H. Rider Haggard - "A Tale of Three Lions"

Frederick W. Hamilton - "Punctuation"

Various - "Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883"

Feodor Sologub - "The Created Legend"

Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

The Mother and Her Child

W >> William S. Sadler >> The Mother and Her Child




2. _The Salt Glow._ Fill the bathtub half full of warm water,
temperature 100 F. Slightly moisten one quart of coarse salt. Stand
the patient in the water, placing one foot on the side of the tub
while you rub the entire leg with the salt until it is very pink. The
other leg is treated in the same manner, as also are the arms,
abdomen, chest, and last, the back. By this time he will be all aglow
from head to foot. Rinse off the salt, and give him a cold dash with
the hands or a spray.


THE NEUTRAL BATH

Fill the tub with water at just 97 F., and remain in the bath for
twenty minutes or more, with the eyes covered, all the while
maintaining the temperature at 97 F. Dry gently with a sheet to avoid
exertion and exposure. Go at once to bed.


FOMENTATIONS

Hot fomentations often relieve suffering and are indicated in such
conditions as menstrual pain, abdominal cramps, colic, backaches, etc.
A good substitute for fomentations may be given as follows: Fill a hot
bag half-full of boiling water. Over this place a wet flannel and two
layers of dry flannel. Apply for fifteen or twenty minutes over the
skin area to be treated, finishing up with a cold water or alcohol
rub.

A very effectual way of applying moist heat to any portion of the body
is by the means of hot fomentations which are given as follows:

One-fourth of a single woolen blanket (part cotton) is folded and
grasped at the ends and twisted like an old-fashioned doughnut. The
twist is then immersed in boiling water, the hands still grasping the
dry ends, and then by simply pulling out the twist (widely separating
the hands) the fomentation wrings itself. This is placed steaming hot
over the affected area which has been first covered by a dry flannel.
It is allowed to remain on for three or four minutes, and then another
hot one wrung from the boiling water replaces the cool one. About four
or five such applications are made. The skin should be very red at the
close of this treatment. It is finished up with a quick, cold
application to the reddened skin area.


THE SOAP SHAMPOO

The undressed child is placed upon a low stool in the half-filled
bathtub at 100 F. with the feet in the warm water. A good lather is
applied all over the body with good friction by the means of a shampoo
brush and soap. He is then allowed to sit down in the tub and splash
about all he pleases, rinse the soap off and allow him to have a good
time generally. At the close of the treatment the water is cooled down
and the treatment is finished with a brisk rub with the hands dipped
in cold water. The skin of the child should be pink at the close of
the treatment.


MOIST ABDOMINAL BANDAGE

The moist abdominal bandage is indicated in such conditions as kidney
inflammation which is so often seen in the second week of scarlet
fever; or in congestion of any of the internal organs such as the
liver, the stomach, intestines, etc., and is applied as follows:
Spread out the flannel bandage and over it place the mackintosh. Wring
dry the cotton strip from cold water, and spread it over the
mackintosh. Wrap all three layers, the wet cloth next the skin,
closely about the body, so as to prevent the air from getting under
it. Be sure that the feet are warm while adjusting the bandage. In the
morning remove the bandage, and rub the skin briskly with a turkish
towel dipped in cold water, until the skin is pink and dry. The cotton
strip should be boiled every other day to avoid skin eruptions.


HEATING COMPRESS

The heating compress is indicated in the following cases: Sprained
ankles, rheumatic joints, arthritis, sore throat, etc. Directions:
Wring two thicknesses of cheesecloth from cold water, place over the
painful part, and quickly cover with a mackintosh and two thicknesses
of woolen blanket bandage. On removing in the morning, sponge with
cold water or alcohol.


MUSTARD PASTE

In the bronchitis of small children, particularly babies, mustard
pastes are to be preferred to the hot fomentations which are used to
such great advantage in children above ten. The mustard paste is
administered as follows: One part of mustard and six parts of flour of
the same measurements are quickly stirred up with warm water to a
paste thin enough to spread well upon a piece of thin muslin, which is
large enough to cover twice the part to be treated. One-half of this
muslin is thus covered with the mustard and the dry piece of cloth
brought over. The edges are then folded in such a way that the mustard
will not run out. This is applied to the affected part and allowed to
remain for seven minutes on an infant, nine minutes on a child, and
ten or twelve minutes on an adult. It is then removed and the moisture
which is always seen on the reddened skin surface is _not_ wiped off
but talcum powder is sprinkled on thickly to absorb it. If this is
done, a mustard paste may be repeated every two hours if necessary and
no blistering or other harm will come to the skin.


