Sir Richard Henry Bonnycastle - "Canada and the Canadians"

Katherine Lee Bates (ed.) - "Ballad Book"

Dan Smoot - "The Invisible Government"

F. Scott Fitzgerald - "The Beautiful and Damned"

Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

Encyclopedia of Needlework

T >> Therese de Dillmont >> Encyclopedia of Needlework




[Illustration: FIG. 558. WORKING DETAIL OF FIGS. 556 AND 557.]

[Illustration: FIG. 559. WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 557.]

MACRAME FRINGE (figs. 560 and 561).--Entire length of the threads,
including the fringe, for No. 5 of Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 120 c/m.

[Illustration: FIG. 560. MACRAME FRINGE. MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils
D.M.C Nos. 3 to 25 or Fil a dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50. COLOURS:
Brun-Cuir 431 and 432, Bleu-Indigo 31]

1st row--knot on the threads, as in fig. 520, in the following order: 4
double blue threads, 3 single dark brown, 1 double light brown, 3 single
dark brown; then again 4 double blue, and so on.

2nd row--divide the threads into groups, so that the brown threads come
in the middle with 4 blue ones on either side. Begin on the left = cover
the 4th blue thread, which comes nearest to the first brown one, with
flat double knots, made over the 1st, 2nd and 3rd brown thread and the
light brown one = cover the 3rd blue thread with the 4 brown threads and
the 4th blue, which served as the cord in the 1st row of knots = cover
the 2nd blue thread with the 4 brown and the 4th and 3rd blue = cover
the 1st blue with the 4 brown and the 4th, 3rd and 2nd blue.

[Illustration: FIG. 561. WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 560]

In the working detail, fig. 561, the dark lines represent the blue
threads, the light ones, the brown.

When the quadruple bar, slanting from left to right, is finished, make a
similar one, from right to left, then connect the 1st and 16th thread by
a double knot and pass the first blue thread on the left over to the
right group.

2nd row--make similar groups, reversed, so that the brown knots come
next to the last blue ones and the blue knots again terminate the groups
of bars; the brown threads will be stretched flat between the preceding
group and the next.

3rd and 5th row--like the first.

4th row--like the 2nd.

[Illustration: FIG. 562. MACRAME FRINGE. MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils
D.M.C Nos. 3 to 15 or Fil a dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50.[A] COLOURS:
Ecru, or any light shade mentioned in the D.M.C colour card.[A]]

After the 5th row of groups, take 4 brown threads on either side of the
blue knots, and make them into a double chain, fig. 546, consisting of
12 knots, and make 6 flat double knots with the last threads.

Lastly, unite all the threads of one group of bars, and make them into a
handsome tassel by the addition of other threads.

MACRAME FRINGE (fig. 562).--Entire length of the threads for No. 3 of
Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 75 c/m.

1st row--Knot on the threads as in fig. 527, succeeded by a double
horizontal bar of knots.

2nd row--twisted or waved knots with 4 knots, fig. 531.

3rd row--double horizontal bar of knots.

4th row--with 6 threads: 1 double bar, slanting from left to right, and
1 bar, from right to left, joined together by the last threads.

5th row--with the 4 threads coming from the groups of bars: 1 single
chain, fig. 545, with 4 crossings of the threads, quite close to the
point where the groups meet, and 1 single chain with 7 crossings, made
with the outside threads.

6th row--similar groups of bars to those of the 4th row, but set the
reverse way and terminating in a horizontal bar. For the tassels, add a
thick bunch of threads to each group of 6 threads that issues from the
work.

[Illustration: FIG. 563. FRINGE WITH MOSAIC BORDER.

MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 8 to 30, or Fil a dentelle D.M.C
Nos. 25 to 50.

COLOURS: Ecru, Brun-Acajou 401 and Rouge-Cardinal 347.]

[Illustration: FIG. 564. KNOT OPEN.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 563.]

[Illustration: FIG. 565. KNOT SHUT.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 563.]

FRINGE WITH MOSAIC BORDER (figs. 563, 564, 565).--Entire length of the
threads for No. 8 of Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 75 c/m.

1st row--knot the threads on, as in fig. 515, one ecru and one brown
alternately, succeeded by a single horizontal bar of double knots.

