Northern Nut Growers Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty First Annual Meeting

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NORTHERN
NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION
INCORPORATED

REPORT
_OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE_
Twenty-first Annual Meeting

[Illustration]

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

SEPTEMBER 17, 18, 19, 1930

NORTHERN
NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION
_INCORPORATED_

REPORT
OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Twenty-first Annual Meeting

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

_SEPTEMBER 17, 18, 19, 1930_

CONTENTS

Officers, Directors and Committees 3

State Vice-Presidents 4

List of Members 5

Constitution 9

By-Laws 11

Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Convention 13

Nuts and Nut Growers of the Middle West--S. W. Snyder 14

Address of Professor T. J. Maney 20

Methods in Scoring the Black Walnut--Prof. N. F. Drake 23

Nuts in North Dakota--Prof. A. F. Yeager 27

Report on the 1929 Nut Contest--Dr. W. C. Deming 28

New Members' Experience and Questions 31

Discussion on Chestnut Growing 33

The Paraffin Method in Transplanting Nursery Stock--Prof. J. A.
Neilson 37

Some Notes on the Japanese Walnut in North America--Prof. J. A.
Neilson 39

Thirty Years Experience in the Care of Scionwood--F. O. Harrington 46

Experiments and Observations in Searching for Best Seedling Nut
Trees--J. F. Wilkinson 51

More Nuts--Less Meat--Dr. J. H. Kellogg 57

Induced Immunity to Chestnut Blight--Dr. G. A. Zimmerman 68

Plant Patent Act--Thomas P. Littlepage 73

Banquet 77

President's Address 81

Report of the Secretary 87

Business Session 89

Treasurer's Report 91

Harvesting and Marketing the Native Nut Crop of the North--C. A.
Reed 92

Beechnuts--Willard G. Bixby 100

The 1929 Contest--Willard G. Bixby 104

Attendance Record 117

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION

_President_ J. A. NEILSON, HORT. DEPT. M. S. C., EAST LANSING,
MICH.

_Vice-President_ C. F. WALKER, 2851 E OVERLOOK ROAD, CLEVELAND
HEIGHTS, OHIO

_Secretary_ W. G. BIXBY, 32 GRAND AVE., BALDWIN, N. Y.

_Treasurer_ KARL W. GREENE, RIDGE ROAD, N. W., WASHINGTON, D.
C.

_DIRECTORS_

J. A. NEILSON, C. F. WALKER, DR. W. C. DEMING, K. W. GREENE, W. G.
BIXBY, S. W. SNYDER

_COMMITTEES_

_Auditing_--Z. H. ELLIS, L. H. MITCHELL

_Executive_--J. A. NEILSON, C. F. WALKER, A. S. COLBY, K. W. GREENE,
W. G. BIXBY, S. W. SNYDER

_Finance_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, W. G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING

_Press and Publication_--J. RUSSELL SMITH, R. T. OLCOTT, W. C.
DEMING, K. W. GREENE, Z. H. ELLIS, A. S. COLBY

_Membership_--F. H. FREY, R. T. OLCOTT, J. W. HERSHEY, Z. H. ELLIS,
K. W. GREENE, F. O. HARRINGTON

_Program_--W. C. DEMING, A. S. COLBY, S. W. SNYDER, C. A. REED, C.
F. WALKER, R. T. OLCOTT

_Hybrids and Promising Seedlings_--C. A. REED, W. G. BIXBY, HOWARD
SPENCE, J. A. NEILSON, S. W. SNYDER, R. T. MORRIS

_Nomenclature_--C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, W. G. BIXBY, J. A.
NEILSON

_Survey_--C. F. WALKER, W. G. BIXBY, F. H. FREY

_DEAN OF THE ASSOCIATION_

DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, OF NEW YORK AND CONNECTICUT

_FIELD SECRETARY_

ZENAS H. ELLIS, FAIR HAVEN, VERMONT

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS

Arkansas Prof. N. F. Drake Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville

California Will J. Thorpe 1545 Divisadero St., San Francisco

Canada J. U. Gellatly West Bank, P. O. Gellatly, B. C.

