The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead, Volume I (of 3)

S >> Sir James George Frazer >> The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead, Volume I (of 3)

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Brett, Rev. W. H., 35 _sqq._

Brewin, an evil spirit, 45

Brittany, burial custom in, 458

Brothers-in-law in funeral rites, 177

Brown, Rev. Dr. George, 48, 395

Buandik, the, 138

Buckley, the convict, 131

Buginese, burial custom of the, 461

Bugotu, 350, 352;
in Ysabel, 372, 379

Building king's house, men sacrificed at, 446

Bukaua, the, of German New Guinea, 242, 256 _sqq._

Bull-roarers, 243;
used in divination, 249;
described, 250;
used at initiation of young men among the Yabim, 250 _sqq._;
among the Kaya-Kaya, 255;
at initiation among the Bukaua, 260 _sq._;
associated with the spirits of the dead, 261;
at initiation among the Kai, 263, 291;
at initiation of young men among the Tami, 301, 302

Bulotu or Bulu, the land of the dead, 462, 463

Bundle, the fatal, 472;
story of, 77 _sq._

_Bures_, Fijian temples, 439

Burial different for old and young, married and unmarried, etc., 161
_sqq._;
and burning of the dead, 162 _sq._;
special modes of, intended to prevent or facilitate the return of the
spirit, 163 _sqq._;
second, custom of, 166 _sq._;
in trees, 203;
in island, 319;
in the sea, 347 _sq._

---- customs of the Australian aborigines, 144 _sqq._;
in Tumleo, 223;
of the Kai, 274;
of the New Caledonians, 326 _sq._, 339 _sq._;
in New Ireland, 397 _sq._;
in the Duke of York Island, 403.
_See also_ Corpse, Grave

---- -grounds, sacred, 378

Buried alive, old people, 359 _sq._

Burma, 75

Burning and burial of the dead, 162 _sq._

---- bodies of women who died in childbed, 459

Burns inflicted on themselves by mourners, 154, 155, 157, 327, 451

Burnt offerings to the dead, 294

---- sacrifices, reasons for, 348 _sq._;
to ghosts, 366, 367 _sq._, 373

Burying alive the sick and old, Fijian custom of, 420 _sqq._

---- people in their birthplaces, 160

Bushmen, 65

_Buwun_, deities, 296

Caffres of South Africa, their beliefs as to the causes of death, 55
_sq._

Calabar, poison ordeal in, 52

California, Indians of, 68

Calling back a lost soul, 312

Calm and wind produced by weather-doctors, 385 _sq._

Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, 171, 191

Canaanites, the heathen, 154

Canadian Indians, burial custom of the, 454

Canarium nuts, first-fruits of, offered to ghosts, 368 _sq._

Cannibal feasts in Fiji, 446

Cannibals fear the ghosts of their victims, 396

Canoe, men sacrificed at launching a new, 446 _sq._

Canoes, Papuan, 220

Cape Bedford in Queensland, 129, 130, 131

---- King William in German New Guinea, 218, 238

Carnac in Brittany, 438

Catching soul in a scarf, 412 _sq._

Cause, Hume's analysis of, 18 _sq._

Causes, the propensity to search for, 17 _sq._;
two classes of, 22

Caves used as burial-places or charnel-houses, 330 _sqq._

Celebes, Central, 72

Central Australia, aborigines of, their ideas as to natural death, 46
_sq._;
their ideas as to resurrection, 68;
their belief in immortality, 87 _sqq._;
their belief in reincarnation of the dead, 92 _sqq._;
their attitude towards the dead, 124 _sqq._

Cereals unknown to Melanesians and Polynesians, 408

Ceremonial impurity of manslayer, 229 _sq._

Ceremonies performed in honour of the Wollunqua, a mythical water-snake,
108 _sqq._;
dramatic, to commemorate the doings of ancestors, 118 _sqq._;
funeral, of the Torres Straits Islanders, 176 _sqq._
_See also_ Dramatic Ceremonies, Dramatic Representations, Funeral
Ceremonies, Totems

