Ferdinand Raimund - "Der Alpenkonig und der Menschenfeind"

Victor Hugo - "Actes et Paroles vol. II"

Aristotle - "Ethics"

M. E. Braddon - "The Golden Calf"

Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

Encyclopedia of Needlework

T >> Therese de Dillmont >> Encyclopedia of Needlework




A narrow edging forms the outside border, the foundation of which is a
row of plain stitches running all along the squares. At the middle of
the square you decrease by 2 stitches, and at the point where two
squares meet, by 3. When you reach the left side and the end of the row,
make 3 plain on the corner stitch, then: * 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 14
chain, join them to the first of the 5 first plain (drop the thread at
each scallop and bring it forward from the wrong side to the right) = on
the 14 chain: 5 plain, 1 picot, 11 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain = along the
square: 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, then 14 chain, join them to the first
plain = over the 14 chain: 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 14 chain, join
them in turning back between the 5th and 6th of the 10 plain of the 1st
scallop; 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain;
on the half-finished scallop: 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain ** = on the
plain stitches of the edge: 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain, 12 chain, come
back, join to the 1st of the 4 plain = on the 12 chain: 4 plain, 1
picot, 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain *** = repeat on the
same figure once from * to *** and once from * to **.

This makes 77 stitches, the number there ought to be on the wide side of
the straight-edged figures.

The scallops vary a little on the rounded sides. There, you should have
110 stitches, counting from the corner to the treble that marks the
middle at the bottom. The single scallops, between the triple scallops
of the border, are also all made over 8 stitches; the first triple
scallop is made over 20 stitches, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th triple scallop
over 16 stitches.

Make no single scallop after the 4th triple one; which is immediately
succeeded by the 5th triple scallop, over 16 stitches.

Altogether, round each star, there are 9 triple and 8 single scallops.
After the 8th single one, make 3 plain stitches on the 2 chain stitches
of the connecting bar.

On the 32 plain stitches of the last bar: 8 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain, 12
chain, bring them back and join to the 5th of the 8 plain = on the 12
chain: 5 plain, 2 chain, draw the loop through the picot in the middle
of the last single scallop, 2 chain, close the picot, 8 plain, 1 picot,
5 plain = in the bar: 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain, 12 chain, bring them
back and fasten them to the 1st plain = 5 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain, 12
chain, join them to the 4th plain of the 1st scallop; 5 plain, 1 picot,
8 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain = in the half-finished scallop: 4 plain, 1
picot, 4 plain = in the bar: 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain = 12 chain, bring
them back and fasten them to the 1st plain. 4 plain, 1 picot, 4 plain,
12 chain, join them close to the scallop above = 5 plain, 1 picot, 4
plain, 12 chain, bring them back and join them to the 4th plain of the
2nd scallop; 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5
plain = in each of the 2 half-finished scallops: 4 plain, 1 picot, 5
plain = finish with 4 plain, 3 plain on the 2 chain and repeat from *
round all the rounded parts.

The lozenges that fill the empty spaces between the large figures are
made in 7 rows, on a ring formed of 4 chain.

1st row--5 chain, 1 treble on the ring, 2 chain, 8 trebles in all,
including the bar of chain stitches.

2nd row--3 plain over 2 chain, 1 plain over each treble.

3rd row--7 chain, 1 treble over the treble beneath, 5 chain, 1 treble; 8
trebles in all.

4th row--* 1 plain, 1 half treble, 1 treble, 1 double treble, 1 treble
21/2 trebles long; ** repeat the reverse way to * = 1 plain on the
treble, 7 chain, miss 1 stitch, 1 plain, 1 treble, 1 double treble, 1
treble, 1 plain. Repeat twice from * to **, followed by: 9 chain, miss
1, 1 single, 1 plain, 1 half treble, 2 trebles, 1 half treble, 1 plain,
1 single ***. Repeat once from * to ***, then again from * to **, and
add 5 single all along the scallop.

5th row--9 chain * 1 plain on the top stitch of the small leaf, 7 chain,
1 treble on the middle stitch of the scallop, 7 chain, 1 treble on the
next scallop = 9 chain, 1 plain on the leaf, 9 chain, 1 treble on the
scallop, 7 chain, 1 treble on the next scallop, 7 chain and repeat once
from *.

