The Evolution Of Man Scientifically Disproved

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3. RELIGIONS

The unity of ancient religions proves the creation of man who received
a divine revelation. According to evolution, all religions were
evolved or invented by humanoids. In that case, we would expect them
to be widely divergent; and we would be surprised, if they agreed on
great and important points, and especially on points which could not
be clearly arrived at by reason. For instance, what in reason teaches
us that an animal sacrifice is a proper way to worship God? How could
unassisted reason ever arrive at the conclusion that God is properly
worshipped by sacrificing a sheep or an ox? If we grant that one
section of the anthropoid host might have stumbled on the idea, how
can we account for its prevalence or its universality? A very high
authority says, "Sacrifices were common to all nations of antiquity,
and therefore, traced by some to a personal revelation." By
revelation, we learn that the animal sacrifice prefigured the Lamb
slain on Calvary. It was revealed. No race of monkey-men could ever
have invented the idea.

The most ancient nations worshipped God by sacrifices. Homer's Iliad
(1000 B. C.) and other works of Grecian poets are full of it. All the
classics, Greek and Latin, are crowded with accounts of offerings. The
earliest records of the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Hindus and
Chinese speak of sacrifices long in vogue. This unity of religions on
the point of animal sacrifices bespeaks revelation and not evolution.

The division of time into weeks of 7 days, prevalent among the
ancients, suggests an ancient revelation in commemoration of creation
as against evolution, which denies creation. The following statements
from Dr. J. R. Dummelow, an eminent commentator, show that the
Babylonians both divided time into weeks, and offered sacrifices,
pointing to the unity of religions. "The Babylonians observed the 7th,
14th, 21st and 28th of each lunar month as days when men were
subjected to certain restrictions; the king was not to eat food
prepared by fire, _nor offer sacrifice,_ nor consult an oracle,
nor invoke curses on his enemies." They also observed the 19th of each
month. It was customary, therefore, in the days of Abraham, for the
Babylonians to offer sacrifices and to observe the 7th day as
especially sacred. This can only be accounted for upon the assumption,
that God had revealed to the human race that creation occupied 6 days
or periods, and the 7th was to be observed,--all of which was
doubtless handed down by tradition. There were priests and temples in
the most ancient empire known.

Dr. Dummelow says: "It is now widely admitted that the Genesis account
of creation contains elements of belief which existed perhaps
thousands of years before the book of Genesis was written, among the
peoples of Babylonia and Assyria." Many of the primeval revelations
were handed down by tradition. God communed with Adam. There are many
relics of the original religion: the division of time into weeks, and
the institution of the Sabbath day; the sacrifices so common in the
ancient religions; the general existence of priests and temples in all
ages, and among all nations; marriage, the divinely authorized pillar
of society; the early institution of the family, and the use of the
root words for father and mother, in all the most ancient languages,
and families of languages, as well as in the scattered languages of
the earth spoken by the most savage. The belief in the immortality of
the soul, is well nigh universal, even among tribes, who, unlike
Plato, possess no power to reason it from the light of nature. In
contrast, we behold the sorry spectacle of the anthropoid
evolutionists of our day trying to drive from the hearts of men the
hope of immortality by their "science falsely so-called." The burial
of the dead is, no doubt, a relic, since animals, even of the monkey
tribe, do not bury their dead.

4. PLACE OF THE ORIGIN OF MAN

The unity of the human race is further proved by the fact that it
originated in one locality and not in many. The locality is the one
described by Moses. And the fact that Moses correctly located the
beginning of the race, when he himself had no personal knowledge,
proves that he was inspired and taught of God. He never could have
guessed the spot to which history and the migration of nations point,
and which the evolutionists themselves are obliged to concede.

The habitable countries of the world total 50,670,837 sq. mi. We are
making a generous estimate, when we suppose the garden of Eden to have
been 100 mi. wide and 125 mi. long,--12,500 sq. mi. There are 4005
such areas in the habitable globe. It is located in Mesopotamia on the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Maps of ancient nations show that mankind radiated from this
centre. The great nations of antiquity were clustered about it. The
beginning of the race after the flood was in the same general
locality.