Chameleon in myths of the origin of death, 60 _sqq._

Chams of Annam, 67

Charms imparted by dead in dreams, 139

Charnel-houses, 221 _sq._, 225, 328

Cheating the devil, 460

Chepara, the, 139

Cheremiss of Russia, burial custom of the, 457

Cherokee Indians, 77

Chief, spirit of dead, a worshipful ghost, 352

Chief's power in Central Melanesia based on a fear of ghosts, 391

Chiefs deified after death, 369

Chiefs' authority based on their claim to magical powers, 395

Chieftainship, rise of, 141

Childbed, treatment of ghosts of women dying in, 358;
special fear of ghosts of women dying in, 458 _sqq._

Childless women, burial of, 458

Children, Central Australian theory of the birth of, 93 _sq._;
belief of Queensland natives as to the birth of, 128

Children buried in trees, 161, 312 _sq._;
stillborn, burial of, 458

Child-stones, 93 _sq._

Chingpaws of Burma, 75

_Choi_, disembodied human spirits, 128

Chukchansi Indians, 163

_Churinga_, sacred sticks or stones, 96 _sqq._

Circumcision as initiatory rite of young men, 233;
among the Yabim, 250 _sqq._;
among the Akikuyu, 254;
among the Bukaua, 260 _sq._;
among the Kai, 290 _sq._;
among the Tami, 301 _sq._;
as a propitiatory sacrifice, 426 _sqq._

Clans, totemic, 104

Clay, widow's body smeared with, 223

Cleanliness due to fear of sorcery, 386 _sq._, 414

Cleft stick used in cure, 271

Clercq, F. S. A. de, 316

Cloth and weapons offered to ancestral spirits, 430 _sq._

Clubhouses for men, 221, 225, 226, 243, 256 _sq._, 355

Cochinchina, 74

Coco-nut trees of dead cut down, 208, 209, 327;
stones to blight, 335

---- -nuts tabooed, 297

Codrington, Dr. R. H., 54 _sq._, 344, 345 _sq._, 353, 355, 359, 362
_sq._, 368, 380 _sq._

Collins, David, 133

Commemorative and magical ceremonies combined, 122, 126

Commercial habits of the North Melanesians, 394

Communal houses, 304

Communism, temporary revival of primitive, 436 _sq._

Comparative and descriptive anthropology, their relation, 230 _sq._

Comparative method applied to the study of religion, 5 _sq._;
in anthropology, 30

Compartments in land of the dead, 244, 354, 404

Competition as a cause of progress, 89 _sq._

Conception in women, Central Australian theory of, 93 _sq._;
belief of Queensland natives concerning, 128

Conception of death, the savage, 31 _sqq._

Concert of spirits, 340 _sq._

Confession of sins, 201

Congo, natives of the, their ideas as to natural death, 50;
worship of the moon on the, 68

Consecration of manslayers in Fiji, 448 _sq._

Consultation of ancestral images, 308 _sqq._

Continence, required in training yam vines, 371

Continuance of death, myth of the, 472

Contradictions and inconsistencies in reasoning not peculiar to savages,
111 _sq._

Convulsions as evidence of inspiration, 443, 444

Co-operative system of piety, 333

Coorgs, the, 163

Cord worn round neck by mourners, 241, 242, 249, 259, 361

Corpse inspected to discover sorcerer, 37, 38, 53 _sq._;
dried on fire, 135, 184, 249, 313, 355;
tied to prevent ghost from walking, 144;
mauled and mutilated in order to disable the ghost, 153;
putrefying juices of, received by mourners on their bodies, 167, 205;
carried out feet foremost, 174;
decked with ornaments and flowers, 232;
painted white and red, 233;
crowned with red roses, 233, 234;
stript of ornaments before burial, 234, 241;
kept in house, 355;
property displayed beside the, 397;
persons who have handled a corpse forbidden to touch food with their
hands, 450 _sq._;
carried out of house by special opening, 452 _sqq._

