An Elementary Study of Chemistry

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Solder 372, 375

Solubility of gases 95
of solids 96

Solution 94
and chemical action 53
boiling point 98
classes 94
distribution of solids in 98
electrolysis of 99
freezing point 99
of gases in liquids 94
of solids in liquids 96
properties 98
saturated 97
supersaturated 98

Solvay soda process 283

Sombrerite 239

Spectroscope 296

Sphalerite 325

Spiegel iron 343

Spinel 332

Spontaneous combustion 20

Stalactites 305

Stalagmites 305

Standard conditions 23

Stannates 372

Stannic acid 372
chloride 372
oxide 372

Stannous chloride 372

Starch 415

Stassfurt salts 287

Stearic acid 407

Stearin 409

Steel 345
alloys 348
properties 347
tempering of 348
tool 347

Stibine 251

Stibnite 250

Stoneware 336

Strontianite 312

Strontium 312
hydroxide 312
nitrate 312

Structural formulas 119

Structure of compounds 119

Strychnine 419

Substitution 70

Sugars 412
cane 412
fruit 415
grape 414
milk 414

Sulphates 159

Sulphides 148

Sulphites 152
action of acids on 150

Sulphur 143
allotropic forms 144
chemical properties 145
comparison with oxygen 161
dioxide 149
preparation 149
properties 150
extraction 143
flowers of 143
occurrence 143
oxides 149
physical properties 144
trioxide 152
uses 146
varieties 144

Sulphuric acid 154
action as an acid 157
action on metals 157
action on organic matter 158
action on salts 158
action on water 158
fuming 155
manufacture 154
oxidizing action 157
plant 156
properties 157
salts 159

Sulphuric anhydride 153

Sulphurous acid 151

Superphosphate of lime 246

Sylvine 288

Symbols 11

Synthesis 40

Table, alkali metals 274
alkaline-earth metals 300
alloys of copper 359
aqueous tension Appendix B
atomic weights Appendix A
chlorine family 174
composition of earth's crust 10
composition of fuel gases 220
constants of elements Appendix B
copper family 356
elements Appendix A
gold and platinum metals 390
hydrocarbons 399
magnesium family 316
manganese and chromium 379
periodic arrangement 168
phosphorus family 238
silicon family 257
solubility of gases in water 95
solubility of salts 96
solubility of salts at different temperatures 97
tin and lead 370
weights of gases Appendix B

Talc 321, 336

Tartar emetic 408

Tartaric acid 408

Tellurium 161

Temporary hardness 309

Ternary acids 113
salts 114

Tetraboric acid 265

Thallium 327

Theory, atomic 61
definition 64
value of 64

Thermite 331

Thio compounds 282

Thiosulphates 159

Thiosulphuric acid 159

Thorium 377

Tin 370
block 371
compounds 372
crystals 372
family 370
foil 371
metallurgy 370
plate 371
properties 371
uses 371

Titanium 257, 264

Topaz 331

Triad families 166

Tungsten 388

Type metal 253, 375

Uranium 388

Valence 116
a numerical property 116
and combining ratios 118
and equations 120
and formulas 120
and periodic groups 162
and structure 118
definition 116
indirectly determined 117
measure of 117
variable 117

Vaseline 400

Venetian red 349

Verdigris 407

Vermilion 363

Vinegar 406

Vitriol, blue 361
green 350
oil of 154
white 324

Volume and aqueous tension 25
and pressure 24
and temperature 23
of combining gases 194

Water 40
a compound 40
and disease 49
catalytic action of 154
chalybeate 351
chemical properties 53
composition 47
composition by volume 44
composition by weight 47
dissociation of 210
distillation of 50
electrolysis of 41, 103
filtration of 51
gas 219
hard 309
historical 40
impurities in 48
in air 87
mineral 49
occurrence 48
of crystallization 54, 75
physical properties 53
purification of 50
qualitative analysis 41
quantitative analysis 42
river 49
sanitary analysis 50
self-purification 53
softening of 310
standard substance 55
synthesis 43
uses of 55