2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th row--4 rows of knots, such as are seen in fig.
564, in process of being made, and in fig. 565, finished, and succeeded
by a flat knot. The colours alternate in the knots; in the 2nd and 4th
row the knot is set in the light colour, in the 3rd and 5th, in the
dark.

6th row--1 horizontal bar of double knots over a fresh cord.

7th row--lay down another cord, make another horizontal bar of knots and
between every second of the light double knots, loop on 1 red thread;
the loop, that fastens it to the cord, taking the place of the knot.

8th row--lay down a third cord, and make 2 double knots with the red
threads between the knots of ecru thread.

9th row--lay down a fourth cord, make a half knot with every red thread.

10th row--lay down a fifth cord, then make a horizontal bar of double
knots, as in the 6th row; the red threads are taken to the wrong side
and passed over. Knot the ends of the threads together in clusters of 6,
about 15 m/m. below the last cord of knots.

[Illustration: FIG. 566. MACRAME GROUND. MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils
D.M.C Nos. 15 to 30 or Fil a dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50.[A] COLOURS:
Ecru and Bleu-Indigo 322, or Vert-Perroquet 697 and Rouge-Ecarlate
498.[A]]

[Illustration: FIG. 567. SHELL BAR. WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 566.]

[Illustration: FIG. 568. OPENWORK PART OF FIG. 566.]

MACRAME GROUND (figs. 566, 567, 568).--Fill the shuttles with the
length of thread that you think will be required for the work.

1st row--knot the threads on, as in fig. 515, 4 blue and 4 ecru
alternately, and make a double horizontal bar.

2nd row--beginning in the middle, make 2 flat double knots with 8 blue
threads; with the 4 blue threads on the left, make a quadruple group of
bars over the 4 blue threads on the right. These quadruple groups of
bars, called "shell bars" are illustrated in detail in fig. 567. Unite
the blue threads at the sides by flat double knots.

The beginning and continuation of the openwork parts of the pattern are
explained in fig. 568.

The threads that issue from the last group of knots are used for making
the second shell bar, the two inner bars of which are made in ecru
cotton, and the two outer in blue. When this striped shell bar is
finished, the blue threads are again united for the openwork figure.

[Illustration: FIG. 569.

FRINGE WITH FOUNDATION WORKED ON THE WRONG SIDE.

MATERIALS: Coton a tricoter D.M.C Nos. 8 to 16, Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C
Nos. 5 to 25, Fil a pointer D.M.C Nos. 6 to 30, or Fil a dentelle D.M.C
Nos. 25 to 50.[A]

COLOURS: White, Bleu-Indigo 311 and 312 or Gris-Amadou 385,
Brun-Caroubier 356, 357.[A]]

FRINGE WITH FOUNDATION WORKED ON THE WRONG SIDE (figs. 569, 570, 571,
572).--Entire length of the threads for No. 8 of Coton a tricoter D.M.C:
80 c/m.

Knot the threads on, as in fig. 515 and after finishing the horizontal
bar, make from left to right, over the 1st thread, 1 double knot made
with the 2nd and with the 3rd thread.

Then, over the 2nd thread, which has now become the 1st, make double
knots with the 3rd, 1st, 4th and 5th thread; then, over the 3rd thread,
counting now from right to left, which in the knotting on figured as the
4th: 1 double knot with the 5th and 2nd thread.

Make the same group from right to left, only at the 3rd change of thread
make 5 double knots instead of 2, and let the last knots count for the
new group of bars, turned the opposite way.

[Illustration: FIG. 570.

OPPOSING BARS.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 569.]

[Illustration: FIG. 571.

FORMATION OF THE KNOTS ON THE WRONG SIDE.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 569.]

[Illustration: FIG. 572.

APPEARANCE OF THE KNOTS ON THE RIGHT SIDE.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 569.]

In the middle of two opposing groups of bars, make a flat double knot
with 2 of the right threads and 2 of the left.

When the second horizontal bar is finished, turn the work round, and go
on working on the wrong side, making plain double knots, as in fig. 571,
turned in one row, all from right to left, and in the next, from left to
right.

When you have worked 10 such rows of knots, begin to make one knot less
on either side of a group, so as to form pointed scallops of knots which
you finish off with a plain bar.

