The Maya Chronicles
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The eleventh ahau.
The ninth ahau.
The seventh ahau.
The fifth ahau.
The third ahau.
The first ahau.
The twelfth ahau.
The tenth ahau.
The eighth ahau; fighting took place in the fortress Mayapan, on
account of the seizure of the castle, and on account of the joint
government in the city of Mayapan.
The sixth ahau.
The second ahau; on the thirteenth foreigners passed, they say for
the first time, to this land, the province Yucatan; four score years
and thirteen.
The eleventh ahau.
The ninth ahau.
The seventh ahau.
The fifth ahau.
The third ahau.
The first ahau.
The twelfth ahau.
The tenth ahau.
The eighth ahau.
The sixth ahau.
The fourth ahau.
The second ahau.
The thirteenth ahau.
The eleventh ahau.
12. The eighth ahau; Mayapan was depopulated by foreigners from the
mountains; ten score years and four score years.
13. The fourth ahau; the pestilence, the general death, took place in
the fortress.
The second ahau; the smallpox took place.
The thirteenth ahau; the death of Ahpulha took place; it was the
sixth year when ended the count of the thirteenth ahau; the count of
the year was from the east, (the month) Pop passed on the fifth kan;
on the eighteenth of (the month) Zip, 9 Imix, was the day Ahpulha
died; it was the year 1536.
14. The eleventh ahau; foreigners arrived--mighty men from the east;
they came, they arrived here in this land.
The ninth ahau; Christianity began; baptism took place; also in this
katun came the first bishop Toral; the year which was passing
was--1544.
15. The seventh ahau; bishop Landa died in this katun.
16. The fifth ahau; the Fathers settled at Mani; the year that was
passing was 1550; in the year 1552 they settled upon the water.
17. 1559; this year came the auditor and built the Hospital.
18. 1560; this year arrived Doctor Quixada, the first governor here in
this land.
19. 1562; this year took place the hanging.
20. 1563; this year came Mariscal.
21. 1569; this year smallpox occurred.
22. 1610; this year those of Tekax were hanged.
23. 1611; this year the towns were written down by the Judge.
NOTES.
The entire omission of the introductory paragraph of the Mani chronicle,
with its references to the Quetzalcoatl myth, is noteworthy.
As neither chronicle begins with the beginning of an Ahau Katun, it is
obvious that some era was fixed upon in later days from which to count
the Katuns backward in time to the dawn of tradition, as well as
forward.
2. On the name _Chacnabiton_ see page 123.
3. _Canpahal_ I take to be an old form of _canchahal_ or _canlaahal_,
both of which mean to learn or learn about. On _Zian can_ see page 124.
4. I am at a loss for the exact bearing of the expression _lai tzolci
Pop_. Pop is the first month in the Maya year; _tzoolol_ is "to be
counted in order" (_Dicc. Motul_); the preterite in _ci_ would seem to
justify the rendering "since then Pop was counted in regular
succession;" (see remarks on the effect of _ci_, on page 106); in other
words, that the calendar was adopted at that time, which was also at the
beginning of an Ahau Katun, and, by the count given (supplying the
katuns not mentioned by the writer) thirty katuns, 600 years, since
their traditions began.
6. _Chuccu_, passive of _chucah_, to seize, take possession of.
_Zatahob be_, "they lost the road," probably meant, in a figurative
sense, that they were prevented by intervening unfriendly tribes from
continuing their intercourse with the western coast. _Biciob_, evidently
for _binciob_. The expression _yalan che_, _yalan haban_, _yalan ak_,
has already been explained (page 126).
13. _Ocnakuchil._ The derivation of this word is stated to be from
_ocol_, to enter, _na_, the houses, _kuch_, the crow or buzzard, the
number of the dead being so great that the carrion birds entered the
dwellings to prey upon the bodies.
In the account of Ahpula's death _ca [c]ococ_ should, I think, read _ca
ma [c]ococ_, "when not yet was ended."
FOOTNOTES:
[136-1] _Disertacion sobre la Historia de la Lengua Maya o Yucateca_, in
the _Revista de Merida_, 1870, p. 128.
[138-1] cankal.
[138-2] canlaahal.
[139-1] uinicob.
[139-2] binciob.
[142-1] uchuc.
[142-2] ximbal.
[143-1] tikaxob.