6th row--1 plain on each stitch of the row before, 3 plain on the
points.

7th row--on each side of the lozenge 3 little scallops on 8 chain, with
3 picots and 1 picot below the scallops and between every 4 plain; the
scallops at the points extend over 4 stitches only, so that the picot
below is left out.

These lozenges are fastened on two sides to the middle picot of the
triple scallop; then, starting from the 3rd scallop of the lozenge you
make, 8 chain, join them to the middle picot of the 1st triple scallop;
coming back over the 8 chain: 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain and finish the
scallop. The next scallop, at the point of the lozenge, is fastened by a
picot of 6 chain, to the middle picot of the 6th scallop underneath the
connecting bar. Repeat the same on the 2nd side and make 6 lozenges in
all.

The lace that finishes off the collar at the neck must be made to stand
up, and is begun by a row of trebles on the plain stitches.

From the corner as far as the 2nd treble of the 4th scallop, make triple
trebles, from the 4th scallop to the 6th chain stitch after the 5th
scallop, make double trebles, from this point to the 2nd scallop of the
next semicircle, only single trebles, then again double trebles and
finish with triple trebles as at the beginning. Decrease by 2 or 3
stitches in each square.

When this row of trebles is finished, fasten off, and fasten on again on
the right and on the base of the 1st treble which you border with 4
chain, then follow: * 15 plain on the row of trebles, put the needle in
under the 2 loops of the trebles = turn the work = 2 chain, 1 double
treble, miss 4 plain, 1 double treble on the 5th stitch, 2 chain, 1
double treble, 2 chain, 1 double treble, 2 chain, miss 4 plain = turn
the work = bring the loop to the front; ** 1 plain, 1 picot, 1 plain, 1
plain on the treble; repeat 3 times again from ** and add 4 plain on
the trebles = turn the work = 6 chain, 1 double treble over the treble
beneath; again 3 times 6 chain stitches and 1 double treble; join the
4th set of 6 chain to the 4th plain = bring the thread back to the
front: 1 plain on the 6 chain = 8 chain, miss 1, and make on the others:
1 plain, 1 half treble, 2 trebles, 1 treble 11/2 treble long, 2 double
trebles, 1 plain stitch on the 6 chain. The next point comes above a
treble; you make 7 points in all. After the 7th: 5 plain, then 7 chain,
1 plain on each point between the points and join.

Join the 8th set of 7 chain on to the 4th plain of the first treble =
then add: 2 chain, draw the loop from the wrong side to the right
through the 1st plain stitch; 8 trebles, 1 picot, 4 trebles, 12 chain,
bring them back over the picot, join it between the 4th and 5th trebles;
5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain, 1 picot, 5 plain.

Over each point: 1 picot and over the picot 1 scallop, like the one made
in the square. On the 7th point only 1 picot = after the last treble on
the last chain: 2 chain; then go on with the plain stitches until you
have 27 and repeat from *.

In the semicircles that follow you leave out the first and last little
scallops, the first and the last scallop must be joined together by the
first and the last picot; in the last semicircle, make 6 little
scallops, the same as you did in the first.

CROCHET CHAIR-BACK (fig. 485).--The close leaves in plain stitch of
the large centre star, the 4 corner figures forming a cross and the
diagonal figures, all have to be made separately and sewn on afterwards
in their proper place. To join the separate parts neatly together, draw
a square the size of the work on a piece of thick paper or waxcloth,
divide it into 8 parts by means of straight and diagonal lines, sew the
separate pieces of crochet upon it, face downwards, in their proper
places and make the trebles on the wrong side of the work.

Begin by the centre star and make: 12 chain, close the ring.

1st row--23 plain on the 12 chain.

2nd row--9 chain, 1 double treble on the 2nd plain, 4 chain, 1 treble
and so on until you have 12 trebles, including the 5 chain.

3rd row--1 plain on each chain stitch and each treble; 60 plain in all.

4th row--3 plain, 1 picot, altogether 20 picots in the row, then fasten
off.

