The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved
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William A. Williams >> The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved
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Dr. George W. Field, an expert authority, says the oysters of Europe
are unisexual, but in America, they are double-sexed. How could one be
derived from the other? Even the oyster is too much for the
evolutionist. The same argument applies to a great multitude of
species, that have little or no powers of locomotion.
If all plants and animals originated from one germ in one place, how
can plants, indigenous to a single continent, or hemisphere, be
accounted for? Why, for example, was there no maize, or Indian corn,
in the old world? Or tomatoes, potatoes, or any other plants
indigenous to America? If these once existed in the old world, as
they must have done, according to the theory, why were they found in
America alone?
Here we quote from Prof. Agassiz, one of the greatest authorities the
world ever knew: "I will, therefore, consider the transmutation theory
of species as a _scientific mistake, untrue in its facts,
unscientific in its method, and mischievous in its tendency." (Italics
ours and yours)._
13. GOD NOT ABSENT NOR INACTIVE
The theory that God is absent or inactive is as untenable and
God-dishonoring as the discarded theory of atheism itself.
Evolution, as held by many, harmonizes with and supports the false and
impossible assumption that God created one, or at most, a few germs,
from which all animal species including man, and plants developed, by
"natural law." This theory seems plausible to those who do not examine
it too closely. It does not deny the existence of God, and concedes he
may have created one or more germs, but delegated the development of
an orderly world to "natural law." Thus his activities are no longer
needed. Perhaps they entertain the thought that God must grow weary
under the active and sleepless control of the universe, if not of the
world alone. They lose sight of the fact that a God of infinite mind
and power can not be wearied by any possible complications, or any
required amount of energy. Rather, the exercise of unlimited energy is
a source of pleasure and happiness. May we not learn this from the
boundless extent of the universe? Creation is not a task, but a great
satisfaction. If God finds so much happiness in creating a boundless
universe, would he renounce the pleasure of the active care and
control of 3,000,000 species?
The hypothesis that God delegates to "law" the evolution of the
universe, the world, and all species, is untenable, because no law,
human or divine, can enforce itself. Law has no power. It is not a
being, a creature, a living thing. It is absolutely helpless. It can
not be God's agent to carry out his will. Why the need of it? Why
should not God use his power direct to do his will? What gain in
creating and employing an agent? Which would be easier, to execute his
own will, or delegate it to a law?
His law is simply the record of his acts. He executes his own will
with exact regularity. He does not vary. Hence, all his creatures may
depend on regularity. It seems like law. The power in every case is
the power of God. Law has no power. The law of gravitation has no
power. Matter has no power. One of the primary lessons we learn in
physics is the inertia of matter. Matter can not move, unless moved
upon; nor stop of itself, when once in motion. Absolutely powerless!
The power of attraction, which we may call a property of matter, is
really the power of God. The effects are the results of power and
intelligence. Law has neither power nor intelligence. Human law marks
out the course man _should_ pursue. Divine law records the
course God _has_ pursued. Human law must be enforced by all the
executive power of the nation. God executes his own will, with perfect
regularity; and, by courtesy of language, we call it "law." He is the
great executor of the universe, not far removed, but proven present
everywhere, by the power and wisdom necessary to produce the results.
These results are found in the boundless universe, and in the
microscopic world. They are found in the world far below the power of
the most powerful microscope to detect. All the combinations of
chemical elements are made, hidden from the eye of the microscope.
Substances are dissolved and new combinations made, atoms are
numbered, counted and combined with mathematical precision, and with
an intelligence difficult for man to compute. No law could do
this. Only a Being who has sufficient power and intelligence is equal
to it. Law has no power, nor intelligence. Water is composed of two
atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen, combined with absolute precision
everywhere. All chemical reactions require computations of an
intelligent being. All nature teems with proofs that God is every
where present. The elements in a high explosive are arranged
instantly in new combinations, each atom taking its proper partners,
in the proper proportion, with unerring precision. Countless
calculations of the most difficult kind are made instantly and
continually by the divine mind. Thus God's presence everywhere in the
minutest forms of matter is clearly proved. It is a mathematical
demonstration. God is not wearied by the care of worlds and suns, and
systems and snow-drifts of stars on the highway of heaven, and takes
just as perfect notice of atoms and electrons. They who think God is
unable or unwilling to take care of the minutest division of matter as
well as the rolling suns, must have a very diluted idea of God. It is
now claimed that the atom, formerly believed to be the smallest
division of matter, consists of 1740 parts. Sir Oliver Lodge says that
the structure of an atom is as complex as that of a piano. This latest
scientific discovery detects the power and wisdom of God, controlling,
for ages, this minutest division of matter, undetected by the most
powerful microscope.