III. THE RECORD OF THE COUNT OF THE KATUNS.
_From the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel._
The village of Chumayel is about six leagues east of Mani, and within
the boundaries of the province anciently ruled by the Xiu family.
The copy of the Book of Chilan Balam which was found there was a
redaction made by an Indian, Don Juan Josef Hoil, in 1782. Like all
these volumes it is a sort of common place book, in which were copied
miscellaneous articles from much older manuscripts. One of these bears
the date 1689, but most of them have no date attached. Hoil's original
is, I believe, in the possession of the Canon Crescencio Carrillo y
Ancona, of Merida. A fac-simile copy, by the hand of the late Dr.
Berendt, is in my possession.
At the close of the volume, ff. 40-44, are found three summaries of the
ancient history of Yucatan, which are those I am about to give. They
have never been translated from the original, nor published in any form,
and they contain details of interest. They are evidently from different
sources, and are also different from those previously given.
TEXT.
U kahlay u xocan katunob uchi u chictahal u Chic[=h]een Ytza uchi lae
lay [c]iban ti cab lae uchebal yoheltabal tumen hijmac yolah yohel te ti
xocol katun lae.
* * * * *
1. VI. Uac ahau uchci u chictahal u chic[=h]een Ytza.
IIII. Can ahau lae.
II. Cabil ahau.
XIII. Oxlahun ahau tzolci pop.
XI. Buluc ahau.
IX. Bolon ahau.
VII. Uuc ahau.
V. Ho ahau.
III. Ox ahau.
I. Hun ahau.
XII. Lahca ahau.
X. Lahun ahau; paxci u chic[=h]een Ytza; uchi oxlahun uu[c] katun
cacahi chakanputun ti yotochob u katunil.
* * * * *
2. VI. Uac ahau.
IIII. Can ahau; chucci u lumil tumenob Chakanputun.
II. Cabil ahau.
XIII. Oxlahun ahau.
XI. Buluc ahau.
IX. Bolon ahau.
VII. Uuc ahau.
V. Ho ahau.
III. Ox ahau.
I. Hun ahau.
XII. Lahca ahau.
X. Lahun ahau.
VIII. Uaxac ahau; paxci chakan putunob tumenob ah Ytza uinicob ca
taliob u tzacle u yotochob tu caten; oxlahun uu[c] u katunil;
cahanob chakan putunob tic yotochob; layli u katunil binciob
ah Ytzaob yalan che, yalan haban, yalan ak, ti numyaob lae.
3. VI. Uac ahau.
IIII. Can ahau.
II. Cabil ahau.
XIII. Oxlahun ahau.
XI. Buluc ahau.
IX. Bolon ahau.
VII. Uuc ahau.
V. Ho ahau.
III. Ox ahau.
I. Hun ahau.
XII. Lahca ahau.
X. Lahun ahau.
VIII. Uaxac ahau; paxci ahYtza uinicob ti yotochob tu caten, tumen u
kebanthan hun nac ceel, tumen u uahal uahob _y_ ahYtzmal;
oxlahunuu[c] u katunil cahanobi ca paxiob tumen hun nac ceel,
tumen a [c]abal u natob ahYtzaob lae.
4. VI. Uac ahau.
IIII. Can ahau: chucci u luumil ichpaa Mayapan tumen AhYtza uinicob,
likulob ti yotoche tumenel ahYtzmalob, tumen u kebanthan - - - -
hun nac ceel lae.
5. II. Cabil ahau.
XIII. Oxlahun ahau.
XI. Buluc ahau.
IX. Bolon ahau.
VII. Uuc ahau,[TN-22]
V. Ho ahau.
III. Ox ahau.
I. Hun ahau.
XII. Lahca ahau.
X. Lahun ahau.
VIII. Uaxac ahau: uchci puc[=h]tun ychpaa Mayapan tumen u pach paa, u
pach tulum, tumen multepal ych cah Mayapan lal lae.
6. VI. Uac ahau.
IIII. Can ahau: uchci mayacimlal; uchci ocnakuchil ych paa.
II. Cabil ahau: uchci kakil nohkakile.
7. XIII. Oxlahun ahau; cimci Ahpula uacppel haab; u binel u xocol haab
ti lakin cuchie; [156-1]caanil kan cumlahci pop ti lakin he
tunte na cici pahool katun haab; hun hix cip catac oxppeli Bolon
ymix hi; u kinil lay cimci Ahpula lae napotxiu tu habil _D^o._
158 anos.
