The Mother and Her Child
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William S. Sadler >> The Mother and Her Child
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35 Transcriber's notes:
Seven typographical errors have been corrected:
Page 8, "15" changed to "18" (See Fig. 18)
Page 208, "5" changed to "7" (See Fig. 7)
Page 281, "does" changed to "dose" (Give a big dose of castor oil)
Page 306, "he" changed to "be" (which should be covered with a single
thickness)
Page 348, "iself" changed to "itself" (than by the bite itself)
Page 362, "dioxid" changed to "dioxide" (harmless substances as water
and carbon dioxide)
Page 435, "ecezmatous" changed to "eczematous" (to keep the eczematous
skin area moist)
[Illustration]
THE MOTHER
AND HER CHILD
BY
WILLIAM S. SADLER, M. D.
PROFESSOR OF THERAPEUTICS, THE POST-GRADUATE MEDICAL
SCHOOL OF CHICAGO; DIRECTOR OF THE CHICAGO INSTITUTE
OF PHYSIOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS; FELLOW OF THE
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION; MEMBER OF
THE CHICAGO MEDICAL SOCIETY; THE ILLINOIS
STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY; THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT
OF SCIENCE, ETC.
AND
LENA K. SADLER, M. D.
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF THE CHICAGO INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGIC
THERAPEUTICS; FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL
ASSOCIATION; MEMBER OF THE CHICAGO MEDICAL
SOCIETY; THE MEDICAL WOMEN'S CLUB OF CHICAGO;
NATIONAL CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND
PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION; THE
CHICAGO WOMAN'S CLUB, ETC.
_ILLUSTRATED_
[Illustration]
TORONTO
McCLELLAND, GOODCHILD & STEWART
CHICAGO: A. C. McCLURG & CO.
1916
Copyright
A. C. McClurg & Co.
1916
* * * * *
Published August, 1916
* * * * *
_Copyrighted in Great Britain_
W. F. HALL PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO
TO
"BILLY"
WHO, BECAUSE OF HIS UNCONSCIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO ITS
PRACTICAL FEATURES, SHOULD BE REGARDED AS A
CO-AUTHOR, THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY
DEDICATED BY HIS PARENTS
THE AUTHORS
PREFACE
For many years the call for a book on the mother and her child has
come to us from patients, from the public, and now from our
publishers--and this volume represents our efforts to supply this
demand.
The larger part of the work was originally written by Dr. Lena K.
Sadler, with certain chapters by Dr. William S. Sadler, but in the
revision and re-arrangement of the manuscript so much work was done by
each on the contributions of the other, that it was deemed best to
bring the book out under joint authorship.
The book is divided into three principal parts: Part I, dealing with
the experience of pregnancy from the beginning of expectancy to the
convalescence of labor: Part II, dealing with the infant from its
first day of life up to the weaning time; Part III, taking up the
problems of the nursery from the weaning to the important period of
adolescence.
The advice given in this work is that which we have tried out by
experience--both as parents and physicians--and we pass it on to
mothers, fathers, and nurses with the belief that it will be of help
in their efforts at practical and scientific "child culture." We
believe, also, that the expectant mother will be aided and encouraged
in bearing the burdens which are common to motherhood by the advice
and instruction offered.
While we have drawn from our own professional and personal experience
in the preparation of this book, we have also drawn freely from the
present-day literature dealing with the subjects treated, and desire
to acknowledge our indebtedness to the various writers and
authorities.
We now jointly send forth the volume on its mission, as a contribution
toward lightening the task and inspiring the efforts of those mothers,
nurses, and others who honor us by a perusal of its pages.
WILLIAM S. SADLER.
LENA K. SADLER.
_Chicago_, 1916.