It staggers one to think of the countless and difficult calculations
that are made instantly by the divine mind in every part of the
universe. The path of every snowflake that lazily pursues its tortuous
course, and rests upon the lap of earth, is marked out, not by any law
or agent, but by God himself. He calculates instantly the cyclone's
path, the movement of every particle of air, the direction, velocity
and path of every raindrop. A law could not do it. The wisest man
could not do it. But God can do it, with the ease with which the
tempest carries a feather on its bosom, or the ocean floats a straw!
Every second, about 16,000,000 tons of rain and snow fall to the
earth; and God calculates the paths of the myriad flakes of snow and
drops of rain instantly and unerringly.
The Conservation of Energy and the inter-convertibility of
forces--light, heat, electricity,--taking place constantly everywhere,
often on a stupendous scale, require bewildering calculations by an
ever-present God. No energy, not even potential energy, can be lost in
converting one force into another. It must be computed exactly.
Who but an infinite God could have calculated the enormous potential
energy of the nebulous gases, required by contraction to cause the
prodigious heat of a universe of suns?
The earth turns over noiselessly every 24 hours, carrying on its
bosom, at the rate of 1000 mi. an hour, at dizzy heights, a most
tenuous atmosphere, without a rustle, without the loss of a second in
1000 years. The earth with its satellite, is traveling around the sun
at the rate of 18.5 mi. per second--75 times as fast as a cannon
ball,--bearing a load of 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons, and
arriving at a given point in its orbit, on exact time every tropical
year. It has arrived so promptly on time following its elliptical
course, at such a rate that the radius vector, a line from the sun to
the earth, passes over equal areas in equal times, furnishing every
moment an abtruse problem difficult for a scholar to solve. The orbit
is so vast that it varies from a straight line, but 4 in. in 666 mi.,
the distance from Philadelphia to Chicago.
The sun also, with its family of worlds and their satellites, is
plunging through space at the rate of 8.5 mi. per second; moreover,
there are swarms of huge suns, many larger than ours, moving in
straight-lines like a universe on a journey, and countless millions of
suns in swiftest flight through the skies, whose orbits and rates of
motion must all be calculated and controlled by a mind of amazing
power and intelligence.
Is not the so-called "scientist" either a madman or a fool, who
believes that all this can be accounted for, without the presence of a
God of infinite power and intelligence?
Water contracts as the temperature falls. But when within four degrees
of the freezing point, water expands and ice becomes lighter than
water, and floats, and saves all bodies of water from becoming solid
bodies of ice.
Who can say that God does not intervene, in this case, to save all
life? It is a striking proof that God is not absent nor inactive.
Gravitation requires the computation of countless millions of the most
complex and difficult problems, every instant, by the divine mind. The
attraction of all matter for all other matter is in proportion
directly to the mass and inversely to the square of the distance. The
exact weight of every object is determined by the attraction of the
earth and every particle thereof, the mountain that may be nearby, the
elevation and altitude of the place, the attraction of the sun and the
moon, and every star in heaven, even though too small to be computed
by man,--all these are computed precisely by the divine mind. These
innumerable calculations prove that God is everywhere. We are
continually in the immediate awesome presence of an Infinite God.
Every computation that man ever made, was made long before by a great
Intelligence, that excels all others combined. How intricate is the
calculation of the divine mind, which causes the water of every ocean,
sea, lake, pond, and vessel, when at rest, to correspond with the
exact sphericity of the earth. In the face of innumerable and
difficult calculations,--proofs of the intense activity of the divine
mind,--who can be so reckless as to say that God is absent or
inactive?
Not only does God make endless calculations in executing his will in
the material universe, but in the intellectual, moral and spiritual
world as well. We can not measure, with any human instruments, the
amount of mental discipline and improvement, resulting from a certain
amount of study. But God calculates unerringly the precise amount of
mental discipline or improvement earned by every mental exertion. The
amount is in precise proportion to the mental effort. The gain is
definite, exact and unerring, the calculation is instantaneous, and
beyond the power of the profoundest mathematician to compute. So also,
the effect of every moral act, wish, desire, purpose, intention or
affection, is instantly computed, and the moral character modified in
exact proportion to their weight. If a man indulges in vice, he
becomes vicious in proportion. If he commits a crime, he becomes more
criminal in nature. Every theft is computed at its proper value.