8. XI. Buluc ahau: hulciob kul uinicob ti lakin; u yah talzah; ulob u
yaxchun uay lae luumil coon maya uinice tu habil _D^o._ 1523
anos.
IX. Bolon ahau: hoppci _xpnoil_; uchci caputzihil; laytal ychil u
katunil hulci _obispo_ tora [157-1]ua; xane hauci [157-2]huytabe
tu habil _D^o._ 1546 anos.
VII. Uuc ahau: cimci _obispo de Landa_.
V. Hoo ahau.
III. Ox ahau.
TRANSLATION.
This is the Record of the count of the katuns from when took place the
discovery of Chichen Itza; this is written for the town in order that it
may be known by whoever wishes to know as to the counting of the katuns.
* * * * *
1. VI. In the sixth ahau took place the discovery of Chichen Itza.
IIII. This is the fourth ahau.
II. The second ahau.
XIII. The thirteenth ahau; Pop was set in order.
XI. The eleventh ahau.
IX. The ninth ahau.
VII. The seventh ahau.
V. The fifth ahau.
III. The third ahau.
I. The first ahau.
XII. The twelfth ahau.
X. The tenth ahau; Chichen Itza was abandoned; at this time it took
place that thirteen divisions of warriors went to Chakanputun
for houses.
* * * * *
2. VI. The sixth ahau.
IIII. The fourth ahau; the land was taken in possession by those of
Chakanputun.
II. The second ahau.
XIII. The thirteenth ahau.
XI. The eleventh ahau.
IX. The ninth ahau.
VII. The seventh ahau.
V. The fifth ahau.
III. The third ahau.
I. The first ahau.
XII. The twelfth ahau.
X. The tenth ahau.
VIII. The eighth ahau: Chakanputun was deserted by the men of Itza
when they came in search of their houses for the second time;
thirteen divisions of warriors dwelt in the houses at
Chakanputun; in this katun those of Itza were under the trees,
under the boughs, under the branches, to their misery.
3. VI. The sixth ahau.
IV. The fourth ahau.
II. The second ahau.
XIII. The thirteenth ahau.
XI. The eleventh ahau.
IX. The ninth ahau.
VII. The seventh ahau.
V. The fifth ahau.
III. The third ahau.
I. The first ahau.
XII. The twelfth ahau.
X. The tenth ahau.
VIII. The eighth ahau: the men of Itza were driven out of their houses
a second time because of the plot of Hunac Ceel, because of the
festivities with those of Itzmal; thirteen divisions of warriors
dwelt there when they were driven out by Hunnac Ceel in order
that those of Itza might know what was to be given.
4. VI. The sixth ahau.
IIII. The fourth ahau; the territory of the fortress of Mayapan was
seized by the men of Itza as also the houses by those of Itzamal
because of the plotting - - - - of Hunnac Ceel.
5. II. The second ahau.
XIII. The thirteenth ahau.
XI. The eleventh ahau.
IX. The ninth ahau.
VII. The seventh ahau.
V. The fifth ahau.
III. The third ahau.
I. The first ahau.
XII. The twelfth ahau.
X. The tenth ahau.
VIII. The eighth ahau: there was fighting in the fortress of Mayapan
because of the seizure of the fortress and the fortified town by
the joint government in the city of Mayapan.
6. VI. The sixth ahau.
IV. The fourth ahau: the pestilence took place, the general death took
place in the fortress.
II. The second ahau; the smallpox broke out.
7. XIII. The thirteenth ahau; Ahpula died the sixth year; the count of
the years was toward the east: (the month) Pop began on 4 Kan to
the east * * * * * 9 Imix was the day on which Ahpula NapotXiu
died in the year of the Lord 158.
8. XI. The eleventh ahau: the mighty men came from the East, they
brought the sickness; they arrived for the first time in this
country we Maya men say in the year 1513.
IX. The ninth ahau: Christianity began; baptism took place; also in
this katun arrived bishop Toral here; also the hanging ceased in
the year 1546.
VII. The seventh ahau; bishop Landa died.
V. The fifth ahau.
III. The third ahau.
NOTES.
The writer states, in a brief introduction, the nature and purpose of
his composition.