Ridpath in his great history of the world, graphically shows the
migrations of races and nations. With this, even evolutionists
agree. They draw a line "according to Giddings," running through
western Asia, in the region of the garden of Eden. Since there are
4005 such areas in the habitable globe, Moses had only one chance out
of 4005 to guess the spot, if he had not been inspired of God. Anyone
guessing, might have located the origin of man in any of the countries
of Europe, Asia or Africa. This clearly demonstrates that God revealed
the truth to Moses, and that the story of creation is true and of
evolution false.

If evolution were true, there must have been, 6,000 years ago, many
heads to the race, in many places. It is incredible that there would
be but one spot where brutes became humans. There would be an
innumerable host of anthropoid brutes, in many parts of the world, in
all gradations. Who can believe that one species or one pair forged
ahead so far as to become human?

5. CIVILIZATIONS

The early civilization of man points to his creation, not his
evolution. Evolution requires many centers of civilization; creation,
only one. Of course, if man is descended from an ancient ape-like
form, and from the Primates and their brute progeny, he must have been
as uncivilized and brutish as any baboon or gorilla today, or the
apes, which, last year, horribly mangled the children at Sierra Leone.
He must have worked his way up into civilization. The records, as far
back as they go, prove that the original condition of man was a state
of civilization, not savagery. Man fell down, not up.

The recent explorations in the tomb of Tutankhamen, in Egypt, and the
more recent explorations of the tomb of a still more ancient Egyptian
monarch, show that a high degree of civilization prevailed from 2000
to 1300 B.C. The art displayed in the carvings and paintings, and the
skill of the artisans are beyond praise. They had knowledge even of
what are now lost arts. They had a written language 300 years before
Homer wrote his immortal Iliad. Yet many higher critics claim that
writing was unknown in the days of Moses and Homer. They declare that
the Iliad, a poem in 24 books, was committed to memory, and handed
down from generation to generation, 400 years with all its fine poetic
touches. Monstrous alternative! Indeed we are even told that "Many
men must have served as authors and improvers." The mob of reciters
improved the great epic of Homer! Scarcely less brilliant is the
suggestion of another higher critic that, "Homer's Iliad was not
composed by Homer, but by another man of the same name"!

The laws of Hammurabi, who is identified as the Amraphel of Scripture,
Gen. 14:1, and who was contemporary with Abraham, were in existence
many hundred years before Moses, and showed a high state of
civilization, which began many hundred years before Abraham. The
literature of China goes back to 2000 B. C. The earliest civilization
of China, Egypt, Assyria, and Babylonia, reaching to 2500 B.C., or
earlier, points to a still earlier civilization, which likely reaches
back to the origin of the human race.

It is admitted that the earliest (Sumerian) civilization began on the
Euphrates, near the garden of Eden. They had temples and priests, and,
therefore, religion prevailed as well as civilization. The first great
empires clustered around the places where Adam and Noah lived. No
other civilization recorded in any quarter reaches farther back.

We quote from the New International Encyclopedia: "The Sumerian
language is probably the oldest known language in the world. From the
Sumerian vocabulary, it is evident that the people who spoke this
language had reached a comparatively high civilization."

The monuments show that in early historical times, man was in a state
of civilization. There are no monuments of man's civilization prior to
historical time.

Higher critics have said that Moses could not have written the
Pentateuch because writing was unknown in his day. Yet Prof. A. H.
Sayce, D.D., LL.D., of Oxford University, one of the greatest
archaeologists the world ever knew, writes: "Egypt was the first to
deliver up its dead. Under an almost rainless sky, where frost is
unknown, and the sand seals up all that is entrusted to its keeping,
nothing perishes except by the hand of man. The fragile papyrus,
inscribed it may be 5,000 years ago, is as fresh and legible as when
its first possessor died.

"In Egypt, as far back as the monuments carry us, we find a
highly-developed art, a highly organized government, and a
highly-educated people. Books were multiplied, and if we can trust the
translation of the Proverbs of Ptah-hotep, the oldest existing book in
the world, there were competitive examinations, [civil service!]
already in the age of the sixth Egyptian Dynasty.... We have long
known that the use of writing for literary purposes is immensely old
in both Egypt and Babylonia. Egypt was emphatically a land of scribes
and readers. Already in the days of the Old Empire, the Egyptian
hieroglyphs had developed into a cursive hand."