[Illustration: FIG. 485. CROCHET CHAIR-BACK. MATERIALS: Fil a dentelle
D.M.C No. 50 for the close figures and No. 120 for the connecting
bars.[A]]

The leaves round the ring have 3 petals, 1 large and 2 small; you begin
by the large one, and make the small ones afterwards. The petals should
be begun from the point and not from the bottom as is generally done--30
chain; coming back: 4 single, 4 plain, 5 half trebles, 8 trebles, 4 half
trebles, 4 plain stitches, 3 plain on the 1st chain = on the second side
of the chain make the same number of stitches but in the reverse order.

Small petal on the left--21 chain, miss 1, 5 plain, 3 half trebles, 5
trebles, 3 half trebles, 3 plain, 3 plain on the top. Repeat the same
series of stitches in the reverse order on the second side = at the 10th
stitch of the large petal and counting upwards from below, draw the
thread through the 10th stitch of the small petal, and do the same
through the 9 next stitches = for this purpose drop the loop each time
and draw it back through the opposite stitch, from the wrong side to the
right. After making the same petal on the right, fasten off; fasten on
again at the outer edge and edge the 3 petals with 1 plain on each
stitch and 3 plain on the stitch at the point; make 4 leaves with 3
petals each.

Between the pointed leaves, which are afterwards placed on the diagonal
line of the square, come some very long leaves which are rounded towards
the top--29 chain, miss 1, 5 plain, 2 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd of the
chain stitches; carry on the trebles until you have, on coming to the
last chain, 7 trebles = turn the work and make 1 plain on each stitch of
the row = turn the work = 1 plain on every stitch all round = turn the
work = * 9 plain, 4 half trebles, 3 trebles, 2 double trebles, join the
last loops of the 2 last trebles together; set the 20th and 21st double
treble on the same stitch = the 20th treble 21/2 trebles long; the 21st a
triple treble = on the next plain stitch; 1 treble 31/2 trebles long and 1
quadruple treble = again on the next stitch: 2 trebles, the first of
them 41/2 trebles long, the 2nd a quintuple one = on the 3rd plain: 2
quintuple trebles, 4 chain, 1 plain on the plain stitch of the 2nd row
and next to the last quintuple treble, 1 half treble, 1 treble, 2 double
trebles on one stitch, 2 triple trebles on one stitch **, 1 quadruple
treble on the 2 next stitches. Repeat from ** to *, therefore in the
reverse order.

To make the large star which is the first of the figures placed on the
diagonal line, make: 4 chain, close the ring.

1st row--10 chain,* 1 double treble on the 4 chain, 5 chain. Repeat 4
times from *, 6 trebles in all.

2nd row--over 5 chain: 1 half treble, 1 treble, 1 treble 11/2 treble long,
1 double treble, 1 treble 21/2 trebles long **, 1 triple treble. Repeat
once from ** to * and 5 times from * to **.

3rd row--1 plain on each stitch of the 2nd row.

4th row--3 plain, 1 picot, 2 plain, * 2 chain, 1 picot, 5 chain, miss 1
= coming back: 4 plain, 1 picot, 2 plain = on the plain stitches of the
3rd row: 2 plain, 1 picot, 3 plain. Repeat from *, with this difference
that the trebles that are placed over the half trebles of the 2nd row
must begin with 3 chain. Make, altogether, 12 long bars, 6 of them
beginning with 2 chain and 6 with 3; these bars remain empty; after the
12th you fasten off.

5th row--fasten on the thread to the top stitch of a treble, 11 chain, 1
plain. Repeat this series 11 times.

6th and 7th row--1 plain on each stitch of the 5th row, then 1 plain on
each stitch of the 6th row.

8th row--over 9 bars and 8 spaces: 3 plain, 1 picot, 3 plain and so on.
Add nothing further to the 2 rows of plain stitches of the 10th, 11th
and 12th picots.

For the second star of the corner figure 4 chain, close.

1st row--8 chain, 1 treble, * 5 chain, 1 treble. Repeat 3 times from *;
5 trebles in all, including the chain stitches.

2nd row--* 1 chain, 1 half treble, 1 treble, 1 treble 11/2 treble long, 1
double treble, 1 triple treble **. Repeat from ** to *, and the whole
series 4 times.