Tassels are then made with the threads that issue from each scallop, and
when these are sewn up, turn the work round to the right side, where the
knots, made on the wrong side, will present the appearance indicated in
fig. 572.

[Illustration: FIG. 573. MACRAME FRINGE.

MATERIALS: Coton a tricoter D.M.C No. 6, Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 3
to 25, or Fil a pointer D.M.C Nos. 10 to 30.[A]

COLOURS: Ecru, Rouge-Turc 321 and Rouge-Grenat 358 or Violet-Mauve 315
and 316, and Vert-Bouteille 494.[A]]

MACRAME FRINGE (fig. 573).--Entire length of the threads for No. 6 of
Coton a tricoter D.M.C: 65 c/m.

Knot on double threads, as in figs. 517 and 524, to count as single in
the working directions = * 1 thread of red, colour 358, 3 of ecru, 1 of
red, colour 358, 1 of red, colour 321, 3 of ecru, 1 of red, colour 321,
and repeat from *.

1st row--6 chain knots made with every 4 threads.

2nd row--a single horizontal bar of knots.

3rd row--collecting knots, fig. 530, made with the ecru threads over the
4 dark and the 4 light red ones, and flat double knots over the 4 ecru
threads.

4th row--collecting knots over 4 ecru threads with 4 red and 2 ecru
threads.

5th row--collecting knots in the centre of the groups, with the ecru
threads.

6th row--similar to the 4th.

7th row--similar to the 5th.

Then take the red threads on the right and left and twist them, each
cluster separately, from left to right between the thumb and forefinger,
as you do in making a cord, then unite them together, twisting them from
left to right. Fasten off the cord by a knot, beneath which the ends of
thread form a little tassel. Collect all the ecru threads together and
make them into a heavy tassel with the aid of supplementary threads.

[Illustration: FIG. 574.

BORDER WITH SHELL KNOTS.

MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 5 to 25.[A]

COLOURS: Vert-Mousse 471 and Rouge-Cornouille 450, or Rouge-Framboise
686 and Gris-Coutil 323.[A]]

BORDER WITH SHELL KNOTS (figs. 574, 575, 576, 577).--Fill the macrame
shuttles with the requisite length of thread. Knot the threads on, as in
fig. 520, in the following order; 1 double thread of colour 471, 6
double threads of colour 450, 2 of colour 471, 6 of colour 450, 1 of
colour 471.

From left to right and over the 1st thread: 1 double knot with the 2nd
thread; over the 4th thread of colour 450, and from right to left,
double knots with the 3rd, 2nd and 1st thread of the same colour = from
left to right: 1 double knot with the 6th thread of colour 450 over the
5th, and with the 3rd thread over the 2nd = from right to left: 5 double
knots over the 8th thread of colour 450 = from left to right: 1 double
knot over the 10th thread, 1 double knot over the 5th thread, 1 double
knot over the 1st thread = from right to left: 7 double knots over the
12th thread = from left to right: 3 detached double knots.

Then, from left to right, and subsequently from right to left = with 6
green threads: 2 double bars slanting over the 2 red threads (see the
top of fig. 577); unite the 4 red threads in the middle and make a shell
knot with them, fig. 575, consisting of 6 flat knots, fig. 576; take 2
threads on the right and 2 on the left, turn them down to the left and
right, and then from the wrong side to the right, over the threads that
come from the bars and close with a flat knot. On the sides, make
double bars and between each bar, 2 single chain knots.

[Illustration: FIG. 575. LARGE SHELL KNOT, OPEN.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 574.]

[Illustration: FIG. 576. LARGE SHELL KNOT, SHUT.

WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 574.]

[Illustration: FIG. 577. OPENWORK PART OF FIG. 574.]

Fill the empty spaces under the outside shell knots, with 9 flat double
knots; under the middle knot make bars of inter-crossed knots, of which
a clear explanation will be found in fig. 577.

To join two borders of the kind together, pass the thread of the second
border over the thread on which the bar in the middle of the outer
scallop is knotted.

FRINGE WITH SHELL KNOTS (fig. 578).--Entire length of the single
threads for No. 12 of Coton a tricoter D.M.C: 90 c/m.

[Illustration: FIG. 578. FRINGE WITH SHELL KNOTS.

MATERIALS: Coton a tricoter D.M.C Nos. 6 to 15.