From the Tel el-Amarna tablets, discovered in Upper Egypt, we know
that for 100 years people were corresponding with each other, in the
language of Babylonia in cuneiform characters. Libraries existed then,
and "Canaan in the Mosaic age, was fully as literary as was Europe in
the time of the Renaissance." Ancient Babylonian monuments testify to
the existence of an ancient literary culture. The results of the
excavations by the American Expedition, published by Prof. Hilprecht,
of the U. of Pa., show that in the time of King Sargon of Accad, art
and literature flourished in Chaldea. The region of the garden of Eden
was the pivot of the civilization of the world. From this region
radiated the early civilization of Babylonia, Assyria and Egypt. And
the advanced degree implies centuries of prior civilization. The
origin of man and the earliest civilization occurred in the same
region. Ur explorations (1927) show high art, 3000 B.C.

The earliest records show man was civilized. He lived in houses,
cities and towns, read and wrote, and engaged in commerce and
industry. To be sure, he did not have the inventions of modern
times. If all these were necessary, then there was no civilization
prior to the 20th century. Prof. J. Arthur Thompson, of Aberdeen, an
evolutionist, says: "Modern research is leading us away from the
picture of primitive man as brutish, dull, lascivious and
bellicose. There is more justification for regarding primitive man as
clever, kindly, adventurous and inventive."

It is admitted that cannibalism was not primeval. The two great
revolting crimes of barbarism, cannibalism and human sacrifices, only
prevailed when man had fallen to the lowest depths, not when he had
risen out of savagery to the heights. The assertion that man was
originally a brute, savage and uncivilized is pure fiction,
unsupported by the facts. The original civilization of mankind
supports the Bible, and upsets evolution.

6. THE MENDELIAN INHERITANCE LAW

The unity of the human race is further established by Mendel's
Inheritance Discovery on which evolutionists so much rely. G. Mendel,
an experimenter, found that when he crossed a giant variety of peas
with a dwarf variety, the off-spring were all tall. The giants were
called "dominant"; the disappearing dwarfs, "recessive". But among the
second generation of this giant offspring, giants and dwarfs appeared
in the proportion of 3 to 1. But when these dwarfs were
self-fertilized, successive generations were _all_ dwarfs. The
recessive character was not lost, but appeared again. Experiments with
flowers likewise show that the recessive color will reappear.

Also experiments with the interbreeding of animals have shown similar
results. The recessive or disappearing characteristics, or the
disappearing variety, will appear again, in some subsequent
generation, and sometimes becomes permanent. This law prevails widely
in nature, and the recessive traits appear with the dominant
traits. "If rose-combed fowl were mated with single-combed fowl, the
offspring were all rose-combed, but when these rose-combed fowl were
mated, the offspring were again rose-combed and single-combed.... If
gray rabbits were mated with black rabbits, their hybrids were all
gray, the black seemingly disappearing, but when the second generation
were mated, the progeny were again grays and blacks."--God or
Gorilla--p. 278. _The recessive character always reappears._

Apply these widely prevalent laws to dominant man and his recessive
alleged brute ancestor. The simian characteristics would appear in
some generations, if not in many. We would expect many offspring _to
have the recessive character of the ape_, and we ought not to be
surprised, if some recessive stock became permanent.

Following analogy, we ought to look for a tribe of human beings that
had degenerated into apes. That we find no such recessive
characteristics even among the most degenerate savages, and no such
ape-like tribe of human beings, is a decisive proof that man never
descended from the brute. Else such recessive characteristics,
according to the Mendelian Law, would be sure to appear. We would also
find monkeys and apes,--the recessive species--descended from man.

7. BIOMETRY

Even new sciences, founded by evolutionists, bear witness against
their theory. Mendel's Inheritance Law is one, as we have seen;
Biometry is another. It was proposed and advocated by Sir Francis
Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin. He expected it to be a great prop
to evolution; on the other hand, it is another proof of the unity of
our race in Noah's day, and hence fatal to their theory. Biometry is
defined to be the "statistical study of variation and heredity." It
bears heavily against the great age of man.