Corpses mummified, 313;
of women dying in childbed burnt, 459

Costume of mourners, 184, 198, 241 _sq._;
of widow and widower, 204

Costumes of actors in dramatic ceremonies concerned with totems, 119
_sqq._

Crabs in myth of the origin of death, 70

Cracking joints of fingers at incantation, 223

Creator, the, and the origin of death, 73

Crocodiles, transmigration of dead into, 245

Cromlechs, 438

Crops, ghosts expected to make the crops thrive, 259, 284, 288 _sq._

Cross-questioning a ghost by means of fire, 278

Cultivation of the ground, spirits of ancestors supposed to help in the,
259

Culture, advance of, among the aborigines of South-Eastern Australia,
141 _sq._, 148 _sq._;
advanced, of the Fijians, 407

Cursing enemies, 370, 403, 404

Cutting down trees of the dead, 208, 209

Cuttings of the flesh in honour of the dead, 154 _sqq._, 183, 184 _sq._,
196, 272, 327, 359

Dance of death, 185 _sqq._

Dances as funeral rites, 179 _sqq._, 200;
masked, of the Monumbo, 228;
masked, of a Secret Society, 233;
at deaths, 293 _sq._;
of masked men in imitation of spirits, 297;
at festivals, 316;
at festivals of the dead, 321;
at funeral feasts, 399

---- and games at festivals, 226

Dark, ghosts dreaded in the, 197, 283, 306, 467;
female mourners remain in the, 360

Daula, a ghost associated with the frigate-bird, 376

Dawson, James, 42, 142, 143

Dazing a ghost, 416

Dead, worship of the, 23 _sqq._, 31, 328 _sqq._, 338;
seen in dreams, 27;
belief in the reincarnation of the, 92 _sqq._, 107;
spirits of, associated with conspicuous features of the landscape,
115 _sqq._;
reincarnation of the, 124 _sq._, 127 _sqq._;
souls of the, supposed to go to the sky, 133 _sq._, 135, 138 _sq._,
141, 142;
souls of the, supposed to be in stars, 134, 140;
names of the, not mentioned, 135;
magical virtue attributed to the hair of the, 137 _sq._;
appear to the living in dreams, 139, 195, 213, 229;
attentions paid to the, in regard to food, fire, property, etc.,
144 _sqq._;
property of, deposited in grave, 145 _sqq._;
motive for destroying the property of the, 147 _sq._;
economic loss entailed by sacrifices to the, 149;
incipient worship of the, in Australia, 149, 150;
feared, 152 _sq._, 173 _sqq._, 196 _sq._, 201, 203, 244, 248;
cuttings of the flesh in honour of the, 154 _sqq._, 183, 184 _sq._,
196, 327, 359;
thought to be strengthened by blood, 159;
disposed of in different ways according to their age, manner of death,
etc., 161 _sqq._;
fear of the, 168;
germs of a worship of the, in Australia, 168 _sq._;
destruction of the property of the, 174;
land of the, 175 _sq._, 192, 193, 194 _sq._, 202, 203, 207, 209 _sq._,
211 _sqq._, 224, 228 _sq._, 244, 260, 286 _sq._, 292, 299, 305 _sq._,
307, 322, 326, 345, 350 _sq._, 353 _sq._, 404 _sqq._, 462 _sqq._;
personated by masked men, 176, 179 _sq._, 182 _sq._, 185 _sqq._;
food offered to the, 183, 211, 214, 232, 241, 332, 338, 348 _sq._,
364 _sq._, 367 _sq._, 372 _sq._, 396 _sq._, 429, 442, 467;
elements of a worship of the, in Torres Straits, 189;
laid on platforms, 199, 203, 205;
worshipped in British New Guinea, 201 _sq._;
prayers to the, 201 _sq._, 214, 259, 288, 307, 329 _sq._, 332 _sqq._,
340, 376 _sq._, 401, 403 _sq._, 427, 441;
names of, not mentioned, 210, 246;
monuments of the, 225;
offerings of hunters and fishers to the, 226;
oracles of the, 235;
buried in the house, 236, 347, 352, 397, 398, 399;
offerings to the, 239, 276, 292, 298;
transmigrate into animals, 242, 245;
spirits of the, give good crops, 247 _sq._;
elements of a worship of the dead among the Yabim, 255;
spirits of the, believed to be mischievous, 257;
ancestors supposed to help in the cultivation of the ground, 259;
first-fruits offered to the, 259;
buried under houses, 259;
envious of the living, 267, 381;
burnt offerings to the, 294;
predominance of the worship of the, 297 _sq._;
power of the, over the living, 298, 306 _sq._, 307;
sacrifices to the, 307, 338;
wooden images (_korwar_) of the, 307 _sqq._, 315, 316 _sq._, 321, 322;
buried in island, 319;
festival of the, 320 _sq._;
medicine-men, inspired by spirits of the, 322;
spirits of the, embodied in their skulls, 338;
spirits of the, identified with white men, 342;
buried in the sea, 347 _sq._, 397;
relics of the, preserved, 348;
bodies of the, preserved for a time in the house, 351;
represented by wooden stocks, 374, 386;
burned in New Ireland, 397;
carried out of house by special opening, 452 _sqq._
_See also_ Ghost