Every good and noble act ennobles the character in proportion to its
worth. There is a settlement, every instant, and all deeds, wishes,
desires, purposes, and affections go into the character, and affect it
in precise proportion to their weight. Who but an infinite God, can
keep all accounts of his innumerable creatures instantaneously, and
have them complete, exact and unerring? No man, nor angel, nor "law,"
could do it. In like manner, every spiritual act, wish, purpose,
motive,--all go in to make up the spiritual life of man, in exact
proportion to their worth. Not all the mathematicians and scribes in
the universe could together solve the problems, that the great
intellect of the Supreme Ruler is solving every instant of time.
This theory of an absent or inactive God leaves no place for prayer,
an almost universal instinct of mankind. If a blind, deaf, and dumb
and helpless law is in control, it is useless to pray for help. All
nations, races and peoples instinctively believe that God hears and
answers prayer. This is a scientific fact with which evolutionists
must reckon, even if it has a pious or otherwise offensive sound. No
use to pray to an inexorable "law," which, like the gods of the
heathen, can neither see, nor hear, nor taste, nor smell.
How unscientific then seems the following declaration of Darwin: "To
my mind, it accords better with what we know of the laws impressed on
matter [How could that be?] by the Creator, that the production and
extinction of the past and present inhabitants of the world should
have been due to secondary causes, like those determining the birth
and death of the individual." It does not remove the First Great Cause
from active control of the world to call his acts "secondary causes."
14. CHANCE OR DESIGN?
Evolution is the old heathen doctrine of chance. It professes to
eliminate design and a personal active Creator. The theory of natural
selection allows no design, no intelligence, no interference, no
control, by the Creator. He does not interfere even by means of
law. M. M. Metcalf, of Oberlin, O., (shades of Chas. G. Finney!), a
prominent evolutionist, says, "The last stand was made by those who
claim that supernatural agency intervenes in nature in such a way as
to modify the natural order of events. When Darwin came to dislodge
them from this, their last intrenchment, there was a fight." Yes! the
fight will last while any one tries to substitute chance for the
control of Almighty God.
The universe teems with countless evidences of intelligent design of
the highest order, whether it is found in the starry heavens, or in
the law and order of the atoms hiding from the most powerful
microscope. All things came by chance or by design. They say there is
no design. We wonder that the hand that wrote the lie was not
palsied. It would be, if the same Creator that filled every muscle,
nerve, bone, and tissue of the sacrilegious hand, with numberless
proofs of design, were not a long-suffering and merciful God.
Prof. Vernon Kellogg says: "Darwinism may be defined as a certain
rational causo-mechanical (hence non-teleologic) explanation of the
origin of species." Translated into plain English, this euphemistic
expression means that Darwinism excludes all design and control by a
Creator. Chance pure and simple. All species originated by chance,
without interference by a supreme Being. This senseless doctrine of
chance has been condemned by man in every age.
We can only note a few of the evidences of design, found in
bewildering numbers in every part of God's great creation.
THE HUMAN BODY. Can evolutionists imagine how the human body
could be crammed fuller of the clearest proofs of the most intelligent
design, indicating a mind of the highest order? Many of the most
remarkable inventions of man were suggested by the wonderful
contrivances found in the human body. Yet they say this marvelous
piece of ingenuity did not come from the hand of the Creator but was
developed by blind chance or "natural laws," without a trace of
intelligent design by the Creator, or by man or beast. The human body
can no more be a product of chance or causo-mechanical evolution than
a Hoe printing press, or Milton's Paradise Lost.
On high medical authority, we are told that there are in the human
body 600 muscles, 1000 miles of blood vessels, and 550 arteries
important enough to name. The skin, spread out, would cover 16 square
feet. It has 1,500,000 sweat glands which spread out on one surface,
would occupy over 10,000 sq. ft., and would cover 5 city lots, 20 x
100 ft. The lungs are composed of 700,000,000 cells of honey comb, all
of which we use in breathing,--equal to a flat surface of 2,000 square
feet, which would cover a city lot. In 70 years, the heart beats
2,500,000,000 times, and lifts 500,000 tons of blood. The nervous
system, controlled by the brain has 3,000,000,000,000 nerve cells,
9,200,000,000 of which are in the cortex or covering of the brain
alone. In the blood are 30,000,000 white corpuscles, and
180,000,000,000,000 red ones. Almost 3 pints of saliva are swallowed
every day, and the stomach generates daily from 5 to 10 quarts of
gastric juice, which digests food and destroys germs. Two gallons
daily! It is easy also to believe that the "very hairs of our heads
are numbered,"--about 250,000.