_U kahlay_, the record, or the memoir, from _kahal_, to remember. The
concrete meaning of the root is "to know by sight, to recognize."
_[c]iban_, past participle, passive voice, of _[c]ib_ to write: the
original signification of the word is "to paint." _Yoheltabal_, passive
form of _ohel_, to know, which is always conjugated with the pronominal
prefixes, _u_, _a_, _y_. _Yolah_, syncopated form of _u uolah_, he
wills, wishes, _uol=volo_, _uolah=voluntas_.
It will be noticed that this chronicle is not called an "arrangement" of
the katuns, _tzolan katun_, but a count or reckoning of them, _xocan_ or
_xocol_, from _xoc_, to count.
1. The count begins with the discovery of Chichen Itza, mentions that
Pop was "counted in order" at the beginning of the next following Ahau
Katun, and having stated the desertion of Chichen Itza and the migration
to Chakanputun, the chronicler draws a line, as if to separate broadly
these occurrences from those which followed.
5. The distinction between _paa_ and _tulum_ appears to be that _tulum_
is an enclosure surrounded by a defensive wall, and this wall itself;
while _paa_ is a castle, or, in Maya land, a mound or pyramid with
buildings on it erected for purposes of defence.
6. _Kakil nohkakil_, the fire, the great fire, but here in the sense of
a contagious febrile disease, probably the smallpox.
7. The text in this section is corrupt, and I leave a line untranslated.
The writer informs us, what was omitted in the previous chronicles, that
the Ahpula whose death is so carefully mentioned by all, was a member of
the Xiu family which reigned over the province of Mani. They were almost
the first of the powerful Maya nobles to make friends with the
Spaniards. The date 158 is apparently intended for 1538, or perhaps
1508, which is more consistent with the following section, but less so
with the previous chronicles.
_Kul uinicob_, as remarked on page 133, means "the mighty men," not the
"holy men," as generally translated. The term was applied to the
Spaniards. The _Dicc. de Motul_ MS. says:--"KULVINIC: muy hombre, hombre
de respeto y de hecho, y llaman asi los Indios a los Espanoles." _U yah
talzah_, they bring the sickness, probably the smallpox. _Coon_ or
_con_, 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of the irregular verb _cen_ (_cihi_,
_ciac_), to say, to tell.
FOOTNOTES:
[156-1] Canil.
[157-1] uay.
[157-2] chuytabe.
IV. THE MAYA KATUNS.
_From the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel,_
The following chronicle is stated by its writer to be distinctively
called the "Maya Katuns," and to be written for (or by) the Itzas. We
have, therefore, no longer to do with the reckoning of the subjects of
the Xiu family who ruled at Mani, but with one which emanates from the
priests of the Cocomes, who were hereditary masters of Chichen Itza. It
is evidently of different origin, although many of the same facts are
referred to in it.
TEXT.
U kahlay katunob utial ahYtzaob mayakatun u kaba lae.
* * * * *
1. Lahca ahau.
Lahun ahau.
Uaxac ahau.
Uac ahau; paxciob ahoni.
Can ahau.
Cabil ahau.
Oxlahun ahau.
Buluc ahau.
Bolon ahau.
Uuc ahau.
Hoo ahau; paxci u cah yahau ahYtzmal kinich kakmo _y_ pop hol chan
tumenel hun nac ceel.
Ox ahau.
2. Hun ahau: paxci yala ahYtza tu c[=h]icheen, tu yoxpiztun ychil hun
ahau paxci u chic[=h]een.
Lahca ahau.
Lahun ahau.
3. Uaxac ahau: u katunil he[c]ci cah yala ahYtza likul yan che yalan
haban tan xuluc mul u kaba ti likulob ca u he[c]ahob luum Zaclactun
Mayapan u kaba tu uucpiztun uaxac ahau u katunil; laix u katunil cimci
Chakanputun tumen kak u pa cal yetel tec uilue.
4. Uac ahau.
Can ahau.
Cabil ahau.
Oxlahun ahau.
Buluc ahau.
Bolon ahau.
Uuc ahau.
Hoo ahau: ulci [c]ul ti chibil uinic, yxma pic [c]ul u kaba; ma paxci
peten tumenelobi.
Ox ahau.