COLOURS: Ecru and Rouge-Turc 321.]

The threads must be taken double, counting as one. Knot them on, as in
fig. 524. This exceedingly effective pattern is a very simple one to
work and can easily be copied from the engraving by following, for the
bars, figs. 537 to 544; for the collecting knots fig. 530, for the
large shell knots figs. 575 and 576, and for the chain of flat double
knots, fig. 536 detail _a_.

The tassels that complete the fringe must depend from the last
collecting knot and hang between the triple bars of knots and beneath
the collecting knot.

[Illustration: FIG. 579. MACRAME BORDER OR FRINGE. MATERIALS: Cordonnet
6 fils D.M.C Nos. 10 to 20, Fil a dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50, or Fil a
pointer D.M.C No. 30.[A] COLOURS: Ecru, Rouge-Turc 321 and Bleu-Indigo
312.[A]]

MACRAME BORDER OR FRINGE (fig. 579).--Entire length of the threads for
No. 10 of Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 170 c/m.

1st row--knot on the threads with double round picots, and one
horizontal double bar. The colours should succeed each other as follows:
* 4 blue scallops, 4 ecru, 5 red, 4 ecru, repeat from *.

2nd row--begin working from right to left: 1 single chain with 2 single
threads, fig. 545, and 7 changes of the threads; after the 3rd change of
the threads, connect the 2nd chain with the 3rd, the 4th with the 5th.
Finish off every 2 chains with a flat double knot.

Make, over the first blue threads; 1 waved plait, fig. 531 detail _b_, =
over the 14th ecru thread: 1 bar of double knots, 3 going and 4
returning = over the last 2 red threads: waved knots, and repeat from *
= then lay down 2 fresh cords, to make a double horizontal bar of knots.

3rd row--with the blue threads: 5 large shell knots, fig. 576, 1 triple
bar of double knots to the left and right = between the bars 9 large
shell knots = 1 triple bar of double knots to the right and left and
finish with 5 large shell knots, as above.

With the ecru threads: 3 flat double knots, 1 double horizontal bar of
knots = over the last ecru thread: 3 waved knots with 12 changes of the
threads = 1 more double bar of knots = join the cord to the outside
thread of the blue triple bar. With the red threads: 1 shell knot, figs.
576 and 577, over 12 threads; 1 double bar on both sides of the shell
knot with the outside threads, 1 single chain, consisting of 7 changes
of the threads, made with the outside red threads; join the red thread
and the light one that comes from the double bar together, on the left.

The light thread is afterwards looped into the blue thread on the right
= 4 collecting knots over 6 red threads on the right and left, 1
collecting knot over all the red threads and one, on both sides, over 6
red threads.

After joining the threads on both sides, carry on the single chain with
3 changes of the threads = over the first red thread of the left chain,
make 1 double horizontal bar with all the disengaged threads = below the
bar, 4 flat double knots = 1 single horizontal bar = 8 double knots,
each over a single thread = 1 double bar of knots.

From this point, continue with the ecru threads: 1 row of double knots,
1 double horizontal bar and 1 waved plait; then join: 2 blue threads and
2 ecru, and 2 ecru and 2 red, together, to make flat double knots; the
double knots between remain of one colour.

The bottom border is like the top one with the exception of the picots.

When this pattern is to be used for an insertion or a gimp, the threads
should be fastened off, as indicated in fig. 558.

[Illustration: FIG. 580. MACRAME BORDER. MATERIALS: Coton a tricoter
D.M.C Nos. 15 to 30, Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 10 to 30, or Fil a
dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50 and Chine d'or D.M.C[A] COLOURS: Noir grand
teint 310, Gris-Tilleul 392 and 330, Brun-Cuir 430 and 432, Bleu-Indigo
334 or Chine d'or D.M.C, Bleu et Or.[A]]

[Illustration: FIG. 581. CROSSED BAR SLANTING TO THE LEFT. WORKING
DETAIL OF FIG. 580.]

[Illustration: FIG. 582. CROSSED BAR SLANTING TO THE RIGHT. WORKING
DETAIL OF FIG. 580.]