Dead kings of Uganda consulted as oracles, 151

Death, the problem of, 31 _sqq._;
the savage conception of, 31 _sqq._;
thought to be an effect of sorcery, 33 _sqq._;
by natural causes, recognised by some savages, 55 _sq._;
myths of the origin of, 59 _sqq._;
personified in tales, 79 _sqq._;
not regarded as a natural necessity, 84 _sqq._;
the second, of the dead, 195, 286, 299, 345, 350, 351, 354;
attributed to sorcery, 249;
violent, ascribed to sorcery, 268 _sq._;
myth of the continuance of, 472

Death and resurrection at initiation, ceremony of, 431, 434 _sq._;
pretence of, at initiation, 254 _sq._, 261, 302

Death-dances, 293 _sq._;
of the Torres Straits Islanders, 179 _sqq._

Deaths from natural causes, disbelief of savages in, 33 _sqq._;
attributed to sorcery, 136, 203;
set down to sorcery or ghosts, 203, 268, 270

Deceiving the ghost, 237, 273, 280 _sqq._, 328

Deceiving the spirits, 298

Deification of the dead, 24, 25;
of parents, 439

Deity consumes soul of offering, 297

Demon carries off soul of sick, 194

Demons as causes of disease and death, 36 _sq._

Demonstrations, extravagant, of grief at a death, dictated by fear of
the ghost, 271 _sqq._

Dene or Tinneh Indians, their ideas as to death, 39 _sq._

Departure of ghost thought to coincide with disappearance of flesh from
bones, 165 _sq._

Descent of the living into the nether world, 300, 355

Descriptive and comparative anthropology, their relation, 230 _sq._

Descriptive method in anthropology, 30

Desertion of house after a death, 195, 196 _n._ 1, 210, 248, 275, 349,
400;
of village after a death, 275

Deserts as impediments to progress, 89, 90

Design emblematic of totem, 168

Destruction of house after a death, 210

---- of life and property entailed by the belief in immortality, 468
_sq._

---- of property of the dead, 174, 459;
motive for, 147 _sq._, 327

Development arrested or retarded in savagery, 88 _sqq._

Dieri, the, 138;
their burial customs, 144

Differentiation of function in prayer, 332 _sq._

Disbelief of savages in death from natural causes, 34 _sqq._

Disease supposed to be caused by sorcery, 35 _sqq._;
demons regarded as causes of, 36 _sq._;
recognised by some savages as due to natural causes, 55 _sq._;
special modes of disposing of bodies of persons who die of, 162, 163.
_See also_ Sickness

Diseases ascribed to ghosts, 257

Disinterment of the bones of the dead, 225, 294

Dissection of corpse to discover cause of death, 53 _sq._

Divination to discover cause of death, 35, 36, 37 _sq._, 38, 39 _sq._,
44, 45 _sq._, 50 _sqq._, 53 _sq._, 136;
by liver, 54;
by dreams, 136, 383;
by the skulls of the dead, 179;
to discover sorcerer who caused death, 240 _sq._, 249 _sq._, 257, 402;
by bow, 241;
by hair to discover cause of death, 319;
by means of ghosts, 389 _sq._;
to discover ghost who has caused sickness, 382