One of the leading exponents of Biometry, Dr. C.B. Davenport,
Secretary of the Eugenics section of the American Breeders'
Association concludes that "No people of English descent are more
distantly related than thirtieth cousin, while most people are more
nearly related than that." Professor Conklin, of Princeton University,
approves this conclusion, and adds, "As a matter of fact most persons
of the same race are much more closely related than this, and
certainly _we need not go back to Adam nor even to Shem, Ham or
Japheth to find our common ancestor_." Dr. Davenport, therefore,
says that the English may find a common ancestor thirty-two
generations ago; Professor Conklin admits that we need not go further
back than Noah to find a common ancestor of all mankind. Noah,
therefore, must have been the head of the race. Evolutionists admit we
need go no farther back than Noah to find the head of the race, and
the population, as we have seen, proves the same thing, and disproves
every guess they have made of the great age of man. We have descended
from Noah and not from the brute.

This same Professor Conklin says that our race began 2,000,000 years
ago (60,000 generations). How is it possible that we must go back
sixty thousand generations for a common ancestor, when thirty-two
generations will suffice for the English, and about 200 generations
since Noah, for the whole race? If we, by the laws of biometry, can
find a common ancestor in Noah, we can not possibly go back 2,000,000
years to find one. Professor Conklin's admission refutes his claim of
2,000,000 years for man. Biometry proves that age absolutely
impossible.

If the progeny of this ape-like ancestor inter-bred for many
generations,--as certainly would have been the case--then we are not
only descended from all the monkey family, the baboon, gorilla, ape,
chimpanzee, orang-utang lemur (H. G. Wells' ancestor), mongoose, etc.,
but are also related to all their progeny. Glorious ancestors! In our
veins runs the blood of them all, as well as the blood of the most
disgusting reptiles. And yet Professor H. H. Newman, an eminent
evolutionist, in a letter to the writer, says, "The evolution idea is
an ennobling one."! But biometry saves us from such repulsive
forbears, by proving it could not be so.

Biometrists find that there is a Law of Filial Regression, or a
tendency to the normal in every species, checking the accumulation of
departures from the average, and forbidding the formation of new
species by inheritance of peculiarities. The whole tendency of the
laws of nature is against the formation of new species, so essential
to evolution. The species brings forth still "after its kind." "On
the average, extreme peculiarities of parents are less extreme in
children." "The stature of adult offspring must, on the whole, be more
mediocre than the stature of the parents." Gifted parents rarely have
children as highly gifted as themselves.

The tendency is to revert to the normal in body and mind. Nature
discourages the formation of new species, evolutionists to the
contrary notwithstanding. "Like produces like" is a universal and
unchangeable law. God has forbidden species to pass their boundaries;
and, if any individual seems to threaten to do so, by possessing
abnormal peculiarities, these are soon corrected, often in the next
generation. Even Professor H. H. Newman says, "On the whole, the
contributions of biometry to our understanding of the causes of
evolution are rather disappointing." A science that upsets evolution
is certainly disappointing to evolutionists.

8. NO NEW SPECIES NOW

They tell us that 3,000,000 species of plants and animals developed
from one primordial germ, in 60,000,000 years. How many new species
should have arisen in the last 6,000 years? Now 20 doublings of the
first species of animals would make 1,048,576 species, since 2 raised
to the 20th power becomes 1,048,576. Again we will favor the
evolutionists, by omitting from the calculation all species of animals
in excess of 1,048,576. Therefore, on an average, each of the 20
doublings would take 1/20 of 60,000,000 years, or 3,000,000 years;
and, therefore, 1/2 of the entire 1,048,576 species, or 524,288
species, must have originated within the last 3,000,000 years. Can
that be the case? Certainly not.

And since the number of species must have increased in a geometrical
ratio, 2097 species must have arisen or matured within the last 6000
years--an average of one new species of animals every 3 years. How
many species actually have arisen within the last 6000 years? 2000?
200? or 2? It is not proven that _a single new species has arisen in
that time_. Not one can be named. If approximately 2000 new species
have not arisen in the last 6000 years, the evolution of species can
not possibly be true. Even Darwin says: "In spite of all the efforts
of trained observers, not one change of species into another is on
record." Sir William Dawson, the great Canadian geologist, says:
"_No case is certainly known in human experience_ where any
species of animal or plant has been so changed as to assume all the
characteristics of a new species."