MACRAME BORDER (figs. 580, 581, 582).--Wind the threads on shuttles
and knot them on, as in fig. 515, in the following order: 2 threads of,
either colour 334 or Chine d'or (blue and gold), 2 of colour 330, 2 of
colour 392, 1 of colour 432, 1 of colour 310, 2 of colour 430, 1 of
colour 310, 1 of colour 432, 2 of colour 392, 2 of colour 330, 2 of
colour 334, or of Chine d'or blue and gold.

Begin with the open work on either side of the crossed bars, figs. 581
and 582, with 4 blue threads and by 4 changes of the threads outwards
and 3 inwards = the same with 4 light green threads with 3 changes
outwards and 2 inwards = then with the dark green threads, with 2
changes outwards and 3 inwards = over the 4th dark green thread, 1
double knot with the 1st dark green thread with the 4th light green one
and with the 4 blue.

Over the 3 next, dark green threads, knot the 4 light green threads and
the 4 blue, from right to left, and from left to right, thus forming
altogether 8 bars across the first bar = then knot the 8 first threads
over the last dark green one = add a crossed bar with 7 changes of the
threads outwards and 5 inwards.

Middle group, left side: 1 double knot with the first light brown thread
over the second thread; 3 double knots with the black threads (the only
ones that are to be taken double) and 2 light brown threads over the 1st
and 2nd dark brown ones.

In the 2nd bar, knot the 1st dark brown thread, and in the 3rd, the 4
dark brown ones, over the black thread. On the right, a similar group,
slanting towards the one on the left.

On the left--over the 1st light brown thread coming from the right, 1
double knot, made with 2 light and 2 dark brown threads, and the black
one, all coming from the left.

On the right--over the 1st light brown thread coming from the left, 1
double knot with 1 light and 2 dark brown threads and the black one
(used double).

On the left--over the light brown thread coming from the right, 1 double
knot with one light and 2 dark brown threads and the black one.

On the right--over the light brown thread, 1 double knot with 2 dark
brown threads and the black one.

On the left--the same knots as on the right.

On the right--over the 1 dark brown thread 1 knot with 1 brown thread
and the black one.

On the left--the same knots as on the right.

On the right--over the 1st dark brown thread, 1 knot with a brown thread
and the black one.

On the left--the same knots over the last thread.

On the right--over the last brown thread one knot with the black one.

On the left--over the 4 light green threads and the 4 blue ones, double
knots with the 4 brown threads and the black one = 1 double knot with
the 1st light brown thread over the 2nd, 3 double knots over the 2nd
dark brown thread, with 2 light threads and 1 dark brown = 4 double
knots with the 2 light and the 2 dark brown threads over the black one;
after which you make 5 other bars, taking the last thread turned inwards
for the cord. Make similar groups, slanting from right to left, then,
beginning again on the left, make the knots with the 4 light green
threads over the 1st thread of the same colour running from right to
left.

[Illustration: FIG. 583. MACRAME FRINGE.

MATERIALS: Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 15 to 30, Fil a pointer D.M.C
Nos. 10 to 30, or Fil a dentelle Nos. 25 to 50.

COLOURS: Ecru and Brun-Havane 455, or Gris-Tilleul 391 and 331.]

On the right--knot 3 light green threads over the 1st thread coming from
the left and repeat the same group twice, on both sides.

The third bar forms, at the same time, the first scallop of a triple
crossed bar, which has also to be made on the right.

The two crossed bars finish with a triple group of bars; the last bar of
which, on the right, consists of only one double knot.

There remain to be made, on both sides, crossed bars with three whole
scallops inside, one outside, and one half one, top and bottom.

[Illustration: FIG. 584. WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 583.]

Knot all the other threads over the 4 blue and the 4 light green ones =
in the middle, knot the right and the left threads, alternately, till
the black threads meet at the point.

Turn the group of bars, edged with blue and light green, inwards, and
finish it off by a crossed bar, with 3 scallops inside.

MACRAME FRINGE (figs. 583 and 584).--Entire length of the threads for
No. 15 of Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 120 c/m.

1st row--knot the threads on with picots, fig. 519, 6 ecru and 6 brown.

2nd row--double and slanting bars made with 6 single threads, succeeded
by a double horizontal bar.

3rd row--begin with the light threads and make bars with double knots
between, as in fig. 577, and finish at the sides with 2 bars made with
the brown threads; for the dark brown bars, see also figs. 555, 561,
568, for the crossed bars, fig. 584.