China P. W. Wang Sec'y Kinsan Arboretum, 147 N. Sechuan
Road, Shanghai

Connecticut Dr. W. C. Deming 983 Main St., Hartford, Conn.

Dist. of Columbia Karl W. Greene Ridge Road, N. W., Washington

England Howard Spence The Red House, Ainsdale, Southport

Illinois Prof. A. S. Colby University of Illinois, Urbana

Indiana J. F. Wilkinson Rockport

Iowa S. W. Snyder Center Point

Kansas W. P. Orth Route 2, Box 20, Mount Hope

Maryland T. P. Littlepage Bowie

Massachusetts James H. Bowditch 903 Tremont Building, Boston

Michigan Harry Burgardt Union City Michigan

Minnesota Carl Weschcke 98 South Wabasha St., St. Paul

Missouri P. C. Stark Louisiana

Nebraska William Caha Wahoo

New Jersey Miss M. V. Landman Cranbury, R. F. D. No. 2

New York Prof. L. H. MacDaniels Cornell University, Ithaca

Ohio Harry R. Weber 123 East 6th St., Cincinnati

Oregon Stanley C. Walters Mount Hood

Pennsylvania John Rick 438 Penn Square, Reading

Rhode Island Phillip Allen 178 Dorrance St., Providence

Vermont Zenas H. Ellis Fair Haven

Virginia Dr. J. Russell Smith Round Hill

Washington D. H. Berg Nooksack

West Virginia Dr. J. E. Cannaday Box 693, Charleston

MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

ARKANSAS

* Drake, Prof. N. F., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville

CALIFORNIA

Crafts, Dr. J. G., Martinez
Thorpe, Will J., 1545 Divisadero St., San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley

CANADA

Gage, J. H., 107 Flatt Ave., Hamilton, Ontario
Gellatly, J. U., West Bank, B. C.
Ryerse, Arthur C., Simcoe, Ont.
Watson, Dr. W. V., 170 St. George St., Toronto

CHINA

* Kinsan Arboretum, 147 N. Szechuan Road, Shanghai

CONNECTICUT

Bartlett, Francis A., Stamford
Deming, Dr. W. C., 31 Owen St., Hartford
Hilliard, H. J., Sound View
* Montgomery, Robt. H., Cos Cob
* Morris, Dr. Robert T., Route 28, Box No. 95, Cos Cob
Pratt, George D., Jr., Bridgewater
Williams, Dr. Chas. Mallory, Stonington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Foster, B. G., 805 G St., N. W., Washington
Greene, Karl W., Ridge Road, N. W., Washington
* Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Bldg., Washington
Mitchell, Lennard H., 2219 California St. N. W., Washington
Reed, C. A., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington
Stiebling, Mrs. Anna E., 1458 Monroe St. N. W., Washington
Taylor, D. W., The Highlands, Washington
Von Ammon, S., Bureau of Standards, Washington

ENGLAND

Spence, Howard, The Red House, Ainsdale, Southport

ILLINOIS

Anthony, A. B., Sterling
Armstrong, Mrs. Julian, Witchwood Lane and Moffet Rd., Lake Forest
Bontz, Mrs. George I., Route 2, Peoria
Brown, Roy W., Spring Valley
Colby, Arthur S., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana
Frey, Frank H., Room 930 Lasalle St., Station, Chicago
Gibbens, Geo. W., Route 2, Godfrey
Knox, Loy J., First Nat'l Bank, Morrison
Morton, Joy, Lisle
Meyer, Dr. R. C. J., Hillsdale
Riehl, Miss Amelia, Godfrey, Ill.
Spencer, Mrs. May R., 275 W. Decatur St., Decatur
University of Illinois, Urbana

INDIANA

Betz, Frank S., (Personal) Betz Bldg., Hammond
Isakson, Walter R., Route 1, Hobart
Tichenor, P. E., 414 Merchants Bank Bldg., Evansville
Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport

IOWA

Adams, Gerald W., Route 4, Moorehead
Boyce, Daniel, Route 4, Winterset
Harrington, F. O., Williamsburg
Iowa State Horticultural Society, Des Moines
Luckenbill, Ben W., Wapello
Snyder, D. C., Center Point
Snyder, S. W., Center Point
Schlagenbusch Bros., Route 3, Fort Madison
Van Meter, W. L., Adel
Williams, Hugh E., Ladora

KANSAS

Orth, W. P., Route 2, Mount Hope

MARYLAND

Close, C. P., College Park
Lancaster, S. S., Jr., Rock Point
Mehring, Upton F., Keymar
Porter, John H., 1199 The Terrace, Hagerstown
Purnell, J. Edgar, Salisbury

MASSACHUSETTS

Allen, Edward E., Perkins Institute for the Blind, Watertown
* Bowditch, James H., 903 Tremont Bldg., Boston
Brown, Daniel L., 60 State St., Boston
Bryant, Dr. Ward C., Greenfield
Hale, Richard W., 60 State St., Boston
Russell, Newton H., 12 Burnette Ave., So. Hadley Center
Wellman, Sargeant H., Windridge, Topsfield
Williams, Moses, 18 Tremont St., Boston

MICHIGAN

Bradley, Homer, Care Kellogg Farms, Route 1, Augusta
Burgardt, H., Route 2, Union City
Graves, Henry B., 73 Forest Ave., West, Detroit
Healy, Oliver T., Care Mich. Nut Nursery, Route 2, Union City
Kellogg, Dr. J. H., 202 Manchester St., Battle Creek
Neilson, Prof. James A., Care Mich. State College, East Lansing
Stocking Frederick N., 3456 Cadillac Ave., Detroit

MINNESOTA

Andrews, Miss Frances E., 245 Clifton Ave., Minneapolis
Weschcke, Carl, 1048 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul

MISSOURI

Stark Bros. Nursery, Louisiana
Windhorst, Dr. M. R., Univ. Club Bldg., St. Louis

NEBRASKA

Caha, William, Wahoo

NEW JERSEY

* Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly St., Jersey City
Norton, W. J., 104 Scotland Road, South Orange

NEW YORK

Abbott, Frederick B., 1211 63rd St., Brooklyn
Bixby, Mrs. Willard G., Baldwin
Bixby, Willard G., Baldwin
Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester
Gager, Dr. C. Stuart, Care Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, Brooklyn
Garber, Hugh G., 75 Fulton St., New York
Graves, Dr. Arthur H., 1000 Washington Ave., Brooklyn
Harman-Brown, Miss Helen, Croton Falls
Hodgson, Casper W., Care World Book Co., Yonkers
Holden, Frank H., Care R. H. Macy & Co., New York
* Huntington, A. M., 1 E. 89th St., New York
Lester, Henry, 650 Main St., New Rochelle
MacDaniels, L. H., Care Cornell Univ., Ithaca
* Olcott, Ralph T., Box 124, Rochester
Pickhardt, Dr. O. C., 117 E. 80th St., New York
Schlemmer, Claire D., Islip
Solley, Dr. John B., 108 E. 66th St., New York
State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva
Steffee, John G., 317 Sixth Ave., Brooklyn
Tice, David, 55-56 Saving Bank Bldg., Lockport
Vanderbilt, George V., Greenville
* Wissman, Mrs. F. de R., 9 W. 54th St., New York

OHIO

Fickes, W. R., Route 7, Wooster
Gerber, E. P., Apple Creek
Park, J. B., Care Ohio State Univ., Columbus
Walker, C. F., 2851 E. Overlook Rd., Cleveland Heights
* Weber, Harry R., 123 East 6th St., Cincinnati

