The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

M >> Morris Jastrow >> The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

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_Ishtaritu_, general designation of Ishtar priestess, 660.

_Ishum, god_, 51;
identity with Pa-sag, 101;
in proper names of, 2nd Bab. period, 169;
messenger of Nusku, 280;
solar deity, 528;
local deity, 528;
attendant of Dibbarra, 529, 594;
describes Dibbarra's deeds, 530 ff.;
his wars, 533 ff.;
associated with Sibi, 533;
"the warrior," 533;
associated with Nergal, 594.

_Isin_, ancient center, 35;
kings, 37;
Isin dynasty as "builders" of temple of Nana in Ur, 81.

_Iskenderun_, bay of, 122.

_Iyar_, see _Airu_.

_Izdubar_ = Gilgamesh.

_Jezreel plain_, cult of Ramman, 159.

_Job_, book of, unsatisfactory ending like 12th tablet of Gilgamesh
epic, 513.

_Josephus_, historical references to B.-A., 5.

_Judges_ = priests, 625, 658.

_Judith_, book of, bearing upon B.-A. religion, 3.

_Jupiter_ = Marduk, name of planet, 370, 434, 458-9, 676-7;
see _Marduk_.

_Kaaba_, at Mecca, 624.

_Kabru_, epithet for Aralu, 563.

_Kadashman-Turgu_, Cassite king, votive tablet, 671.

_Kadi_, in Ass. pantheon, 188;
Elamitic god, 232;
worshipped in Dur-ilu, 232;
minor god, 234.

_Kadishtu_, general designation of Ishtar priestess, 660.

_Kalah-Shergat_, excavations, 10;
site of city of Ashur, 198.

_Kallat-Eshara_, epithet of Gula, 173.

_Kanishurra_, a foreign god, 644.

_Kara-indash_, king of Babylon, restores Shamash temple at Larsa, 144

_Kar-nuna-ta-uddua_, ship of Ningirsu, 654;
meaning of name, 654.

_Karun_, one of the four streams forming the confluence of streams, 506.

_Katnu_, a foreign god, 644.

_Kercha_, one of the four streams forming the confluence of streams,
506.

_Khadir_ = Parnapishtim, 515.

_Khani_, tribe hostile to Babylon, 152.

_Khani_, god, in Ass. pantheon, 188;
a form of Nebo, 188;
minor god, 234;
a foreign deity, 644.

_Kharimati_, sacred harlots of Uruk, 475, 531, 660.

_Kharsag(-gal)-kurkura_, "the (great) mountain of the earth," 558;
native place of the gods, 558, 614;
= Ekur, 558.

_Khashur_, mountain destroyed by Ishum, 533.

_Khasis-Adra_, see _Adra-khasis_, 505.

_Khi-gir-nun-na_, son of Bau, 103.

_Khi-khi_, mountain attacked by Ishum, 533.

_Khiraitum_, a foreign deity, 644.

_Khi-shaga_, a son of Bau, 103.

_Khorsabad_, unearthed, 6, 8;
capital of Assyria, 193;
sanctuary of Sin, 219;
palace of Sargon, 225;
names of its gates and walls, 237;
sanctuary of Nin-Gal, 231;
zikkurat at K., 617.

_Khumbaba_ attacks Uruk, 480;
conquered by Gilgamesh, 514.

_Khusha_, god of the 2nd Bab. period, 168.

_Kidin-Marduk_, father of Parnapishtim, 488, 496.

_Kidmuru_ temple of Ishtar in Nineveh, 202.

_Kigallu_, a designation of the netherworld, 562.

_Kilili_, a foreign deity, 644.

_Kingship_, differentiation of kingly and priestly functions late, 374;
traces of direct relationship betw. gods and king, 374-5.

_Kingu_, consort of Tiamat, 420;
symbol of chaos, 538;
deprived of the tablets of fate by Marduk, 428.

_Kinunira_, city on the Euphrates (?), sanctuary of Dumuzi-zu-aba, 96.

_Kish_, city in Babylonia, 54;
temple of Zamama, 169;
temple of Ninni, 639.

_Kishar,_ god, K. and Anshar created, 197, 410;
K. and Anshar intermediate betw. the monsters and the gods in
creation, 414, 416-7;
creation of theologians, 416;
Anshar and Kishar in the creation epic and their meaning, 418.

_Kishar-gal_, cosmological deity, 417.

_Kishshat_, a foreign god, 644.

_Kislev_, 9th month, sacred to Nergal, 463.

_Kizreti_, Ukhati, and Kharimati, the harlots of Uruk, 475, 531, 660.

_Koyunjik_, mound, unearthed, 7, 9.

_Ku(?)-anna_, 51;
place of worship, 102;
functions, 102;
consort of Ramman (?), 102.

_Kudur-mabuk_, 2d dynasty of Ur, "builder" of temple of Sin in Ur, 76,
295;
of temple of Nana in Ur, 81.

_Kumari_, city in Babylonia, temple of Ramman, 242.

_Kurigalzu_, Cassite, king of Babylon, cult of Bel of Nippur, 147, 645.

_Kutu_, see _Cuthah_.

_Lagamal_, a foreign god, 644.