This pattern should always end in such a manner that the light openwork
figure form the scallop and be framed with the brown knot.

[Illustration: FIG. 585. MACRAME FRINGE. MATERIALS: Coton a tricoter
D.M.C Nos. 6 to 16, Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 8 to 20, or Fil a
dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to 50.[A] COLOURS: Brun-Cuir 325 and Brun-Marron
403, 405, 407.[A]]

MACRAME FRINGE (fig. 585).--Entire length of the threads for No. 12 of
Coton a tricoter D.M.C: 96 c/m.

This pattern is so easy that we refer our readers to figs. 544 and 561
for the working of it, merely remarking, that the bars are made
alternately from right to left, and from left to right, and that 3
threads are knotted over the cord that runs from the left and 4, over
the one from the right.

This fringe will always be found most effective in appearance if it be
made in four shades of one colour, knotted on in succession.

[Illustration: FIG. 586. MACRAME FRINGE. MATERIALS: The same as for fig.
585. COLOURS: Gris-Tilleul 331 and Violet-Mauve 315 or, Bleu cendre 448
and Rouge-Cornouille 450, Bleu-Canard 3309 and Rouge-Maroquin 3328,
etc.]

[Illustration: FIG. 587. WORKING DETAIL OF FIG. 586.]

MACRAME FRINGE OR GROUND (figs. 586 and 587).--Entire length of the
threads for No. 8 of Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C: 150 c/m.

This effective pattern is not difficult, save in appearance, so that it
is unnecessary to describe it in detail; for the knotting on, see fig.
525; for the plain bars, figs. 539 to 544; for the collecting knots,
fig. 530. The only difficult point is where the threads cross each other
inside the bars and form a check and by carefully following the course
of the knots in fig. 587, that will be easily overcome.

FRINGE OR GROUND WITH PICOTS (fig. 588).--Wind the threads on shuttles
and do the knotting on, as in fig. 521, followed by a double horizontal
bar.

Leave a small space between the double bar and the 3rd bar, which is a
single one, in which you cross the threads without knotting them.

Beginning on the left--over the 2nd and 3rd thread: 2 buttonhole knots,
1 picot, 2 button hole knots = over the 1st, 2nd and 3rd thread: 1
double knot with each of the 3 next threads = over the 6th and 7th with
the 5th thread: 4 buttonhole knots with 1 picot after the 2nd knot.

With each of the 4 next threads, that is the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th: 1
flat double knot followed by: 1 bar of double knots over the 12th thread
as the cord, made with the 11th, 10th and 9th thread = add 1 bar with
the 11th thread as the cord, and the 7 next ones as the knotting threads
= add 1 bar with the 10th thread as the cord, and the 7 next ones as the
knotting threads. Leave 3 threads free on the right = with the 8 threads
on the left: 1 bar over the thread before these 3 threads = leave 3 free
again on the right = 1 quintuple bar with the remaining threads.

* 1 flat double knot with the 15th, 16th and 17th thread = with the 20th
thread, over the 19th, 18th and 17th thread: 4 buttonhole knots with 1
picot after 2 knots = knot 4 threads over the 13th thread and from left
to right = from left to right, 2 bars with all the threads **.

[Illustration: FIG. 588. FRINGE OR GROUND WITH PICOTS. MATERIALS:
Cordonnet 6 fils D.M.C Nos. 10 to 40 or Fil a dentelle D.M.C Nos. 25 to
50.[A] COLOURS: White, ecru, or any light shade mentioned in the D.M.C
colour card.[A]]

Over the 2 threads on the left and with the 3rd thread: 4 buttonhole
knots and 1 picot = with the 6 threads from the left: 2 bars consisting
of buttonhole knots and picots = a 3rd bar with 6 double knots = join it
to the last bar.

Leave 2 threads of the bar of buttonhole knots free = with the outer
thread make: 4 buttonhole knots and 1 picot over the 2nd thread and the
cord of the bar.

Repeat from * to ** along the bar, also from right to left.

Left group--knot the 3 last threads over the 4th thread and from left to
right.

Right group--make, from right to left, 1 bar consisting of 6 double
knots, over the 4th thread counting from right to left. After these last
changes of the threads no difficulty will be found in copying the rest
of the pattern.

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