3rd row--* 1 chain, 3 plain, 1 picot, 2 plain, 2 chain, 1 picot, 4 chain
= coming back, 4 plain on the 4 chain, 1 picot, 2 chain = on the
stitches of the 2nd row: 2 plain, 1 picot, 2 plain, 3 chain, 1 picot, 5
chain, miss 1, 4 plain = coming back: 1 picot, 3 plain. Repeat 4 times
from *, fasten off.

4th row--fasten on at the point of one of the bars and make from one bar
to the other: 9 chain, 1 plain on each bar.

5th row--1 plain on each stitch of the last row.

6th row--1 plain on each stitch of the last row and join the 4 last
stitches to the 4 that are under the 11th treble of the 1st star, taking
care to put the trebles one above the other.

The 3rd star also begins with 4 chain formed into a ring.

1st row--8 chain, 1 treble, 5 chain, 1 treble, 5 chain, 1 treble, 5
chain, join them to the 4th of the 8 chain.

2nd row--2 chain, * 1 half treble, 1 treble, 1 treble, 11/2 treble long, 1
double treble **. Repeat from ** to * and then, 3 times from * to **.

3rd row--1 plain on each stitch of the 2nd row.

4th row--1 chain, 2 plain, * 1 picot, 3 chain, 1 picot, 5 chain. Repeat
3 times from *; after the 8th picot: 3 chain.

5th row--15 chain, 1 triple treble on the 5th and on the 2nd plain
stitch between 2 picots, 9 chain, 1 triple treble and so on. Altogether,
including the chain stitches, 8 trebles and 8 times 9 chain; join to the
7th chain.

6th and 7th row--1 plain on each stitch of the previous row; join the 4
last stitches again to the 4th stitch of the 2nd star and fasten off.

The open work border is made from the 1st large star, beginning near the
9th treble at the point where the picots leave off. After fastening on
the thread: 5 chain, miss 2 plain, 1 plain on the 3rd = at the point
where the circles meet, miss 3 or 4 stitches on each side and carry the
treble over the indent of the scallop.

After finishing the picots of chain stitches on the two sides and as far
as the 3rd treble of the large star, fasten off; fasten on again on the
right of the large star: 4 chain, 1 plain on the 3rd chain; put the
needle only through the 2 upper loops of the chain stitch; in the
indent, connect 3 picots by 1 chain stitch; 2 chain and 1 plain between
the next plain stitches. Fasten off. The 2 next rows both begin on the
right and consist of plain stitches only; in the indent of the rings
join 3 stitches of the preceding row together by 1 plain.

The 5 leaves over the circles--Begin with the middle and largest one--25
chain, miss 1, 3 plain, 2 chain, miss 2, 1 treble, 2 chain and so on, 7
trebles in all = turn the work = 1 plain on each stitch, passing under
only 1 loop of the stitches = on the stitch you missed: 3 plain; on the
second side: 1 plain on each stitch = turn the work = do as in the last
row = turn the work = do as in the 2 last rows, excepting as regards the
5 last stitches which you leave untouched = turn the work = 15 plain, *
1 chain = turn the work = 12 plain = turn the work = 12 plain on the 12
plain and on all those you missed **. Fasten off the thread. On the 2nd
side of the leaf: draw the thread through the 6th stitch, counting
upwards from below and on the side that is not indented, 15 plain and
repeat from * to ** = then make: 1 row of plain, putting the needle
through both the loops of the lower stitches = at the points of the
leaves: 3 plain, in the indents of the leaves miss 1 stitch.

First leaf on the right of the large leaf--25 chain, miss 1, 3 plain, 1
chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain; 7 trebles in all = turn the work = 1
plain on each stitch, 18 stitches altogether, to the corner stitch; 3
plain on the corner stitch. The 2nd side is worked like the 1st.

Add 3 more rows of plain stitches and increase 3 plain on the stitch at
the point = in the 3rd row leave the 5 last stitches empty = turn the
work = 11 plain, 1 chain = turn the work = 11 plain and 5 plain on the 5
stitches that were passed over; fasten off.

On the opposite side fasten on the thread on the wrong side at the 8th
stitch counting from the point: 12 plain, 1 chain = turn the work = 12
plain = turn the work = make plain stitches up to the end of the leaf
and border it, like the large leaf, with plain stitches = join the 8
first stitches to the corresponding ones in the large leaf = make 4
leaves all alike.