OREGON

Walters, Stanley C., Mount Hood

PENNSYLVANIA

Abbott, Mrs. Laura Woodward, Route 2, Bristol
Baum, Dr. F. L., Boyertown
Deeben, Fred, Trevorton
Gable, Jos. B., Stewartstown
Gribbel, Mrs. John, Wyncote, P. O., Box 31
Hershey, John W., Downingtown
Hostetter, C. F., Bird-in-Hand
Hostetter, L. K., Route 5, Lancaster
Kaufmann, M. M., Clarion
Leach, Will, Cornell Bldg., Scranton
Mathews, George A., Route 1, Cambridge Springs
Miller, Herbert Pinecrest Poultry Farm, Richfield
Paden, Riley W., Route 2, Enon Valley
* Rick, John, 438 Penn. Square, Reading
Sauchelli, V., 1628 Koppers Bldg., Pittsburgh
Schmidt, A. G., Nazareth
Smith, Dr. J. Russell, Swarthmore
Theiss, Lewis Edwin, Muncy
Wright, Ross Pier, 235 West 1st St., Erie
* Wister, John C., Clarkson Ave. and Wister Street, Germantown
Zimmerman, Dr. G. A., 32 So. 13th St., Harrisburg

RHODE ISLAND

Allen, Phillip, 178 Dorrance St., Providence

VERMONT

Aldrich, A. W., Route 3, Springfield
Ellis, Zenas H., Fair Haven

VIRGINIA

Stoke, H. F., 1421 Watts Ave., Roanoke
Trout, Dr. Hugh H., Care Jefferson Hospital, Roanoke

WASHINGTON

Berg, D. H., Nooksack
Richardson, J. B., Lakeside

WEST VIRGINIA

Cannaday, Dr. J. E., Care General Hospital, Charleston
Hartzell, B. F., Shepherdstown

* Life Member

CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I

_Name._ This society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED.

ARTICLE II

_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing
plants, their products and their culture.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who
desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence
or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on
membership.

ARTICLE IV

_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary
and a treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting;
and an executive committee of six persons, of which the president, the
two last retiring presidents, the vice-president, the secretary and the
treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from
each state, dependency, or country represented in the membership of the
association, who shall be appointed by the president.

ARTICLE V

_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at
the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the
following year.

ARTICLE VI

_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected
by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made
at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time
for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may
seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.

ARTICLE VII

_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but
must include two of the four elected officers.

ARTICLE VIII

_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of
the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment
having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the
proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member
thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.

BY-LAWS

ARTICLE I

_Committees._ The association shall appoint standing committees as
follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and
publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, on
survey, and an auditing committee. The committee on membership may make
recommendations to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of
any member.

ARTICLE II

_Fees._ Annual members shall pay five dollars annually, to include one
year's subscription to the American Nut Journal, or three dollars and
fifty cents not including subscription to the Nut Journal. Contributing
members shall pay ten dollars annually, this membership including a
year's subscription to the American Nut Journal. Life members shall make
one payment of fifty dollars, and shall be exempt from further dues.
Honorary members shall be exempt from dues.

There shall be an annual, non-voting, membership, with privilege of the
annual report, for all County Agents, Agricultural College and
Experiment Station Officials and Employes, State Foresters, U. S.
Department of Agriculture Officials, Editors of Agricultural
Periodicals, College and High School Students, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts
or Camp Fire Girls and similar organizations, on payment of one dollar
as annual dues.

ARTICLE III

_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin either with the first
day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the
association, or with the first day of the calendar quarter preceding
that date as may be arranged between the new member and the Treasurer.

ARTICLE IV

_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members
present at any annual meeting.

ARTICLE V

Members shall be sent a notification of annual dues at the time they are
due, and if not paid within two months, they shall be sent a _second
notice_, telling them that they are not in good standing on account of
non-payment of dues, and are not entitled to receive the annual report.

At the end of thirty days from the sending of the second notice, _a
third notice_ shall be sent notifying such members that unless dues are
paid within ten days from receipt of this notice, their names will be
dropped from the rolls for non-payment of dues.