Divinity of kings, 16;
of Fijian kings, 407 _sq._;
Fijian notion of, 440 _sq._

Dog, in myth of the origin of death, 66;
the Heavenly, 460

Dogs sacrificed to the dead, 232, 234;
sacrificed in epidemics, 296

Doreh Bay in Dutch New Guinea, 303, 306

Dragon supposed to swallow lads at initiation, 301.
_See also_ Monster

Drama of death and resurrection at initiation, 431, 434 _sq._

----, evolution of, 189

Dramatic ceremonies in Central Australia, magical intention of, 122
_sq._, 126

---- concerned with totems, 119 _sqq._

---- to commemorate the doings of ancestors, 118 _sqq._

Dramatic representation of ghosts and spirits by masked men, 176, 179
_sq._, 180 _sqq._, 185 _sqq._

Drawings on ground in religious or magical ceremony, 112 _sq._

---- on rocks, 318

Dread of witchcraft, 413 _sq._

Dreamer, professional, 383

Dreams as a source of the belief in immortality and of the worship of
the dead, 27 _sq._, 214;
divination by, 136;
appearance of the dead to the living in, 139, 195, 213, 229;
savage faith in the truth of, 139 _sq._;
consultation of the dead in, 179;
danger of, 194;
the dead communicate with the living in, 248

Driving away the ghost, 178, 197, 248, 305, 306, 323, 356 _sqq._, 396,
399, 415

Drowning of ghosts, 224

Duke of York Island, 393, 397, 403, 404

Dying, threats of the, 273

Ears of corpse stopped with hot coals, 152;
of mourners cut, 183, 272, 327

Earth-burial and tree-burial, 161, 166 _sq._

Earthquakes ascribed to ghosts, 286, 288;
caused by deities, 296

Eating totemic animals or plants, 120 _sq._

Economic loss entailed by sacrifices to the dead, 149;
entailed by the belief in immortality, 468 _sq._

Eel, ghost in, 379

Eels offered to the dead, 429

Egypt, custom at embalming a corpse in ancient, 178

Elysium, the Fijian, 466 _sq._

Embryology of religion, 88

Emu totem, dramatic ceremonies concerned with, 122, 123

Encounter Bay tribe of South Australia, 42

Epilepsy ascribed to anger of ghosts, 257, 283

---- and inspiration, 15

Erdweg, Father Josef, 218, 219, 227

Erskine, Capt. J. E., 409

_Ertnatulunga_, sacred store-house, 99

_Erythrophloeum guiniense_, in poison ordeal, 50

Esquimaux, burial custom of the, 454, 456

Essence, immaterial, of sacrifice absorbed by ghosts and spirits, 285,
287, 374

Euhemerism, 24 _sq._

Euhemerus, 24

European teaching, influence of, on native beliefs, 142 _sq._

Evil spirits regarded as causes of death, 36 _sq._

Excitement as mark of inspiration, 14

Exogamy with female descent, 416, 418

Exorcism as cure for sickness, 222 _sq._

Experience defined, 12;
two sorts of, 13 _sq._

---- and intuition, 11

External world, question of the reality of, 13 _sq._;
an illusion, 21

Eye, soul resides in the, 267

Eyes of corpse bandaged, 459

Faints ascribed to action of ghosts, 257, 283

Faith, weakening of religious, 4

Falling stars the souls of the dead, 229, 399

Family prayers of the New Caledonians, 332 _sq._, 340

---- priests, 332, 340

Famine, the stone of, 334 _sq._

Fasting in mourning for a king, 451 _sq._

Father-in-law, mourning for a, 155

Favourable natural conditions, their influence in stimulating social
progress, 141 _sq._, 148 _sq._

Fear of ghosts, 134, 135, 147, 151 _sqq._, 158, 173 _sqq._, 195, 196
_sq._, 201, 203, 229 _sq._, 232, 237, 276, 282 _sq._, 305, 321, 327,
347, 396, 414 _sq._, 449, 455, 467;
a moral restraint, 175;
the source of extravagant demonstrations of grief at death, 271
_sqq._;
taboo based on, 390 _sq._;
a bulwark of morality, 392;
funeral customs based on, 450 _sqq._;
of women dying in childbed, 458 _sqq._