Indeed, a high authority says: "Though, since the human race began,
all sorts of artificial agencies have been employed, and though there
has been the closest scrutiny, yet _not a distinctively new type of
plant or animal_, on what is called broad lines, has come into
existence."

Not a single new species has arisen in the last 6000 years when the
theory requires over 2000. Evolutionists admit this. Prof. Vernon
Kellogg, of Leland Stanford University, in his "Darwinism of Today,"
p. 18, says:--"Speaking by and large, we only tell the general truth
when we declare that no indubitable cases of species forming, or
transforming, that is, of descent, have been observed.... For my
part, it seems better to go back to the old and safe _ignoramus
standpoint_."

Prof. H. H. Newman, of Chicago University, in answer to the writer's
question, "How many new species have arisen in the last 6000 years?"
wrote this evasive reply: "I do not know how to answer your
questions.... None of us know just what a species is. [If so, how
could 3,000,000 species be counted, the number, he says,
exists?].... It is difficult to say just when a new species has arisen
from an old." He does not seem to know of a single new species within
the last 6,000 years.

The same question was asked of Dr. Osborn, of Columbia University,
N. Y. The answer by R. C. Murphy, assistant, was equally
indefinite. He wrote: "From every point of view, your short note of
Aug. 22nd raises questions, which no scientific man can possibly
answer. We have very little knowledge as to just when any particular
species of animal arose." In a later letter, he says: "I have no idea
whether the number of species which have arisen during the last 6000
years is 1 or 100,000."

Should those who "do not know" speak so confidently in favor of
evolution, or take the "old and safe _ignoramus_" standpoint, as
Prof. Kellogg suggests?

The number of existing species can not be explained upon the ground of
evolution, but only upon the ground of the creation of numerous heads
of animal and plant life, as the Scriptures declare.

We have a right to increase the pressure of the argument, by
introducing into the calculation, the total of 3,000,000 species of
plants and animals which would require 6355 new species within the
last 6000 years, or an average of more than one new species a year!
And they can not point to one new species in 6000 years, as they
confess. Dr. J. B. Warren, of the University of California, said
recently: "If the theory of evolution be true, then, during many
thousands of years, covered in whole or in part by present human
knowledge, there would certainly be known at least a few instances of
the evolution of one species from another. _No such instance is
known._"

Prof. Owen declares, "No instance of change of one species into
another has ever been recorded by man."

Prof. William Bateson, the distinguished English biologist, said, "It
is impossible for scientists longer to agree with Darwin's theory of
the origin of species. No explanation whatever has been offered to
account for the fact that, after forty years, no evidence has been
discovered to verify his genesis of species."

Although scientists have so largely discarded Darwin's theory, the
utter lack of new species in historic time, when so many are required
by _every_ theory of evolution, is a mathematical demonstration
that the whole theory of evolution must be abandoned. Q. E. D. Why do
they still insist it _may be true_?

9. MATHEMATICAL PROBABILITY

Mathematical Probability is a branch or division of mathematics by
means of which the odds in favor or against the occurrence of any
event may be definitely computed, and the measure of the probability
or improbability exactly determined. Its conclusions approximate
certainty and reveal how wild the guesses of evolutionists are.

The evolution of species violates the rule of mathematical
probability. It is so improbable that one and only one species out of
3,000,000 should develop into man, that it certainly was not the
case. All had the same start, many had similar environments. Yet
witness the motly products of evolution: Man, ape, elephant, skunk,
scorpion, lizard, lark, toad, lobster, louse, flea, amoeba, hookworm,
and countless microscopic animals; also, the palm, lily, melon, maize,
mushroom, thistle, cactus, microscopic bacilli, etc. All developed
from one germ, all in some way related. Mark well the difference in
size between the elephant, louse, and microscopic hookworm, and the
difference in intellect between man and the lobster!

While all had the same start, only one species out of 3,000,000
reached the physical and intellectual and moral status of man. Why
only one? Why do we not find beings equal or similar to man, developed
from the cunning fox, the faithful dog, the innocent sheep, or the
hog, one of the most social of all animals? Or still more from the
many species of the talented monkey family? Out of 3,000,000 chances,
is it not likely that more than one species would attain the status of
man?

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