Yet many an upstart, with thousands of the most marvelous contrivances
in his own body, is ready to shout that there is no God and no design,
or that there has been no interference since creation, and that our
bodies have reached the dizzy heights of perfection, without
intelligence, purpose or design. Absurd in the highest degree! "We
are fearfully and wonderfully made."
THE EYE. Darwin says, "To suppose that the eye with all its
inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the
correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been
formed by natural selection, _seems, I frankly confess absurd in the
highest degree_." (Italics ours). After admitting that it "seems
absurd in the highest degree," he proceeds, as if it were certainly
true. Darwin has been admired for his candor, but not for his
consistency. After admitting that an objection is insuperable, he goes
on as if it had little or no weight. And many of his followers take
the same unscientific attitude. They try to establish their theory in
spite of overwhelming arguments.
"Reason tells me," he says, "that if numerous gradations from a simple
and imperfect eye, to one complex and perfect, can be shown to exist,
such gradation being useful to its possessor, as is certainly the
case" (certainly?), "if further," he continues, "the eye varies and
the variations be inherited, as is likewise certainly the case" (most
modern evolutionists say certainly _not_ the case; what, if
variations are unfavorable?); "And if such variations should be
useful, (what if not useful?) to any animal under changing conditions
of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye _could_ be formed by natural selection, _though insuperable
to the imagination_ (Italics ours) should not be considered as
subversive of the theory"!! Darwin undertakes a task far too great for
his mighty genius. "Believing that a perfect and complex eye could be
formed" is many moral leagues from proving that it was so formed. We
must have stronger proof than sufficient to lead us to believe that
such an eye could possibly be so formed. All proof is exhausted in the
struggle to prove the possibility of the formation of so marvelous an
eye, to say nothing of the probability, much less the certainty
required by science. We hold evolutionists to the necessity of
proving that the eye was _certainly_ so formed. We demand
it. Otherwise, we shall certainly "consider it subversive of the
theory." And if acquired by one species, how could it benefit another
species? But we must contest the claim that the wonderful eye of man
and animals _could_ have been formed by evolution. Darwin's whole
theory aims to account for all creation, with its super-abundant
evidences of design, by natural selection, which works without design
and without intelligence. The theory is founded upon the monstrous
assumption that unintelligent animals and plants, can, by aimless
effort arrive at such perfection as the organs of the human body,
exceeding anything in mechanical contrivance, invented to date by the
genius of man. Indeed, that wonderful invention of the telescope is
but a poor imitation of the eye, and does not begin to equal it in
marvelous design. Who would say that the telescope might have been
constructed by chance, or the fortuitous concurrence of atoms, or by
natural selection, or any other attempted method of blotting out the
great intelligent Designer of the universe? It not only "_seems_
absurd in the highest degree," but certainly _is_, and is fatal
to the theory.
The eye is so wonderful in its powers, and delicate adjustments, that
we stand amazed at the evidences of design, and at the wisdom of the
Maker of the eye, far exceeding the highest inventive genius of
man. To say that this is the result of "natural selection," is absurd
and ridiculous. Evolution eliminates design, mind, and an active and
ever present God, and substitutes blind chance or natural selection,
dubs it "science" and asks the world to believe it!
According to the evolution theory, the gain in the mechanism of the
eye causes its possessors to survive, and others to die. Is that true?
Are there not many species that survive, whose eyes are less perfect
than the eye of man? Indeed, it is claimed that many animals have eyes
superior to man. If so, why did man survive and become the dominant
species, with eyes less perfect? The compound eyes of some species are
superior in some respects, as every one knows, who has ever tried to
slip up on a fly. A scientist says that fleas have such perfect vision
that the darkness under the bed clothes is to them a glaring light.