THE OIL-SILK JACKET

The oil-silk jacket is used in bronchitis of babies and children. It
consists of three layers, the innermost layer of cheesecloth, the
middle layer of thin sheet wadding, and the outer layer of oil-silk.
This jacket should comfortably cover the chest, front, and back; it
has no sleeves, and is opened on the shoulder and under the arm. It
should always follow the mustard paste in bronchitis. There should
always be two such cheesecloth and cotton jackets with the oil-silk
covering so they may be changed every twelve hours, thus allowing for
airing.


STEAM INHALATIONS

1. Steam inhalations are indicated in hoarseness and bronchitis. They
may be given in a number of ways. Perhaps that most convenient for the
young infant is the "bronchitis tent." A sheet completely covers the
crib, and, with the bed amply protected with rubber sheeting or an
extra blanket, steam is allowed to enter under the sheet at the foot
of the bed from a funnel put into the nose of the teakettle. The steam
should continue for seven or eight minutes.

2. A large, heavy-paper funnel is put in the nose of the teakettle
which is boiling on the gas range. The mother holds the child in her
arms while she is enveloped with a sheet which also includes the
funnel. A helper carefully guards the flame. The mother and baby may
thus conveniently get the steam with very little difficulty.

3. For the older child or adult, steam inhalations are to be had from
the ordinary croup kettle or from a twelve- or fourteen-inch tin can
which is filled two-thirds full of boiling water. Over the top is
loosely spread a cheesecloth upon which a few drops of compound
tincture of benzoin or eucalyptus are sprinkled. The opened mouth is
brought near the top of this can and a towel is thrown over the head,
can and all; the patient thus being able satisfactorily to inhale the
medicated steam.


LOTIONS FOR SORE MOUTH

Boric-Acid-and-Myrrh Lotion.

Boric acid 20 grains
Tincture of myrrh 1/2 fluidrachm
Glycerine 1 fluidrachm
Water, enough to make 1 fluid ounce

Apply frequently to the inside of the mouth for inflammation or
thrush.


FOR NOSEBLEED

Tannic acid 2 drachms
Glycerine 1 fluidrachm
Water 2 fluid ounces

To be injected or snuffed into the nose in obstinate cases of
nosebleed.


THROAT GARGLES

Dobell's solution is an excellent throat gargle. A solution of half
alcohol and half water is also a splendid gargle.


MOUTH WASH

Listerine 2 teaspoons
Soda bicarbonate 10 grains
Water 4 ounces

Essence of cinnamon, six drops in one-half glass cold water, may also
be used in brushing the teeth and in cleansing the tongue and mouth.


DISINFECTANTS

1. Carbolic Acid.
Carbolic acid (95%) 6 ounces
Glycerine 4 ounces
Water 1 gallon

Clothes should be soaked in this for several hours, then removed in a
covered receptacle and boiled thoroughly. Sheets may be wet with this
and hung at the doors in case of infectious diseases.

2. Chloride of Lime.
Chloride of Lime 4 ounces
Water (rain) 1 gallon

In typhoid fever, all the movements from the bowels should be
thoroughly mixed with this, covered and allowed to stand several hours
before pouring down the water closet. All vomited matter should be
treated the same way.


POULTICES

There are a number of mush poultices recommended for different
conditions--boils, felons, etc., but we find the aseptic heating
compress to be as effectual as any of these dirty, mush poultices and
we suggest that our readers try the boracic-acid poultice which is put
on as follows: Over any infected area or abrasion of the skin a thick
padding of cotton moistened by a saturated boracic-acid solution is
placed. This is entirely covered with wax paper or oiled-silk, and
held in place by a binder. It is sanitary and much to be preferred to
any of the mush poultices of bygone days.


COUGH SYRUP

A very useful cough syrup may be made as follows: Two tablespoons of
flaxseed are steeped on the stove until clear, the jelly strained and
flavored quite sour with lemon juice to which is added rock candy for
sweetening. This will often effectively relieve the irritating coughs
of childhood.