5. Hun ahau: paxci peten tan cah mayapan u kaba tu hunpiztun ychil hun
ahau u katunile; lukci halach uinic tutul _y_ u Batabilob cabe _y_
cantzuc culcahobe; lay u katunil paxi uincob tan cah [167-1]cauec
[167-2]chahiob u Batabilob cabe.
6. Lahca ahau te c[=h]abi Otzmal u tunile.
Lahun ahau, te c[=h]abi Zizal u tunile.
Uaxac ahau, te c[=h]abi Kancaba u tunile.
Uac ahau, te c[=h]abi hunnacthi u tunile.
7. Can ahau, te c[=h]abi atikuhe u tunilae; lay u katunil uchci
mayacimlal tu hopiztun ychil can ahau u katunil lae.
Cabil ahau, te c[=h]abi chacalna u tunile.
Oxlahun ahau, te c[=h]abi euan u tunile.
8. Buluc ahau, u yaxchun kin coloxpeten c[=h]abi u tunile; laix u
katunil cimci Ahpula Napotxiu u kaba tu hunpiztun Buluc ahau. Laix u
katunil yax hulciob espanolesob uay tac lumil lae tu uucpiztun Buluc
ahau u katunil tiix hoppi xpnoil lae tu habil quinientos diez y nueve
anos D^o 1519 a^s.
9. Bolon ahau ma c[=h]abi u tunil lae; lay katun yax ulci obispo Fray
Fran^co [168-1]to Ral, huli tu uacpiztun ychil ahBolon ahau katun lae.
Uac ahau, ma c[=h]abi u tunil lae; lay u katunil cimci Obispo e landa
lae, tii xuli uhel Obispo xani.
Hoo ahau.
Ox ahau.
TRANSLATION.
The Record of the Katuns by the men of Itza called the Maya Katuns.
* * * * *
1. The twelfth ahau.
The tenth ahau.
The eighth ahau.
The sixth ahau; the well dressed ones were driven out.
The fourth ahau.
The second ahau.
The thirteenth ahau.
The eleventh ahau.
The ninth ahau.
The seventh ahau.
The fifth ahau; the town was destroyed by Kinich kakmo, ruler of
Itzmal, and Pop Hol Chan on account of Hunnac Ceel.
The third ahau.
2. The first ahau; the remainder of the Itzas at Chichen were driven
out; on the third year in the first ahau Chichen was depopulated.
The twelfth ahau.
The tenth ahau.
3. The eighth ahau; in this katun was founded a city by the remainder of
the Itzas coming out of the woods from under the branches, from the
midst of Xuluc Mul as it is called; they came from there and established
the land called Zaclactun Mayapan, in the seventh year of the eighth
Ahau katun; in this katun perished Chakanputun by fire, which destroyed
it quickly, and suddenly consumed it.
4. The sixth ahau.
The fourth ahau.
The second ahau.
The thirteenth ahau.
The eleventh ahau.
The ninth ahau.
The seventh ahau.
The fifth ahau; foreigners came seeking men to eat; "breechless
foreigners" they were called; the country was not depopulated by them.
The third ahau.
5. The first ahau; the district in the middle of Mayapan (or Tancah
Mayapan) was depopulated in the first year of the first ahau katun;
there went forth the governor Tutul, with the chiefs of the country and
four divisions from the towns; in this katun the men in the centre of
the town (or of Tancah) were driven out, and the chiefs of the country
lost their power.
6. The twelfth ahau: the stone of Otzmal was taken.
The tenth ahau; the stone of Zizal was taken.
The eighth ahau; the stone of Kancaba was taken.
The sixth ahau; the stone of Hunnacthi was taken.
7. The fourth ahau; the stone of Ahtiku was taken; in this katun took
place the pestilence, in the fifth year in the fourth ahau katun.
The second ahau; the stone of Chacalna was taken.
The thirteenth ahau; the stone of Euan was taken.
8. The eleventh ahau: in the time of its beginning, the stone of
Coloxpeten was taken; in this katun died Ahpula Napotxiu, in the first
year of the eleventh ahau; it was also in this katun that the Spaniards
first arrived here in this land, in the seventh year of the eleventh
ahau katun; also Christianity began in the year fifteen hundred and
nineteen, the year of our Lord 1519.
9. The ninth ahau; no stone was taken at this time; in this katun first
came the bishop Brother Francisco Toral; he arrived in the sixth year of
the ninth ahau katun.
