248.

Gas, illuminating, 143;
sewer, 143.
_See also_ Carbon dioxid, Carbonic acid.

Gastric juice, 198.

Gelatin,
in veal, 29;
for bacteria culture, 293, 309.

German proverb, 269.

Germany,
smallpox in, 197;
typhoid in, 80 _note_.

Germicides. _See_ Disinfectants.

Germs, 17 _note_, 301.
_See also_ Bacilli, Bacteria, Cocci, Disinfection, Disease.

Glands,
development of, 10, 11 _note_;
hair, 171, 172;
lachrymal, 261;
lymph, 17;
of ear, 269;
of intestine, 17-19;
of stomach, 15,16;
of throat, 256;
oil, 171;
parotid, 10;
salivary, 10, 11;
sublingual, 10 _note_;
submaxillary, 10 _note_;
sweat, 170, 171.

Glucose, 41.

Gluten, 28, 42, 48, 63.

Glycogen, 198.

"Goose-skin," 171.

Gout, 32.

Gray matter, 219, 221.

Gristle. _See_ Cartilage.

Gullet, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 134, 135.

Habit, regularity of physical, 19.

Hair, 70, 171, 172 _and note_;
care of, 172, 193, 194;
diseases of, and scalp, 191, 193.

Ham, 54, 55.

Hammer, 267.

"Ham-string" muscle, 208.

Hang nail, 189.

Headache, 235-237, 264.

Heart,
alcohol and, 99, 123, 124;
beat, 9, 13, 117, 118, 119, 126-129;
blood vessels connecting with, 111, 112;
care of, 122;
disease of, 123-128;
exercise and, 120-122, 241, 243;
function of, 108;
nerves and, 126-128;
repairing power of, 122, 123;
structure and action of, 115-117, 118, 119;
tea and coffee and, 128.

Heart-burn, 13.

Heat of body,
normal, 175;
radiation of, 175-177.

Heating, 149, 151.

Hemispheres, 216.

Hives, 59.

Hookworm, 191-193.

Humerus, 213.

Humus, risks to water from, 73, 74.

Hydrophobia, 287, 318.

Hygiene, 1-3.

Hyperopia, 262, 264.

Influenza. 239.
_See also_ Colds.

Insanity, 239, 240.

Insect pests, 309-312.

Instincts, 3, 21.

Intestine,
absorption in, 14, 16-19;
digestion in, 9, 15-18, 20;
effect of fibrous foods on, 47, 60;
hookworm in, 192;
muscles supporting, 204.

Iris, 265.

Jaundice, 199.

Jenner, Dr., 296-298.

"Joint oil." _See_ Synovial fluid.

Joints, 213, 214;
injury to, 323, 324.

Kidneys, 196, 197, 199-201.
_See also_ Wastes.

Kipling quoted, 231.

Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, 286, 293.

Knee cap. _See_ Patella.

Lactose, 30.

Lard, 52, 54.

Larynx, 272-276.

Laveran, 301.

Leavening, 43-45.

Legumin, 32.

Leprosy, 178.

Lettuce, 26, 61.

Lime,
carbon dioxid and, 137;
in body, 70, 210, 211;
in water, 88.

"Lime-juicers," 57 _note_.

Liver, 197-199;
development of, 11 _note_;
function of, 110, 111;
juice of, 16, 17;
position of, 13;
vein entering, 110;
weight of, 16.
_See also_ Wastes.

Lungs, 133-136;
capillaries in, 111;
function of, 111;
diseases of, 153, 157-166.
_See also_ Wastes.

Lymphatics, 17.

Malaria, 199, 300-303.

Maltose, 94.

Marrow, 215;
"spinal," 223 _note_.

Mastication, 11, 12.

Mastoid, 269.

Measles, 193, 239, 290, 291.

Meat,
digestion of, 14, 17;
fuel value of, 27-29, 58;
tainted, 22, 32, 335.
wastes from, 201.

Medulla, 223, 226.

Meningitis,
cerebro-spinal, 295;
tubercular, 157.

Mesentery, 16.

Microbes. _See_ Bacteria.

Milk,
bacteria in, 22, 33-39, 308, 309;
digestion of, 14, 17;
fuel value of, 28-31;
inspection of, 34, 38, 39, 78;
stations, 30, 92.

Mosquitoes, 302, 303.

Mouth, 7, 8, 9;
in speaking and singing, 274-276;
infection from, 285;
breathing, 253, 256, 257, 283.

Mucous membrane, 14, 110, 118, 255, 256, 275.

Mucus, 255.

Mumps, 290.

Muscles, 202-209;
and nerves, 220-227;
controlling hair, 171;
disorders of, 229, 230, 233, 234;
exercise of, 241-248;
in breathing, 138.
_See also_ 7, 12, 13, 15, 214, 261, 262.

Myopia, 262.

Myosin, 28.

Nails, 172-174.
_See also_ 70, 188, 189.

Narcotics, 90, 97, 237, 238.

Nerves,
and heart, 126-128;
and muscles, 203, 220-227;
auditory, 266;
optic, 260;
sciatic, 222, 223, 224;
sensory and motor, 220;
spinal, 220, 221.

Nervous system, 216-227;
alcohol and, 97-103, 239;
development of, 167;
disorders of, 235-240;
effects of disease on, 238;
eyes and, 264;
fatigue and, 241-243;
tobacco and, 105, 106.

Nettle-rash. _See_ Hives.

Neurons, 223.

Nicotine, 105.

Nitrogen,
as food, 27, 46, 47, 132, 201, 133 _note_;
in air, 132;
in soil, 308.

Nose, 167, 252-255, 274-276.

Nuts, 32, 55.

Oatmeal, 42, 47, 48.

Ohio River, pollution of, 87 _note_.