2nd leaf on the left--19 chain, miss 1, 3 plain, 2 chain, 1 treble on
the 2nd chain; 7 trebles in all = turn the work = 1 plain on each of the
preceding stitches, 3 plain on the stitch at the point = turn the work =
1 row of plain stitches = turn the work = 1 row of plain = turn the work
= 1 row of plain, excepting on the last 7 stitches = turn the work = 14
plain, 1 chain = 3 more rows to and fro with 11 plain; fasten off, and
fasten on again on the 2nd side at the 6th stitch counting from below: 2
rows of 11 plain and 1 row to the end of the leaf = then encircle this
leaf, like the others with plain stitches, join the 8 last stitches to
the last 8 of the large leaf = make 4 leaves all alike.

3rd leaf on the right--18 chain, miss 1, 2 plain, 1 chain, 1 treble on
the 3rd chain, 5 trebles in all = turn the work = 4 rows of plain
worked to and fro; on the stitch at the point: 3 plain = after the 4th
row: 4 trebles, 8 plain, 1 chain, 4 plain, 1 chain, 4 plain, 1 chain,
then plain stitches to the end = fasten off. On the second side, fasten
on to the 6th stitch counting downwards from the top: 9 plain = coming
back: 3 plain, 1 chain, 7 plain = coming back: 7 plain, 1 chain = then
to the end of the leaf, 1 plain on each stitch.

3rd leaf on the left--14 chain, miss 1, 2 plain, 2 chain, 1 treble, 2
chain, 1 treble, 2 chain, 1 treble, 2 chain, 1 treble; 4 rows of plain
all round, 3 plain on the stitch at the point, and 3 plain on the added
stitch. After the 4th row: 14 plain = turn the work = 10 plain = turn
the work = 3 single, 7 plain = coming back: 7 plain = coming back again:
7 plain; after the last plain, 1 single on each plain up to the top =
fasten off.

On the second side of the leaf: 9 plain = turn the work = 5 plain = turn
the work = 5 plain, 1 single on each of the remaining stitches = turn
the work = surround the whole leaf with plain stitches; 3 plain on each
stitch at the point; join the 8 last stitches to the 8 last of the 2nd
leaf.

Branch on the right and 1st leaf--28 chain, miss 1, 4 plain, 1 chain, 1
treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1
treble 11/2 treble long on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 treble 11/2 treble long
on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 half
treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, miss 2 stitches, 5 plain = on the
second side of the chain: * 1 plain on each stitch, 3 plain on the 2nd
of the missed stitches. Repeat 3 times from *. After the 4th row of
plain: 6 chain = turn the work = 1 row of plain on both sides and plain
stitches on the 6 chain; fasten off the thread. Counting back the last
stitches, fasten on the thread at the 18th stitch, make one more row of
plain, fasten off.

2nd leaf of the branch--22 chain, miss 1, 3 plain, 1 chain, 1 half
treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1
treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 half treble on the 3rd chain, 1
chain, 1 plain on the 3rd chain, 1 plain on each of the remaining
stitches; 4 rows of plain, to and fro, in each of the stitches of the
last row. The rows touch, and therefore encircle the leaf.

3rd leaf--16 chain, miss 1, 2 plain, 1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain,
1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain, 1 chain, 1 treble on the 3rd chain,
1 plain on each of the remaining stitches, 4 rows of plain, to and fro
round the leaf; 3 plain on the stitch at the top of the leaf and 3 on
the one at the bottom.

When these 3 leaves are finished, join them together on the wrong side
so that the end of the 2nd leaf is parallel with the last treble of the
1st leaf, and the end of the 3rd leaf parallel with the 1st of the last
plain stitches of the 2nd leaf. Having sewn these 3 leaves together,
carry on the plain stitches with the thread of the 3rd little leaf over
the two others. Fasten off the thread, join it on again at the 10th
plain stitch of the 3rd little leaf, counting the stitches downwards
from the top = 40 chain, 1 single on the 34th chain = on the ring: 10
plain, 1 plain each chain and 1 plain on each stitch of the leaves =
then, make 3 more rows of plain and 2 plain on every second stitch of
the 10 stitches in the ring.