LOTIONS FOR CHAPPED HANDS

No. 1. Glycerine 3 ounces
Tr. Benzoin 1/2 ounce
Water 1 ounce

No. 2. Glycerine 2 ounces
Lemon juice 1/2 ounce
Tr. Myrrh 1/2 ounce

No. 3. Glycerine 2 ounces
Rose Water 2 ounces
Acetic Acid 2 ounces


ECZEMA

We wish to submit two very useful prescriptions for that troublesome
skin disease which is so annoying in childhood as well as in adult
life. Prescription No. 1 is a clear fluid, and after the affected area
is thoroughly cleansed with resinol soap and rinsed in soft water, the
lotion is applied and allowed to dry. No. 2 is then patted on with
sterile cotton and often repeated to keep the eczematous skin area
moist. This has proved curative in many persistent cases.

Lotion No. 1.

Acid Carbolic 1 drachm
Listerine 1 drachm
Rose Water 3 ounces
Alcohol q. s. 6 ounces

Apply No. 1 and allow to dry of itself.


Lotion No. 2.

Ichthyol 4 drachms
Lime Water 1 ounce
Oil sweet almonds 1 ounce
Glycerine 11/2 ounces
Rose Water 11/2 ounces

Apply No. 2 and repeat to keep moist.


CONSTIPATION

We submit the following home regime, which has proved successful to
many sufferers for the treatment of constipation.

1. On rising in the morning, remove the moist abdominal bandage
(mentioned above); drink two-thirds of a glass of cold water; and
spend fifteen to twenty minutes in the following exercises, before
dressing: Abdominal lifting with deep breathing, auto-massage, leg
raising, trunk twisting, trunk bending--forward and to sides; lying
down for the trunk raising, and sitting for the trunk circumduction.
Immediately following these exercises, go to stool. Have feet raised
from the floor eight or ten inches, in order to simulate the squatting
position.

2. Breakfast should include bran or bran bread, and two or three of
the following foods: Apples with skins, grapefruit, cranberries with
skins (but little sugar), and figs. Immediately after breakfast walk
fifteen minutes in the open air, practicing deep abdominal breathing.
If the results at stool before breakfast were not satisfactory,
vaseline rectum and go to stool again.

3. Lunch should consist of fruit only, while dinner should include
bran bread and two of the following foods: Spinach, celery, carrots,
parsnips, squash, or cabbage.

4. Before retiring, walk in the open air for fifteen minutes; after
undressing, exercise same as morning; and on retiring, apply the moist
abdominal bandage.


TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES

_Poison._ _Antidotes._

Unknown { Emetic, followed by Jeaunel's antidote
{ and soothing drinks.

Acid--acetic, hydrochloric, { An alkali, such as magnesia, chalk,
sulphuric, nitric { whiting, soda, soap; followed by
{ soothing drinks or sweet oil.

Acid--carbolic, creosote { Epsom salts in abundance; soap; no
{ oil. Dilute alcohol.

Acid--oxalic, including { Emetic, followed by lime (as chalk,
"salts of lemon" { plaster, whiting) or magnesia, but
{ not by potash or soda; then soothing
{ drinks.

Acid--prussic { Fresh air; ammonia to nostrils; cold
{ douche; artificial respiration.

Aconite { Emetic, followed by digitalis; no pillow
{ under head; free stimulation.

Alcohol (brandy, etc.) { Emetic; cold douche on head; warmth
{ and artificial respiration.

Alkalies--ammonia, spirits { Vinegar or lemon juice, followed by
of hartshorn, lye, caustic { soothing drinks or sweet oil.
potash {

Antimony (tartar emetic). { Emetic if vomiting is not already
{ profuse; then tannic acid freely, or
{ strong tea; later, milk or other
{ soothing drinks; finally, castor oil
{ to empty the bowels.

{ Emetic, quickly followed by plenty of
{ a fresh mixture of the tincture of
{ chloride of iron with calcined magnesia,
Arsenic (Fowler's { washing or baking soda, or
solution, Paris { water of ammonia, or by Jeaunel's
green, "Rough { antidote. Then white of egg, soothing
on Rats") { drinks, or sweet oil; castor oil
{ to empty bowels.

Atropine (see Belladonna).