Oil, in killing larvae, 302, 303, 311.

Oleomargarine, 53, 54.

Onions, 58, 60.

Opium, 97, 238.
_See also_ Narcotics.

Orbit, 260.

Oxidation, 131-133.

Oxygen,
gas jets and, 143;
in blood, 109, 110-113, 132;
in water, 86.

Ozone. _See_ Oxygen.

Palate, 8.

Panama, malaria in, 303.

Pancreas, 11 _note_, 16.

Pancreatic juice, 11 _note_, 12, 16, 17.

Papillae, 258.

Paralysis, 178, 239;
infantile, 300.

Parasites, animal, in the skin, 191-193.

Parsnips, 59.

Patella, 207.

Patent medicines, 237, 238.

Peaches, 58.

Peanuts, 55.

Pears, 58.

Peas, 32.

Pelvis, 214.

Pemmican, 52.

Pepsin, 14, 16.

Peptic juice, 11 _note_, 14, 15.

Periosteum, 215, 234.

Peritoneum, 20.

Peroxide of hydrogen, 318.

Perspiration. _See_ Sweat.

Pharynx, 8, 254, 256.

Phenacetin, 237 _note_.

Philippine Islands, smallpox in, 297.

Physiology, 1-3.

Pigment, 191.

Pneumonia, 165, 166;
coccus of, 154;
effects of, on heart, 125.

Poisoning, treatments for, 324-327.

Poison ivy, 325, 326.

Portal vein, 110, 198.

Post mortem, 101.

Potatoes, 26, 27, 40, 41, 42, 48, 56, 57.

Privy vault, dangers from, 78, 79, 81, 192.

Proteins, 27, 28;
changed by liver, 198;
in food, 28, 30, 31, 32, 47;
wastes from, 199.

Protozoa, 287, 288.

Ptomaines, 22.

Ptyalin, 11.

Pulse, 112, 117, 118.

Pupil, 265.

Pylorus, 8.

Quarantine, 291, 298.

Quinine, 301.

Radius, 213.

Reading, position in, 228.

Recti, 261.

Rectum, 9, 18.

Reflex, 221, 222.

Reservoirs, 84-86;
_also_, 79, 80, 85 _note_.

Respiration, artificial, 329, 330.

Retina, 260, 262, 263, 264.

Rheumatism, 123, 125, 292, 295.

Ribs, 138.

Rice,
fermented, 96;
fuel value of, 48.

Ringworm, 191.

Rods, 264 _note_.

Russia, smallpox in, 297.

Rye, 48.

Sake, 96.

Saliva, 9-11, 12, 16.

Salts, 6;
from deep soil, 75;
in vegetables, 57, 59, 60;
in water, 77, 83, 88;
laxative, 6 _note_, 19.

Scabies, 191.

Scapula, 213.

Scarlet fever, 193, 201, 239, 290, 291.

School,
gardens, 247, 248;
luncheons, 68;
physician, 121, 122;
recesses, 146.

Sclerotic coat, 261.

Scrofula, 157.

Scurvy, 57.

Seaver, Dr., experiments with smokers, 106.

Selection, power of, 197.

Semi-circular canals, 269, 270.

Sense,
of hearing, 266;
of pain, 177, 224;
of sight, 260;
of smell, 256;
of taste, 257-259;
of temperature, 177;
of touch, 177, 178 _and note_;
sixth--of direction or balance, 269, 270.

Senses and ideas, 225, 226.

Septum, 254.

Shoes, 195, 231, 232.

Skeleton, 211, 212.

Skin, 167-178;
accidents to, 315-320, 322;
brushes, 188;
diseases of, 157, 178, 187, 189, 190, 191, 193.
_See also_ Wastes.

Skull, 212.

Sleep, 232, 233.

Smallpox, 287, 295-299.

Smoking. _See_ Tobacco.

Snake-bite, 327.

Soaps, 11, 186, 187, 190.

Socket. _See_ Orbit.

Soda water, 11, 57.

Soup, 26, 31.

Spinal column, 212, 213;
curvatures of, 229;
tuberculosis of, 157.

Spinal cord, 212, 220-223, 300.

Spitting, 159, 160.

Sprains, 323, 324.

Sputum, infection from, 158, 159, 166.

Starch,
as fuel, 24, 27, 41;
compared with sugar, 49;
digestion of, 11, 12, 16, 17, 41, 42;
in foods, 24, 31, 40, 41, 42-44, 48, 57, 59, 60;
teeth and, 283.

Starch-Sugars, 27, 31, 42.

State control of health, 122.

Sterilizing, 304.

Stirrup, 267.

Stomach, 7, 13-15;
and nervous system, 227.
_See also_ 4-6, 8, 10 _note_, 12, 204.

Stradivarius, 274.

Strawberries, 26, 58, 59.

Study, how to, 248, 249.

Sugar,
digested starch, 11, 12, 16, 17, 41, 42;
fuel value of, 27, 49, 50, 52, 208;
in digestion, 198;
in foods, 30, 36, 48, 49, 57-60;
teeth and, 283.

Sulphur,
as a disinfectant, 306;
in cabbage, 60;
in water, 77.

Sulphuric acid, 11.

Sunburn, 190.

Sweat, 11 _note_, 132, 133, 170, 181-184, 208.

Synovial fluid, 214.

Tannin, 91, 93.

Tattooing, 169.

Tea, 26, 89, 90-93.

Teeth, 7, 277-282;
care of, 282-285;
infection from, 141, 285.

Temperance, 101-103.
_See also_ Alcohol.

Tendons, 117, 203, 207, 208.

Tetanus, 288, 295.

Thein, 91.

Theobromin, 91.

Thigh, 207, 208.

Thirst, 71.

Tibia, 213.

Tissues, 18.
_See also_ Cells.

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