Weights, atomic 65

Welsbach mantles 219, 377

Whisky 404

Wine 404

Witherite 312

Wood alcohol 402
distillation 402

Wood's metal 254

Xenon 80

Yeast 403

Zinc 321
alloys of 323
blende 321
chloride 325
flowers of 322
metallurgy 321
occurrence 321
oxide 324
sulphate 324
sulphide 325
white 324

Zymase, 403

ANNOUNCEMENTS

AN ELEMENTARY STUDY OF CHEMISTRY

By WILLIAM McPHERSON, Professor of Chemistry in Ohio State University,
and WILLIAM E. HENDERSON, Associate Professor of Chemistry in Ohio State
University.

12mo. Cloth. 434 pages. Illustrated. List price, $1.25; mailing price,
$1.40

This book is the outgrowth of many years of experience in the teaching
of elementary chemistry. In its preparation the authors have steadfastly
kept in mind the limitations of the student to whom chemistry is a new
science. They have endeavored to present the subject in a clear,
well-graded way, passing in a natural and logical manner from principles
which are readily understood to those which are more difficult to grasp.
The language is simple and as free as possible from unusual and
technical phrases. Those which are unavoidable are carefully defined.
The outline is made very plain, and the paragraphing is designed to be
of real assistance to the student in his reading.

The book is in no way radical, either in the subject-matter selected or
in the method of treatment. At the same time it is in thorough harmony
with the most recent developments in chemistry, both in respect to
theory and discovery. Great care has been taken in the theoretical
portions to make the treatment simple and well within the reach of the
ability of an elementary student. The most recent discoveries have been
touched upon where they come within the scope of an elementary text.
Especial attention has been given to the practical applications of
chemistry, and to the description of the manufacturing processes in use
at the present time.

EXERCISES IN CHEMISTRY. By WILLIAM McPHERSON and WILLIAM E. HENDERSON.
(_In press._)

GINN & COMPANY PUBLISHERS

A FIRST COURSE IN PHYSICS

By ROBERT A. MILLIKAN, Associate Professor of Physics, and HENRY G.
GALE, Assistant Professor of Physics in The University of Chicago

12mo, cloth, 488 pages, illustrated, $1.25

A LABORATORY COURSE IN PHYSICS

_FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS_

By ROBERT A. MILLIKAN and HENRY G. GALE 12mo, flexible cloth, 134 pages,
illustrated, 40 cents

This one-year course in physics has grown out of the experience of the
authors in developing the work in physics at the School of Education of
The University of Chicago, and in dealing with the physics instruction
in affiliated high schools and academies.

The book is a simple, objective presentation of the subject as opposed
to a formal and mathematical one. It is intended for the third-year
high-school pupils and is therefore adapted in style and method of
treatment to the needs of students between the ages of fifteen and
eighteen. It especially emphasizes the historical and practical aspects
of the subject and connects the study very intimately with facts of
daily observation and experience.

The authors have made a careful distinction between the class of
experiments which are essentially laboratory problems and those which
belong more properly to the classroom and the lecture table. The former
are grouped into a Laboratory Manual which is designed for use in
connection with the text. The two books are not, however, organically
connected, each being complete in itself.

All the experiments included in the work have been carefully chosen with
reference to their usefulness as effective classroom demonstrations.

GINN AND COMPANY PUBLISHERS

APPENDIX A

LIST OF THE ELEMENTS, THEIR SYMBOLS, AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS

The more important elements are marked with an asterisk

O = 16

*Antimony Sb 120.2
*Argon A 39.9
*Arsenic As 75.0
*Barium Ba 137.4
Beryllium Be 9.1
*Bismuth Bi 208.5
*Boron B 11.0
*Bromine Br 79.96
*Cadmium Cd 112.4
Caesium Cs 132.9
*Calcium Ca 40.1
*Carbon C 12.00
Cerium Ce 140.25
*Chlorine Cl 35.45
*Chromium Cr 52.1
*Cobalt Co 59.0
Columbium Cb 94.0
*Copper Cu 63.6
Erbium Er 166.0
*Fluorine F 19.0
Gadolinium Gd 156.0
Gallium Ga 70.0
Germanium Ge 72.5
*Gold Au 197.2
Helium He 4.0
*Hydrogen H 1.008
Indium In 115.0
*Iodine I 126.97
Iridium Ir 193.0
*Iron Fe 55.9
Krypton Kr 81.8
Lanthanum La 138.9
*Lead Pb 206.9
Lithium Li 7.03
*Magnesium Mg 24.36
*Manganese Mn 55.0
*Mercury Hg 200.0
Molybdenum Mo 96.0
Neodymium Nd 143.6
Neon Ne 20.0
*Nickel Ni 58.7
*Nitrogen N 14.04
Osmium Os 191.0
*Oxygen O 16.00
Palladium Pd 106.5
*Phosphorus P 31.0
*Platinum Pt 194.8
*Potassium K 39.15
Praseodymium Pr 140.5
Radium Ra 225.0
Rhodium Rh 103.0
Rubidium Rb 85.5
Ruthenium Ru 101.7
Samarium Sm 150.3
Scandium Sc 44.1
Selenium Se 79.2
*Silicon Si 28.4
*Silver Ag 107.93
*Sodium Na 23.05
*Strontium Sr 87.6
*Sulphur S 32.06
Tantalum Ta 183.0
Tellurium Te 127.6
Terbium Tb 160.0
Thallium Tl 204.1
Thorium Th 232.5
Thulium Tm 171.0
*Tin Sn 119.0
Titanium Ti 48.1
Tungsten W 184.0
Uranium U 238.5
Vanadium V 51.2
Xenon Xe 128.0
Ytterbium Yb 173.0
Yttrium Yt 89.0
*Zinc Zn 65.4
Zirconium Zr 90.6

APPENDIX B

Tension of Aqueous Vapor expressed in Millimeters of Mercury

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
16 13.5
17 14.4
18 15.3
19 16.3
20 17.4
21 18.5
22 19.6
23 20.9
24 22.2
25 23.5

Weight of 1 Liter of Various Gases measured under Standard Conditions

Acetylene 1.1614
Air 1.2923
Ammonia 0.7617
Carbon dioxide 1.9641
Carbon monoxide 1.2499
Chlorine 3.1650
Hydrocyanic acid 1.2036
Hydrochloric acid 1.6275
Hydrogen 0.08984
Hydrosulphuric acid 1.5211
Methane 0.7157
Nitric oxide 1.3410
Nitrogen 1.2501
Nitrous oxide 1.9677
Oxygen 1.4285
Sulphur dioxide 2.8596

Densities and Melting Points of Some Common Elements

DENSITY MELTING POINT
Aluminium 2.68 640
Antimony 6.70 432
Arsenic 5.73 --
Barium 3.75 --
Bismuth 9.80 270
Boron 2.45 --
Cadmium 8.67 320
Caesium 1.88 26.5
Calcium 1.54 --
Carbon, Diamond 3.50 --
" Graphite 2.15 --
" Charcoal 1.80 --
Chromium 7.30 3000
Cobalt 8.55 1800
Copper 8.89 1084
Gold 19.30 1064
Iridium 22.42 1950
Iron 7.93 1800
Lead 11.38 327
Lithium 0.59 186
Magnesium 1.75 750
Manganese 8.01 1900
Mercury 13.596 -39.5
Nickel 8.9 1600
Osmium 22.47 --
Palladium 11.80 1500
Phosphorus 1.80 45
Platinum 21.50 1779
Potassium 0.87 62.5
Rhodium 12.10 --
Rubidium 1.52 38.5
Ruthenium 12.26 --
Silicon 2.35 --
Silver 10.5 960
Sodium 0.97 97.6
Strontium 2.50 --
Sulphur 2.00 114.8
Tin 7.35 235
Titanium 3.50 --
Zinc 7.00 420

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