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS

of the

TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION

of the

NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION

(Incorporated)

September 17, 18 and 19, 1930

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA

The first session convened at 10 o'clock at the Hotel Montrose,
President Neilson in the chair.

THE PRESIDENT: We have a long and varied program to present,
and inasmuch as we have only one day for the discussions it will be
necessary to make the best use of our time. First we will read letters
and telegrams from members who are not able to come.

THE SECRETARY: This letter is from Dr. Morris.

"I was counting on getting out to the Nut Growers' Association meeting
this year and having the pleasure of seeing all of my old friends once
more and getting the inspiration that fills the air at our meetings. I
find it absolutely necessary, however, to cut off all distractions until
I can get two books finished. Work upon them has been delayed and the
line of thought changed so often that it becomes a duty to confine
myself to literary work, but I hope to be with you during our next
twenty meetings."

This telegram is from Mr. Bixby.

"Have mailed Mr. Snyder abstract of report on nut contest and paper on
beechnuts. Regret I cannot be at convention. Crop of nuts here is better
than ever before. Best wishes for success of convention. Willard G.
Bixby."

THE PRESIDENT: I am going to name two committees. The
resolutions committee: Mr. Weber, Mr. Frey, Dr. Deming. The nominating
committee: Mr. Frey, Mr. Snyder, Dr. Smith, Dr. Zimmerman, Mr. Hershey.
Professor Herrick, Secretary of the Iowa State Horticultural Society,
would like to make a few remarks.

PROF. HERRICK: I want to extend to you greetings from the Iowa
State Horticultural Society. Mr. Snyder knows that at our state fair we
had a wonderful exhibit of edible nuts. It has just closed. We had six
tables of good length, 16 feet, well filled, in fact crowded. We never
in the history of the society have provided enough room for the edible
nuts. We hope this year at the Midwest Horticultural Exhibit at
Shenandoah it may be possible for you to send your exhibits. There will
be $7,000 in cash premiums. Every one of you will receive an official
premium list the first of next week. We have in Southern Iowa a great
deal of land well adapted for this industry, and I assure you that the
Iowa Horticultural Society is very much interested in the spreading of
the gospel.

THE PRESIDENT: We appreciate the invitation that Professor
Herrick has given us. One of the inspiring factors in my interest in nut
culture came to me some years ago when I came to the Iowa State College
to take graduate work. I went to Des Moines with Professor Maney to see
the exhibit staged by Mr. Snyder. Our first paper this morning is by Mr.
Snyder, "Nuts and Nut Growers of the Middle West."

MR. SNYDER: I will confine my remarks to the newer things that
you haven't heard of. I will first note a shagbark hickory that stands
in my own neighborhood, an outstanding variety we call Hand. This is
very much like the Vest in shape and size and cracking quality.
According to my tests, this variety cracks out 50% meat, and since it is
a local variety and I know it is hardy and fruitful, I am placing it
ahead of the Vest for the Middle West. It is certainly equal to it in
every way and hardy and fruitful. While the Vest hasn't yet matured nuts
I am rather doubtful whether it will prove of any value here.

There is one nut that I have been drawing attention to in the past few
years, called Hagen, that I have frequently said was the best nut
growing in Iowa. I have found one we call the Elliott that appears to be
just as good, so nearly like it that it is hard to separate them when
they are mixed up. The Elliott stands near Oxford, a little south of
here.

The best cracker I have found in Iowa is one called Sande. This stands
in Story County, about 20 miles north of Ames. I found this on the
tables at our state fair and the superintendent of the nut exhibit
called my attention to it in particular. Said it had been appearing
there for a couple of years back, and that he thought it was very well
worth our attention. I took up correspondence with the parties who were
bringing it to the fair and they agreed to give me such information as I
wanted about it, so I drove up there. When I got there I found they
didn't own the tree. They had been stealing the nuts, putting them on
exhibit and getting the premiums. They wouldn't take me to the tree
because they didn't own it. They did tell me who owned it and I went to
see him. I told him the circumstances. He just got red-headed at once.
The idea of someone stealing the nuts and getting the premiums! We got
right into it. The up-shot of it was I got some scions and some nuts.
Just a lick of the hammer and two halves drop out, don't have to pick
them out, just roll out. It is an excellent nut. It was a rather young
tree and very fruitful. Very good quality with a little thicker shell
than other varieties.