The seventh ahau; no stone was taken: in this katun died Bishop Landa;
then also ended the bishop his successor.
The fifth ahau.
The third ahau.
NOTES.
1. The writer begins with the 12th ahau, although nothing is noted until
the 6th. Here we have the brief entry _paxciob ahoni_. This might be
translated "those of Oni were driven out or scattered." But no such
locality is known or mentioned elsewhere. The _Diccionario de Motul,
MS._ gives the meaning of _ahoni_ as "pulido, galan, muy bien vestido,"
_ahoni a talel ex_, "you come very well dressed." I suppose, therefore,
that it was a term applied to some early tribe who distinguished
themselves in comparison with their ruder neighbors by elegance of
costume. Later we shall find a similar term, "breechless foreigners,"
applied to another tribe whose condition of nudity suggested their
appellation.
The name Kinich Kakmo is mentioned by Cogolludo as that of an idol
worshiped at Itzamal. He says:--"They had another temple on another
mound in the northern part of the city, and this, from the name of an
idol which they worshiped here, they called _Kinich Kakmo_, which means
the sun with a face. They say that the rays were of fire and descended
at mid-day to consume the sacrifice, as the vacamaya flies through the
air (which is a bird something like a parrot, though larger in size, and
with finely colored feathers). They resorted to this idol in time of
mortality, pestilence or much sickness, both men and women, and brought
many offerings. They said that at mid-day a fire descended and consumed
the sacrifice in the sight of all. After this the priests replied to
their inquiries about the sickness, famine or pestilence, and thus they
learned their fate; although it often turned out quite the contrary of
what he predicted." (_Historia de Yucatan_, Lib. IV, cap. VIII.)
The title given by Cogolludo to the divinity appears to have also been
adopted by the ruling chief, who may also have been the high priest. It
is both imperfectly and incorrectly translated by the historian. Its
components are _kin_, the sun, day; _ich_, the eye, the face; _kak_,
fire; _moo_, the macaw, _Psittacus Macao_, deemed sacred throughout
Mexico and Central America, on account of its beautiful plumage. The
full translation of the name is "the Eye of Day, the Sacred Bird of
Fire," a symbolic name of a solar deity.
The Chan family is mentioned by Sanchez Aguilar (_Informe contra Idolum
Cultores_, etc.), as among the princely houses of Yucatan at the date of
the Conquest.
_Paxci u cah_, "the town," that is, Chichen Itza. The writer composed
his chronicle at that place, so he does not think it necessary to name
it specifically. The distance in a straight line from Chichen Itza to
Itzamal is 40 geographical miles.
2. _Yala_, the remainder, from _ala_, above, over. A portion of the
Itzas remained in Chichen after the attack by Kinich Kakmo; these also
now leave it.
3. The place _Xuluc mul_ is unknown in the present geography of the
peninsula. It means "the completed mounds," _mul_ being, as I have
before remarked, the name given to the artificial pyramids and tumuli of
stone so common in the peninsula, probably so called from the joint
labor of many in their construction.
The province of Zaclactun-Mayapan is also unknown, although there is a
hacienda Zaclactun within the boundaries of the modern district of
Itzamal (Berendt, _Nombres geograficos en Lengua Maya_, MS.). The name
apparently means "the place where white pottery is made."
4. _Ti chibil uinic_ "for men to be eaten;" _chibil_, the passive of
_chii_, to eat. The _Diccionario de Motul_ gives _chibil bak_, flesh to
be eaten. _Pic_ was the breech cloth or waist cloth, fastened around the
waist and falling to the knees, which was the common dress of the women.
The Dictionary just quoted translates the word, "naguas de Indias que se
sirven de saya o faldellin ordinario, para cubrir desde la cintura
abajo; y son las blancas sin color ni bordado." The phrase _ixma pic
[c]ul_, foreigners without a breech cloth, intimates that they were
nude.
Who were these naked cannibals, who raided the provinces in order to
obtain their unnatural food? Those daring navigators, those naked
man-eaters, the Caribs, from whose name our word _cannibal_ is derived,
at once suggest themselves. Curiously enough, the Abbe Brasseur has
argued for the probability of their invasions upon other (though I think
insufficient) grounds (see his _Informe acerca de las Ruinas de Mayapan
y de Uxmal_). This passage of the chronicle renders his theory probable.
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