CONTENTS
* * * * *
PART I
THE MOTHER
CHAPTER PAGE
I The Expectant Mother 1
II Story of the Unborn Child 7
III Birthmarks and Prenatal Influence 14
IV The Hygiene of Pregnancy 21
V Complications of Pregnancy 35
VI Toxemia and Its Symptoms 47
VII Preparations for the Natal Day 53
VIII The Day of Labor 63
IX Twilight Sleep and Painless Labor 71
X Sunrise Slumber and Nitrous Oxid 84
XI The Convalescing Mother 93
PART II
THE BABY
XII Baby's Early Days 103
XIII The Nursery 114
XIV Why Babies Cry 123
XV The Nursing Mother and Her Babe 133
XVI The Bottle-Fed Baby 147
XVII Milk Sanitation 156
XVIII Home Modification of Milk 165
XIX The Feeding Problem 177
XX Baby's Bath and Toilet 190
XXI Baby's Clothing 202
XXII Fresh Air, Outings, and Sleep 213
XXIII Baby Hygiene 222
XXIV Growth and Development 232
PART III
THE CHILD
XXV The Sick Child 251
XXVI Baby's Sick Room 266
XXVII Digestive Disorders 274
XXVIII Contagious Diseases 285
XXIX Respiratory Diseases 300
XXX The Nervous Child 308
XXXI Nervous Diseases 323
XXXII Skin Troubles 333
XXXIII Deformities and Chronic Disorders 341
XXXIV Accidents and Emergencies 348
XXXV Diet and Nutrition 360
XXXVI Caretakers and Governesses 370
XXXVII The Power of Positive Suggestions 380
XXXVIII Play and Recreation 390
XXXIX The Puny Child 400
XL Teaching Truth 405
Appendix 427
Index 449
ILLUSTRATIONS
The mother and her child _Frontispiece_
FIGURE PAGE
1 Steps in early development 10
2 The "expectant" costume 23
3 The photophore 43
4 Taking the blood pressure 48
5 Breast binder 59
6 How to hold the baby 110
7 Making the sleeping blanket 117
8 In the sleeping blanket 118
9 Homemade ice box 149
10 Heating the bottle 151
11 A sanitary dairy 158
12 Articles needed for baby's feeding 167
13 Supporting the baby for the bath 194
14 Developmental changes 240
15 The cooling enema 290
16 X ray showing tuberculosis of the lung 346
17 Father and Mother Corn and Morning Glory 406
PART I
THE MOTHER
THE MOTHER AND HER CHILD
* * * * *
PART I
THE MOTHER
* * * * *
CHAPTER I
THE EXPECTANT MOTHER
There can be no grander, more noble, or higher calling for a healthy,
sound-minded woman than to become the mother of children. She may be
the colaborer of the business man, the overworked housewife of the
tiller of the soil, the colleague of the professional man, or the wife
of the leisure man of wealth; nevertheless, in every normal woman in
every station of life there lurks the conscious or sub-conscious
maternal instinct. Sooner or later the mother-soul yearns and cries
out for the touch of baby fingers, and for that maternal joy that
comes to a woman when she clasps to her breast the precious form of
her own babe.
MOTHERHOOD THE HIGHEST CALLING
Motherhood is by far woman's highest and noblest profession. Science,
art, and careers dwindle into insignificance when we attempt to
compare them with motherhood. And to attain this high profession, to
reach this manifest "goal of destiny," women are seeking everywhere to
obtain the best information, and the highest instruction regarding
"mothercraft," "babyhood," and "child culture."
In an Indiana town not long ago, at the close of a lecture, a small,
intellectual-appearing mother came forward, and, tenderly placing her
tiny and emaciated infant in my arms, said: "O Doctor! can you help me
feed my helpless babe? I'm sure it is going to die. Nothing seems to
help it. My father is the banker in this town. I graduated from high
school and he sent me to Ann Arbor, and there I toiled untiringly for
four years and obtained my degree of B. A. I have gone as far as I
could--spent thousands of dollars of my unselfish father's money--but
I find myself totally ignorant of my own child's necessities. I cannot
even provide her food. O Doctor! can't something be done for young
women to prepare them for motherhood?"
MOTHERCRAFT PREPARATION
The time will come when our high and normal schools will provide
adequate courses for the preparation of the young woman for her
highest profession, motherhood. This young mother, who had reached the
goal of Bachelor of Arts, found to her sorrow that she was entirely
deficient in her education and training regarding the duties and
responsibilities of a mother. In every school of the higher branches
of education that train young women in their late teens there should
be a chair of mothercraft, providing practical lectures on baby
hygiene, dress, bathing, and the general care of infants, and giving
instruction in the rudiments of simple bottle-feeding, together with
the caloric values of milk, gruels, and other ingredients which enter
into the preparation of a baby's food.
Young women would most enthusiastically enroll for such classes, and
as years passed and marriage came and children to the home, imagine
the gratitude that would flood the souls of the young mothers who were
fortunate enough to have attended schools where the chairs of
motherhood prepared them for these new duties and responsibilities.
EARLY MEDICAL SUPERVISION
Just as soon as it is known that a baby is coming into the home, the
expectant mother should engage the best doctor she can afford. She
should make frequent calls at his office and intelligently carry out
the instruction concerning water drinking, exercise, diet, etc.
Twenty-four hour specimens of urine should be frequently saved and
taken to the physician for examination. In these days the
blood-pressure is closely observed, together with approaching
headaches and other evidences of possible kidney complications. The
early recognition of these dangers is accompanied by the immediate
employment of appropriate sweating procedures and other measures
designed to promote the elimination of body poisons. Thus science is
able effectively to stay the progress of the high blood-pressure of
former days, and which was so often followed by eclampsia--uremic
poisoning.