We have another one, the Ward. This is another 50% cracker, very
excellent flavor. While it appears to be a small nut, after you have
cracked it the meats look almost as large it has such a very thin shell.
As you might say almost all meat.

DR. DEMING: What do you mean by 50% cracker?

MR. SNYDER: The shells and the meats when separated and weighed
just balance each other.

I have looked up another one. At present I haven't any authority for
naming this variety. I am just calling it Independence because of the
community in which it is found. I will take this up with the parties
that own the tree and get authority for naming it if they will consent.
This is just a temporary name for a very excellent variety. It is owned
by a party named Geisel. They have a well-known nut that has been taking
premiums in our midwest. This is another in the same grove that is just
as good as the Geisel. It is a very good nut, very fine flavor, good
cracker and more than ordinary size.

We have another one that stands in sight of my home, that is called
DeWees. This is a large tree that possibly is somewhat over a hundred
years old, and its common crop is about five bushels of hulled nuts. It
is a free cracker, excellent quality and very prominent in the locality
in which the tree stands.

There is another one that appeared in the midwest exhibition here in
Cedar Rapids a few years ago, called the Lynch. It was brought out by
the Boys and Girls Club and received a good deal of publicity at that
time on that account. It is a thin-shelled nut and very good cracker but
not of the highest eating quality. I hunted up the tree and got some
scions from it and distributed them. I didn't use any of them myself,
didn't think it good enough, the eating quality not good enough to suit
me. It is an excellent variety however.

DR. SMITH: Something like the Ben Davis?

MR. SNYDER: Yes.

DR. COLBY: The Ben Davis makes the profit though, Dr. Smith.

MR. SNYDER: We have found another one that came out at the
Cedar Rapids exposition. I am calling it the Cline. I have no authority
to call it that. The tree stands here in Cedar Rapids. I haven't had
time to see it since two years ago when it was brought to my attention.
If I am any judge of quality this is the finest hickory nut I have ever
found. Its eating quality is just ahead of anything I know of in the
hickory line, and it's of fair size, a little above medium and a good
cracker and a long keeper. I have frequently tested them. I only got a
handful to start with. I have tested these time after time to see how
long it was going to keep. The last time I tested it was this last
spring and it was in excellent condition. There are a good many of our
hickory nuts that turn rancid in six months. But a nut that keeps two
years, and I don't know but what they are good yet, is going to be a
very big item in hickory nut culture.

DR. DRAKE: Have you kept these eighteen months in good order?

MR. SNYDER: Yes.

MR. HERSHEY: Would soil conditions have anything to do with it?

MR. SNYDER: Possibly but I don't think so. The Fairbanks, for
instance, from different soils; I can see no difference in their
keeping.

MR. HERSHEY: I know that is true of grapes that are grown in
different sections.

MR. SNYDER: I can see no difference in the Fairbanks. In a few
weeks' time it loses its edible qualities. I wouldn't care for it after
it is a few weeks old. After it is thoroughly cured and dried, I don't
think the Fairbanks fit to eat.

MEMBER: How about the Stratford?

MR. SNYDER: The original Stratford was cut for fire wood in
1926. Just before it was cut it bore a heavy crop of nuts. Yesterday I
cracked one. I was right hungry and needed something to eat. I could eat
them yet. It is a great keeper. I know it was four years old or over.

MEMBER: How does it crack?

MR. SNYDER: It is a good cracker and very thin shelled. The
Stratford is, I think, a hybrid of the shagbark and bitternut. It is
very evident that it is a hybrid by the appearance of the nuts. But it
doesn't have that property of the Fairbanks of spoiling as it dries. The
two nuts are very different in that. You will find a great range of
quality in these hybrids.

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