Darwin makes a fatal admission, when he says, "To arrive, however, at
a conclusion regarding the formation of the eye with all its marvelous
yet not absolutely perfect characters, it is indispensable that the
reason should conquer the imagination; But I _have felt the
difficulty far too keenly to be surprised at others hesitating to
extend the principle of natural selection to so startling a
length_." (Italics ours). No wonder the reason and judgment of
mankind revolts against such a theory and that so many evolutionists
themselves reject it.
Three or four per cent. of the population are color blind--"red-blind"
--and are not able to distinguish the color of the green leaves from
that of the red ripe cherries. Can it be possible that the eye
becomes more perfect, because those who had less perfect eyes
perished, and only those who could recognize colors survive until
color blindness is finally eliminated? Is such a doctrine scientific?
Is it more reasonable to believe it than to believe that an infinitely
wise and powerful God created this organ of marvelous value and
beauty? Of course, the ability to recognize color is only one of the
many perfections of the eye.
Evolution is made so much more incredible, because it teaches that
every permanent improvement in the eye is made at the expense of
multitudes of individuals that perished because of the lack of the
improvement. The defect perished only because all individuals
afflicted with it perished. Is this true?
The bureau of education of the U.S. government reports that, of
_22,000,000_ school children examined, 5,000,000 have defective
eyes; 1,000,000, defective hearing; 1,000,000 have active
tuberculosis; 250,000, heart trouble; 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 are
underfed; total, 12,250,000,--more than half. Must all these
defectives perish in order that man may reach perfection? Less than
half are the "fittest" and they only could survive.
LOCATION OF ORGANS. But if the evolutionist _could_
convince the thoughtful student that the marvelous eye could have been
so formed, by blind chance or natural selection, how could he account
for the advantageous location of the eye and other organs? While we
can not well name a fraction small enough to express the mathematical
probability of the formation of the eye, the ear, and other organs of
the body, we easily can compute the fraction of the probability of
their location, though very small. In the passage quoted from Darwin,
he begins with the simple eye, but does not say how the eye
originated. Hon. William J. Bryan in his book, "In His Image," p. 97,
says, "But how does the evolutionist explain the eye, when he leaves
God out? Here is the only guess that I have seen,--if you find any
others, I shall be glad to know of them, as I am collecting the
guesses of the evolutionists. The evolutionist guesses that there was
a time when eyes were unknown--that is a necessary part of the
hypothesis. And since the eye is a universal possession, among living
things, the evolutionist guesses that it came into being,--not by
design or act of God--I will give you the guess,--a piece of pigment,
or as some say, a freckle, appeared upon the skin of an animal that
had no eyes. This piece of pigment or freckle converged the rays of
the sun upon that spot, and when the little animal felt the heat on
that spot, it turned the spot to the sun to get more heat. This
increased heat irritated the skin,--so the evolutionists guess--and a
nerve came there and out of the nerve came the eye. Can you beat it?
But this only accounts for one eye; there must have been another piece
of pigment or freckle soon afterward, and just in the right place in
order to give the animal two eyes."
Now assuming, what seems an utter impossibility, that the wonderful
mechanism of the eye can be accounted for by chance or natural
selection (another name for chance since design is excluded), how can
we account for the _location_ of the eyes, and, in fact, of all
the other organs of the body? We can easily calculate the mathematical
probability on the basis of natural selection. There are from 2500 to
3500 square inches of surface to the human body, a space easily 3000
times the space occupied by an eye. The eye, by the laws of
probability, is just as likely to be located any where else, and has
one chance out of 3000 to be located where it is. But out, of our
abundant margin, we will concede the chance to be one out of 1000, and
hence its mathematical probability is .001. For mathematical
probability includes possibility and even improbability. The compound
probability of two things happening together is ascertained by
multiplying together their fractions of probability. Now the
probability of the location of the second eye where it is, also is
.001. And the compound probability of the location of both eyes where
they are, is .001 x .001 or .000,001. In like manner, the probability
of the location of each ear where it is, is .001, and of the two ears
.000,001. The compound probability of the location of two eyes and two
ears where they are, is .000001 x .000001 or .000,000,000,001. The two
eyes and two ears have but one chance out of a trillion or a million
million to be located where they are. The location of the mouth, the
nose, and every organ of the body diminishes this probability a
thousand fold. We are speaking mildly when we say that this
calculation proves that the evolution of the body, by chance or
natural selection, has not one chance in a million to be true. So
ruthlessly does the pure and reliable science of mathematics shatter
the theory of evolution, which so called scientists claim is as firmly
established as the law of gravitation.
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