In these days of careful urine analysis, expertly administered
anaesthetics, and up-to-date hospital confinements, the average
intelligent woman may enter into pregnancy quite free from the oldtime
fears, whose only rewards were grief and cankering care. All fear of
childbirth and all dread of maternal duties and sacrifices do not in
the least lessen the necessary unpleasantness associated with normal
labor. It lies in the choice of every expectant mother to journey
through the months of pregnancy with dissatisfaction and resentment or
with joy and serenity. "The child will be born and laid in your arms
to be fed, cared for, and reared, whether you weep or smile through
the months of waiting."
THE RESENTFUL MOTHER
A little woman came into our office the day of this writing, saying:
"Doctor, I'm just as mad as I can be; I don't want to be pregnant, I
just hate the idea." As I smiled upon this girl-wife of nineteen, I
drew from my desk a sheet of paper and slowly wrote down these words
for the head of a column: "Got a mad on," and for the head of another,
"Got a glad on;" and then we quickly set to work carefully to tabulate
all the results that having a "mad on" would bring. We found to her
dismay that its harvest would be sadness of the heart, husband
unhappy, work unbearable, while all church duties as well as social
functions would be sadly marred. Then, just as carefully, we
tabulated the benefits that would follow having a "glad on." Her face
broke into a smile; she laughed, and as she left the office she
assured me that she would accept Nature's decree, make the best of her
lot, and thus wisely align herself with the normal life demands of old
Mother Nature. This view of her experience, she came to see, would
bring the greatest amount of happiness to both herself and husband.
She left me, declaring that she was just "wild for a baby;" and there
is still echoing in my ears her parting words: "I'm leaving you, Oh,
such a happy girl! and I'm going home to Harold a happy and contented
expectant mother."
There often enters on the exit of a discontented and resentful
expectant mother, a woman, very much alone in the world--perhaps a
bachelor maid or a barren wife, who, as she sits in the office,
bitterly weeps and wails over her state of loneliness or sterility;
and so we are led to realize that discontentment is the lot of many
women; and we are sometimes led to regret that ours is not the power
to take from her that hath and give to her that hath not.
EARLY SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Among the first questions an expectant mother asks is: "What are early
signs of pregnancy?" The answer briefly is:
1. Cessation of menstruation.
2. Changes in the breast.
3. Morning sickness.
4. Disturbances in urination.
Menstruation may be interrupted by other causes than pregnancy, but
the missing of the second or third periods usually indicates
pregnancy. Accompanying the cessation of menstruation, changes in the
breast occur. Sensation in the breasts akin to those which usually
accompany menstruation are manifested at this time in connection with
the unusual sensations of stinging, prickling, etc. Fully one-half of
our patients do not suffer with "morning sickness;" however, it is the
general consensus of opinion that "morning sickness" is one of the
early signs of pregnancy, and these attacks consist of all
gradations--from slight dizziness to the most severe vomiting. It is
an unpleasant experience, but in passing through it we may be glad in
the thought that "it too, will pass."
Because of the pressure exerted by the growing uterus upon the
bladder, disturbances in urination often appear, but as the uterus
continues to grow and lifts itself up and away from the bladder these
symptoms disappear.
Chief of the later signs of pregnancy are "quickening" or fetal
movements. The movements are very much like the "fluttering of a young
birdling." They usually are felt by the expectant mother between the
seventeenth and eighteenth weeks. This sign, together with the noting
of the fetal heartbeat at the seventh month, constitute the positive
signs of pregnancy.
PROBABLE DATE OF DELIVERY
And now our expectant mother desires to know when to expect the little
stranger. From countless observations of childbirth under all
conditions and in many countries, the pregnant period is found to
cover about thirty-nine weeks, or two hundred and seventy-three days.
There are a number of ways or methods of computing this time. Many
physicians count back three months and add seven days to the first day
of the last menstruation. For instance, if the last menstruation were
December 2 to 6, then, to find the probable day of delivery, we count
back three months to September 2, and then add seven days. This gives
us September 9, as the probable date of delivery. The real date of
delivery may come any time within the week of which this calculated
date is the center.
As a rule, ten days to two weeks preceding the day of delivery, the
uterus "settles" down into the pelvis, the waist line becomes more
comfortable, and the breathing is much easier.
On the accompanying page, may be found a table for computing the
probable day of labor, prepared in accordance with the plan just
described.
TABLE FOR CALCULATING THE DATE OF CONFINEMENT
=========+=================================================+=======
Jan. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Oct. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Jan. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
Oct. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Nov.
=========+=================================================+=======
Feb. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Nov. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Feb. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 |
Nov. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 | Dec.