Having reached the chain stitches, fasten on the thread, turn the work
and continue the other rows. When the rows of plain stitches are
finished, draw a thread through the chain stitches and pull them gently
together.

Branch on the left and 1st leaf--22 chain, miss 1, 3 plain, 2 chain, 1
treble on the 2nd chain, 2 chain, 1 treble 11/2 treble long, 2 chain, miss
1, 1 treble, 11/2 treble long, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1,
1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 plain on each of the remaining stitches.
The remainder the same as for the right leaf.

2nd leaf--16 chain, miss 1, 2 plain, 2 chain, 1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1,
1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain,
miss 1, 1 plain on each of the remaining stitches. The rest the same as
for the right leaf.

3rd leaf--12 chain, miss 1, 2 plain, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain,
miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 treble, 2 chain, miss 1, 1 plain on
each of the remaining stitches. The remainder, as well as the little
ring, the same as for the right leaf. Make altogether 4 leaves for the
right side and 4 for the left.

Calyx of the small flowers.--11 chain = turn the work = 1 plain on the
first 5 chain, 3 plain on the 6th chain, 1 plain on the 5 other chain =
turn the work = * 2 chain, 1 treble on the 1st plain, 1 chain, 1 treble,
1 chain, 1 treble, 1 chain, ** 3 trebles on the second of the 3 plain,
on the 6th chain, repeat once from ** to * = turn the work = 1 plain on
each of the preceding stitches, 3 single on the added stitch = turn the
work = 1 single on the first 2 plain; plain stitches as far as the
middle stitch; 13 chain, miss 1, 1 plain on each chain stitch, 6 plain,
2 single. Fasten off. Make 8 calices in all.

Small flowers of three different sizes--Make altogether, 24 large, 12 of
medium size, and 16 small.

For the large flowers--18 chain, close the ring, 24 plain on the 18
chain; 1 plain on every stitch of the preceding row and 1 picot after
every second plain stitch. Join the first and the last picots of 2 large
flowers to the calyx, the 2nd and the 3rd picots of one large flower to
the 10th and 11th picots of the other. Join the 1st and 11th picots of
the 3rd flower to the 8th picot of the first and to the 5th of the
second flower.

For the medium-sized flowers--14 chain, close the ring = 20 plain on the
ring, then a second row of plain with 1 picot after every second plain
stitch.

These flowers connect the centre figure with the corner one.

For the small flowers--10 chain, close the ring = 16 plain on the ring,
then a second row of plain stitches with a picot after every second
stitch. Sew the medium-sized flowers and the small ones to the big ones
with overcasting stitches.

As regards the bars of chain stitches that complete the pattern they can
easily be copied from the illustration.

FOOTNOTES:

[A] See at the end of the concluding chapter, the table of numbers and
sizes and the list of colours of the D.M.C threads and cottons.





[Illustration: TATTED INSERTION.--DOUBLE KNOTS, SINGLE PICOTS AND
JOSEPHINE PICOTS.]




Tatting.


On account of a similarity in their construction, a chapter on tatting
seems to form a natural sequence to the one on crochet and is in some
ways a preparation for that on macrame which succeeds it.

The English name of tatting is said to be derived from "tatters" and to
denote the frail disconnected character of the fabric. By the Italians
it was formerly called "occhi", whilst in the East it still bears the
name of "makouk", from the shuttle used in making it.

In the eighteenth century, when tatting was in great vogue, much larger
shuttles than our present ones were used, because of the voluminous
materials they had to carry, silk cord being one.

SHUTTLES.--The tatting shuttle consists of two oval blades of either
bone, ivory, mother of pearl or tortoise-shell, pointed at both ends,
and joined together in the middle. A good shuttle contributes materially
to the rapid and perfect execution of the work and attention should be
paid in its selection to the following particulars: that it be not more
than 7 c/m. long and 2 or 3 c/m. wide: that the two ends be close enough
to prevent the thread from protruding; this is more especially important
in tatting with two shuttles and lastly, that the centre piece that
joins the two oval blades together should have a hole bored in it, large
enough for the thread to pass through.

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