{ Emetic; tannic acid freely; cold to
Belladonna (atropine) { head; coffee. Stimulants and
{ warmth if needed.

Blue stone; blue vitriol (see
Copper).

{ Emetic (but often useless); external
Chloral { heat; stimulants; strong coffee;
{ strychnine; atropine; artificial
respiration.

Chloroform, inhaled { Cold douche; friction of skin; inverting
{ child; artificial respiration.

Copper (blue stone; blue { Emetic, followed by white of egg or
vitriol; verdigris) { milk, yellow prussiate of potash;
{ then soothing drinks.

{ Emetic, followed by white of egg or
Corrosive sublimate { milk; soothing drinks; tannic acid
(bichlorid of mercury) { freely; castor oil to open bowels.

Cyanide of potash (see
Acid, prussic).

Fowler's solution (see
Arsenic).

{ Inhalation of oxygen; artificial
Gas (illuminating gas, coal { respiration; ammonia to nostrils;
gas) { cold douche.

Iodine {Starch or flour mixed with water given
{ freely; emetic; soothing drinks.

Laudanum (see Opium).

Lead (sugar of lead) {Emetic, followed by Epsom salts;
{ white of egg or milk; alum.

Matches (see Phosphorus).

Morphine (see Opium).

Nux vomica (see Strychnine).

{Emetic (but generally useless);
Opium (including laudanum, { permanganate of potash in doses of 4
morphine, paregoric, { or 5 grains if case is seen early;
soothing syrups, { strong coffee; atropine; keep child
etc.) { awake and breathing by cold douche to
{ head and spine, walking, etc., but
{ not to extent of exhaustion;
{ artificial respiration.

Paregoric (see Opium).

Paris green (see Arsenic).

Phosphorus (match-heads, {Emetic; then permanganate of potash
some roach and rat poisons) { in doses of 4 or 5 grains well
{ diluted, and frequently repeated;
{ then Epsom salts or magnesia to
{ open bowels, but no milk or oil of
{ any kind.

Poisonous plants (Jimson {Emetic, followed by tannic acid;
weed, poisonous mushrooms, { strong coffee or brandy; ammonia
deadly nightshade, { to nostrils; external warmth;
tobacco, etc.) { artificial respiration.

Prussic acid (see Acid, prussic).

Silver nitrate (lunar caustic) {Table-salt, followed by emetic; milk
{ or white of eggs.

Spoiled food {Emetic, followed by castor oil as
{ purgative.

Strychnine (nux vomica, {Emetic, followed by tannic acid,
some rat poisons) { bromide of potash freely, or chloral.

Tartar emetic (see Antimony)


TABLE SHOWING THE AVERAGE WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF HEAD
AND CHEST OF BOYS[D]

At birth.
Weight 71/2 pounds
Height 201/2 inches
Chest 131/2 inches
Head 14 inches

One year.
Weight 21 pounds
Height 29 inches
Chest 18 inches
Head 18 inches

Two years.
Weight 27 pounds
Height 32 inches
Chest 19 inches
Head 19 inches

Three years.
Weight 32 pounds
Height 35 inches
Chest 20 inches
Head 191/4 inches

Four years.
Weight 36 pounds
Height 38 inches
Chest 203/4 inches
Head 193/4 inches

Five years.
Weight 41 pounds
Height 411/2 inches
Chest 211/2 inches
Head 201/2 inches

Six years.
Weight 45 pounds
Height 44 inches
Chest 23 inches

Seven years.
Weight 491/2 pounds
Height 46 inches
Chest 231/2 inches

Eight years.
Weight 541/2 pounds
Height 48 inches
Chest 241/2 inches

Nine years.
Weight 60 pounds
Height 50 inches
Chest 25 inches

Ten years.
Weight 661/2 pounds
Height 52 inches
Chest 26 inches

[D] Weights for the first four years are without clothes, after that
with ordinary house clothes.

The weight of girls is on the average about one pound less than boys.
They are about the same in height.


ICHTHYOL SUPPOSITORIES

Ichthyol 5 per cent
Cocoa Butter q. s. ad. to make 24 suppositories.

Sig. Use one suppository in the rectum each evening for hemorrhoids.