Fear of the dead, 152 _sq._, 168, 173 _sqq._, 195, 196 _sq._, 201, 203,
244, 248

---- of witchcraft, 244

---- the only principle of religious observances in Fiji, 443

Feasts provided for ghosts, 247 _sq._
_See also_ Funeral Feasts

Feather-money offered to ghosts, 374, 375

Feet foremost, corpse carried out, 174

Ferry for ghosts, 224, 244 _sq._, 350, 412, 462

Festival of the dead, 320 _sq._

Fig-trees, sacred, 199

Fighting or warrior ghosts, 370

Fiji and the Fijians, 406 _sqq._

----, human sacrifices in, 446 _sq._

Fijian islands, scenery of, 409 _sq._

---- myths of origin of death, 66 _sq._, 75 _sq._

Fijians, belief in immortality among the, 406 _sqq._;
their advanced culture, 407

Fingers amputated in mourning, 199, 451

---- of living sacrificed in honour of the dead, 426 _sq._

Finsch Harbour in German New Guinea, 218, 242, 262

Fire as a means of keeping off ghosts, 131

---- -flies, ghosts as, 352

---- kindled on grave, to warm ghost, 144 _sq._, 196 _sq._, 209, 211,
223, 275, 359

---- supplied to ghost, 246 _sq._;
used to keep off ghosts, 258, 283;
used in cross-questioning a ghost, 278

Firstborn children, skull-topped images made of dead, 312

First-fruits offered to the dead, 259;
of canarium nuts offered to ghosts, 368 _sq._;
offered to deified spirits of dead chiefs, 369;
offered to ghosts, 373 _sq._;
of yams offered to the ancestral spirits, 429

Fish offered by fishermen to the dead, 226;
prayers for, 329;
ghost in, 379

---- totem, dramatic ceremony concerned with, 119 _sq._, 121

Fishermen pray to ghosts, 289

----, stones to help, 337

Fison, Lorimer, 407, 412, 416, 418, 428 _n._ 1, 434, 435 _sqq._, 438
_n._ 1, 445, 448

Fits ascribed to contact with ghosts, 283.
_See also_ Epilepsy

Florida, one of the Solomon Islands, 346, 347, 348, 349, 367, 368, 376,
377, 379, 380

Flutes, sacred, 221, 226, 233, 252

Flying-foxes, souls of the dead in, 405

Food placed on grave, 144;
offered to the dead, 183, 201, 208, 211, 214, 232, 241, 332, 338, 364
_sq._, 367 _sq._, 372 _sq._, 396 _sq._, 429, 442, 467;
abstinence from certain, in mourning, 198, 208, 209, 230, 314, 360,
452;
supply promoted by ghosts, 283;
offered to ancestral spirits, 316;
offered to the skulls of the dead, 339 _sq._, 352;
offered to ghosts, 348 _sq._;
of ghosts, the living not to partake of the, 355

---- not to be touched with the hands by gravediggers, 327;
not to be touched with hands by persons who have handled a corpse,
450 _sq._

---- and water, abundance of, favourable to social progress, 90 _sq._;
offered to the dead, 174

Fool and Death, 83

Footprints, magic of, 45

Foundation-sacrifice of men, 446

Fowlers pray to ghosts, 289

Frenzy a symptom of inspiration, 443, 444 _sq._

Frigate-bird, mark of the, 350;
ghost associated with the, 376

Frigate-birds, ghosts in, 380

Frog in stories of the origin of death, 61, 62 _sq._

Fruit-trees cut down for ghost, 246

---- of the dead cut down, 399

Funeral ceremonies intended to dismiss the ghost from the land of the
living, 174 _sq._

---- ceremonies of the Torres Straits Islanders, 176 _sqq._

---- customs of the Tami, 293 _sq._;
of the Central Melanesians, 347 _sqq._, 355 _sqq._;
based on fear of ghosts, 450 _sqq._

---- feasts, 348, 351, 358 _sq._, 360, 396;
orations, 355 _sq._

Forces, impersonal, the world conceived as a complex of, 21

Foreskins sacrificed in honour of the dead, 426 _sq._;
of circumcised lads presented to ancestral gods, 427