=========+=================================================+=======
Mar. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Dec. | 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Mar. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
Dec. | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 | Jan.
=========+=================================================+=======
April. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Jan. | 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
April. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
Jan. | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 | Feb.
=========+=================================================+=======
May. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Feb. | 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
May. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
Feb. | 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Mar.
=========+=================================================+=======
June. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Mar. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
June. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
Mar. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 | Apr.
=========+=================================================+=======
July. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Apr. | 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
July. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
Apr. | 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | May.
=========+=================================================+=======
Aug. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
May. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Aug. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
May. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | June.
=========+=================================================+=======
Sept. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
June. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Sept. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
June. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | July.
=========+=================================================+=======
Oct. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
July. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Oct. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
July. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Aug.
=========+=================================================+=======
Nov. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Aug. | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Nov. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
Aug. | 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 | Sept.
=========+=================================================+=======
Dec. | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 |
Sept. | 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 |
---------+-------------------------------------------------+-------
Dec. | 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
Sept. | 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | Oct.
=========+=================================================+=======
Supposing the upper figure in each pair of horizontal lines to
represent the first day of the last menstrual period, the figure
beneath it, with the month designated in the margin, will show the
probable date of confinement.
CHAPTER II
STORY OF THE UNBORN CHILD
To every physician in every community, sooner or later in his
experience there come thoughtless women making requests that we even
hesitate to write about. Their excuses for the crime which they seek
to have the physician join them in committing, range all the way from
"I don't want to go to the trouble," to "Doctor, I've got seven
children now, and I can't even educate and dress them properly;" or,
maybe, "I nearly lost my life with the last one."
EMBRYOLOGICAL IGNORANCE
One little woman came to us the other day from the suburbs, and
honestly, frankly, related this story:
"We've been married just six months, I have continued my stenographic
work to add the sixty-five dollars to our monthly income. Doctor, we
must meet our monthly payments on the home, I must continue to work,
or we shall utterly fail. I am perfectly willing a baby shall come to
us two years from now, but, doctor, I just can't allow this one to go
on, you must help me just this once. Why doctor, there can't be much
form or life there, it's only three months now, or will be next week,
and you know it's nothing but a mass of jelly."
She had talked with a "confidential friend" in her neighborhood, had
been told that she "could do it herself," but fearing trouble or
infection, had come to the conclusion she had better go to a "clean,
reputable physician," to have the abortion performed.
This is not the place to narrate the experiences of the unfortunate
victims of habitual criminal abortion, but we would like to impress
upon the reader some realization of the untimely deaths, the awful
suffering, and the life-long remorse and sorrow of the poor, misguided
women who listen to the criminal advice of neighborhood "busybodies."
The infections, the invalidism, the sterility that so often follow in
the wake of these practices, are well known to all medical people.
THE STREAM OF LIFE
And so after the patient's last statement, "It's nothing but a mass of
jelly," we began the simple but wonderfully beautiful story of the
development of the "child enmothered." Just as all vegetables, fruits,
nuts, flowers, and grains come from seeds sown into fertile soil, and
just as these seeds receive nourishment from the soil, rain, and
sunshine, so all our world of brothers and sisters, of fathers and
mothers, came from tiny human seeds, and in their turn received
nourishment from the peculiarly adapted stream of life, which flows in
the maternal veins for the nourishment and upbuilding of the unborn
embryo.
Every little girl and boy baby that comes into the world, has stored
within its body, in a wonderfully organized capsule, a part of the
ancestral stream of life that unceasingly has flowed down through the
centuries from father to son and from mother to daughter. This "germ
plasm" is a divine gift to be held in trust and carefully guarded from
the odium of taint, to be handed down to the sons and daughters of the
next generation. Any young man who grasps the thought that he
possesses a portion of the stream of life, that he holds it in sacred
trust for posterity, cannot fail to be impressed with a sense of
solemn responsibility so to order his life as to be able to transmit
this biologic trust to succeeding generations free from taint and
disease.
THE PROCESS OF FERTILIZATION
Just as within the body of "Mother Morning Glory" (See Fig. 15) may be
found the ovary or seed bed, so there are two wonderfully organized
bodies about the size of large almonds found in the lower part of the
female abdomen on either side of the uterus, and connected to it by
two sensitive tubes. There ripens in one of these bodies each month a
human baby-seed, which finds its way to the uterus through the little
fallopian tube and is apparently lost in the debris of cells and mucus
which, with the accompanying hemorrhage go to make up the menstrual
flow. This continues from puberty to menopause, each gland
alternatingly ripening its ovum, only to lose it in the periodical
phenomenon of menstruation, which is seldom interrupted save by that
still more wonderful phenomenon of conception.
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