OIL ENEMA

The best way to administer an oil enema is by means of a special enema
can which holds one pint, to which is attached a rubber tube. It is
wise not to use an ordinary fountain syringe as the oil spoils the
rubber very quickly. This oil is allowed to flow in slowly, under low
pressure, and should be retained over night. Any oil is acceptable,
the cheaper sweet oils will serve just as well as olive oil.

TABLE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Disease.
|Incubation lasts--
| |Date of characteristic symptom from beginning of invasion.
| | |Characteristic symptom.
| | | |Other principal symptoms.
| | | | |Whole duration of disease from onset.
| | | | | |Quarantine lasts from onset.
| | | | | |
Typhoid fever.
|7 to 10 days.
| |7th or 8th day.
| | |Rose-red, slightly elevated spots.
| | | |Apathy; diarrhoea; nosebleed; headache.
| | | | |2 to 4 weeks.
| | | | | |While disease lasts.
Scarlet fever.
|1 to 7 days.
| |1st or 2d day.
| | |Intense, bright-red blush over body.
| | | |Sore throat; often vomiting with onset.
| | | | |7 to 9 days or more (not including
| | | | | desquamation).
| | | | | |6 weeks.
Measles.
|10 to 11 days.
| |4th day.
| | |Dusky or purplish-red, slightly elevated spots,
| | | scattered and in characteristic groupings.
| | | |Cold in head; running eyes; cough; hoarseness.
| | | | |7 to 8 days.
| | | | | |3 weeks.
German measles.
|7 to 21 days.
| |1st day.
| | |Pale, rose-red spots or uniform blush; no
| | | characteristic groupings.
| | | |Slight sore throat; sometimes slight running
| | | | of eyes and nose.
| | | | |3 to 4 days.
| | | | | |3 weeks.
Chicken-pox.
|13 to 17 days.
| |1st day.
| | |Pea-sized, scattered vesicles.
| | | |None; or slight fever.
| | | | |A week or less.
| | | | | |3 to 4 weeks.
Varioloid (Variola).
|7 to 12 days.
| |3d day (may be 1st or 2d).
| | |Red, elevated papules; then vesicles; then often
| | | pustules.
| | | |Headache; backache; vomiting.
| | | | |About 14 days.
| | | | | |4 to 8 weeks.
Vaccinia (Vaccination).
|1 to 3 days.
| |1st day (3d after vaccination).
| | |A red papule, becoming a vesicle and then a pustule;
| | | surrounded by a broad red area.
| | | |Often feverishness and malaise.
| | | | |About 3 weeks.
| | | | | |None.
Erysipelas.
|3 to 7 days.
| |1st or 2d day.
| | |Bright-red blush; puffy skin; often vesicles.
| | | |Fever; pain.
| | | | |4 to 6 days, or several weeks if it
| | | | | spreads.
| | | | | |Averages 2 weeks.
Diphtheria.
|2 to 12 days.
| |1st or 2d day.
| | |White membrane on tonsils and other parts of throat.
| | | |Debility; fever.
| | | | |10 to 14 days.
| | | | | |3 to 4 weeks.
Whooping-cough.
|2 to 7 days.
| |7th to 14th day.
| | |A prolonged paroxysm of coughing followed by a
| | | crowing inspiration (whoop).
| | | |Vomiting; spitting of blood.
| | | | |6 to 8 weeks.
| | | | | |6 to 8 weeks (while whoop lasts).
Mumps.
|7 to 21 days.
| |1st day.
| | |Swelling in front, below, and behind the ear and
| | | below the jaw.
| | | |Pain when chewing.
| | | | |A week or less.
| | | | | |3 to 4 weeks.
Influenza.
|Uncertain. Probably 1 to 7 days.
| |1st day.
| | |Fever, prostration.
| | | |Various respiratory, digestive, or nervous
| | | | symptoms, commonest being general aching and
| | | | cough.
| | | | |3 or 4 days to two weeks or more.
| | | | | |While disease lasts.


HOT COLONIC FLUSHING

The hot colonic flushing is particularly serviceable in combating the
sick headaches of migraine. They should be taken at night just before
retiring with the temperature of water as hot as can be borne, from
108 to 110 F. Half of the water is allowed to flow into the colon and
is retained as long as possible. This brings the heat in close contact
with the sympathetic nervous system whose headquarters is in the
abdomen.

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