Gaboon, the, 54

Gajos of Sumatra, burial custom of the, 455

Gall used in divination, 54

Game offered by hunters to the dead, 226

Ganindo, a warrior ghost, 363 _sq._

Gardens, ghosts of, 371

Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, 48, 69, 398, 405

Geelvink Bay, in Dutch New Guinea, 303, 307

Genital members of human victims hung on tree, 447 _n._ 1

German burial custom, 453, 458

Ghost appeased by sham fight, 137;
hunted into the grave, 164 _sq._;
thought to linger near body till flesh is decayed, 165 _sq._;
elaborate funeral ceremonies designed to get rid of, 174 _sq._;
driven away, 178, 197, 248;
extracted from body of patient, 271;
calls for vengeance, 278;
cursed and ill-treated, 285;
who causes sunshine and rain, 375

---- -posts, 375

---- -seer, 204 _sq._, 214, 229

---- -shooter, 387 _sq._

Ghostly ferry, 350, 412.
_See also_ Ferry

Ghosts, mischievous nature of, 28;
as causes of sickness, 54 _sqq._, 195, 197, 222, 300, 305, 322, 389;
feared, 134, 135, 147, 151 _sqq._, 158, 173 _sqq._, 195, 196 _sq._,
201, 203, 229 _sq._, 232, 237, 271 _sqq._, 276, 282 _sq._, 305, 321,
327, 347, 396, 414 _sq._, 449, 457, 467;
attentions paid to, in regard to food, fire, property, etc., 144
_sqq._;
feared only of recently departed, 151 _sq._;
of nearest relations most feared, 153;
represented dramatically by masked men, 176, 179 _sq._, 182 _sq._,
185 _sqq._;
should have their noses bored, 192, 194 _sq._;
return of the, 195, 198, 246, 300;
carry off the souls of the living, 197;
cause bad luck in hunting and fishing, 197;
identified with phosphorescent lights, 198, 258;
appear to seer, 204 _sq._;
of slain enemies especially dreaded, 205;
of the hanged specially feared, 212;
certain classes of ghosts specially feared, 212;
malignity of, 212, 381;
drowned, 224;
village of, 231 _sq._, 234;
give information, 240;
provided with fire, 246 _sq._;
feasts provided for, 247 _sq._;
thought to give good crops, 247 _sq._;
communicate with the living in dreams, 248;
diseases ascribed to action of, 257;
of the slain, special fear of, 258, 279, 306, 323;
of ancestors appealed to for help, 258 _sq._;
precautions taken against, 258;
expected to make the crops thrive, 259, 284, 288 _sq._;
natural death ascribed to action of, 268;
sickness ascribed to action of, 269 _sq._, 271, 279, 372, 375, 381
_sqq._;
deceived, 273, 280 _sqq._, 328;
thought to help hunters, 274, 284 _sq._;
in the form of animals, 282;
help the living by promoting supply of food, 283;
cause earthquakes, 286, 288;
as patrons of hunting and other departments, 287;
die the second death, 287;
turn into animals, 287;
turn into ant-hills, 287;
of warriors invoked by warriors, 288;
invoked by warriors, farmers, fowlers, fishermen, etc., 288 _sqq._;
of men may grow into gods, 289 _sq._;
of the dead in the form of serpents, 300;
driven away, 305, 306, 323, 356 _sqq._, 396, 399, 415;
cause all sorts of misfortunes, 306 _sq._;
call for vengeance, 310, 468;
sacrifices to, 328;
of power and ghosts of no account, distinction between, 345 _sq._;
of the recent dead most powerful, 346;
prayers to, 348;
of land and sea, 348;
food offered to, 348 _sq._;
live in islands, 350, 353;
live underground, 353 _sq._;
worshipful, 362 _sq._;
public and private, 367, 369 _sq._;
first-fruits offered to, 368 _sq._, 373 _sq._;
warlike, 370;
of gardens, 371;
human sacrifices to, 371 _sq._;
incarnate in sharks, 373;
sacrifices to, at planting, 375;
sanctuaries of, 377 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, 379 _sq._;
envious of the living, 381;
carry off souls, 383;
in stones, 383 _sq._;
inspiration by means of, 389 _sq._;
killed, 415 _sq._;
dazed, 416;
prevented from returning to the house, 455 _sq._;
unmarried, hard fate of, 464