_Lagash_, governors, 36;
temple of Anu, 53, 640;
temple of Belit, 56;
temple of Bau, 635;
quarters of, 56-7;
temple of Ningirsu-Ninib, 57, 87, 635, 640;
center of worship of Ninni, 80;
ancient center, 35, 245;
temple of Dumu-zi-zu-aba, 96;
Dumuzi, temple of Ninmar, 635;
temple of Nin-gish-zida, 99, 635;
temple of Nina, 635;
temple of Ku(?)-an-na, 152;
temple of Gimil-Sin, 561;
shrine of Nin-girsu, 640;
zikkurat of Nin-girsu, 619, 635, 639;
temple of E-salgisa, 641;
temple of Nin-si-a, 635;
temple of Shabra, 635;
temple of Nin-sun, 635;
temple of Nin-tu, 635;
votive objects, 673.

_Lakhamu_, L. and Lakhmu cosmological, 197, 410, 417;
a monster, 414, 418;
in incantations, 417;
in Allatu's court, 593.

_Larsa_, ancient center, 35;
rulers, 37-8;
dynasty, 39;
center of worship of Shamash, 69, 143-4, 241, 628, 640, 646;
zikkurats at L., 617, 639.

_Lasimu_, a foreign god, 644.

_Layard, Austen Henry_, excavations, 7.

_Laz_, consort of Nergal, 219, 243;
not mentioned in Ass. texts, 219;
not mentioned in religious texts, 583.

_Lebanon_, cedar forests, 626.

_Legal literature_, see also _Literature_;
source for study of religion, 166;
religious character of, 245.

_Libations_, 664, 666;
in Old Testament and in A.-B., 665.

_Libit-Ishtar_, 2d dynasty of Ur, builds temple of Nana in Ur, 81.

_Life of the World_, name of temple, 641.

_Light of Shamash_, name of temple, 641.

_Lists of gods_, 213, 216;
character of, 233;
prepared on the basis of religious texts, 233.

_Literature_, Ashurbanabal's library, 132;
syllabaries, 135;
religious l., 12, 13, 213, 216, 233, 245, 247, 690-1;
temple records, 165;
legal documents, 165-6;
connection betw. religion and literature, 245, 691;
historical texts, 246;
uncertain demarcation betw. religious and secular l., 247;
epics, see _Gilgamesh_, _Eabani_, _Adapa_;
compound of popular belief and of theology, 689.

_Local cults_, origin of, 49;
confusion with nature cult, 49-50;
growth of, 49;
policy of preservation of local cults by foreign conquerors, 69-70,
106, 111;
confusion of (female) local cults, 80;
prominence given to local gods as compared with others, 111;
local cult features and general cult features compared, 110;
survival of local cults, 113;
factors obscuring local cults, 113-5;
political factors, 113;
popular factors, 114;
theological factors, 114;
absorption, 114, 168, 171;
number of, 170, 234, 274;
in lists, 233;
of the Ass. pantheon, 234;
importance diminishes, 235.

_Loftus, William K._, excavations, 9.

_Lofty and Brilliant Wall_, name of temple, 641.

_Lot_, bears more resemblance to Parnapishtim than Noah, 507.

_Lugal-banda_, god, 51;
temple at Uruk, 95;
local character, 95;
identification with Nergal, 95;
signification of name, 95.

_Lugal-edinna_, epithet of Nergal, 172, 280.

_Lugal-erima (?)_, god, 51;
his local character, 97;
interpretation of name, 97.

_Lugal-gira_, epithet of Nergal, 172, 280.

_Lugal-ki-mu-na_, in proper names of the 2d Bab. period, 169.

_Lugal-Marada_, god, temple at Marad, 242;
a solar deity, 473;
patron of Gilgamesh, identical with Shamash, 486.

_Lugal-mit-tu_, in Samsu-iluna's pantheon, 162;
wall of L., 172;
meaning of name, 172.

_Lugal-zaggisi_, old Babylonian king of Uruk, 101;
his pantheon and its age, 110, 636;
gods common to Lugal-zaggisi's and Gudea's pantheon, 110;
priest of Anu, 110.

_Lulubite_, name of people, 532.

_Lunar cycle and sun calendar_, 78.

_Ma-an-ish-tu-su_, servitor of A, 74.

_Magarida_, a foreign god, 644.

_Magganubba_, city in n.-e. Assyria, sanctuary of Sin, 219;
restored by Sargon II., 232;
cult of Damku, Sharru-ilu, Sha-nit(?)-ka, 232.

_Magical texts_, subdivision of religious literature, 247;
practical purposes, 246, 255;
beginning of rituals, 247, 253-4, 269;
number of, 247;
comparative age of, 253, 256;
primitive popular thought, 254, 292;
method of composition, 254;
titles of, 254-5;
incantation rituals and their growth, 255, 283 ff.;
Ea and Eridu prominent in, 256;
compiled character, 256-7;
date of composition, 257;
bilingual redaction, 258;
metrical traits, 259;
source of study of popular beliefs, 259;
occurrence of Gibil evidence of ancient age of, 277;
pantheon in m. t. compared with that in historical texts, 297.

_Mahmal_, tabernacle, compared with the Bab. ship for the gods, 655.

_Makhir_, god of dreams, 323, 402.

_Maklu series_, 286 ff., 302.

_Ma-ku-a_, name of Marduk's ship, 655.

_Malik_, god, in Nabubaliddin's pantheon, 162, 176;
associated with Shamash and Bunene, 176;
in proper names of the time of Hammurabi, 176;
often used as epithet of Shamash, 176;
meaning of name, 176;
Malik and Bunene, attendants of Shamash, 177;
consort of Bunene, 177.

_Malkatu_ = A.

_Malku_, name of canal, 655;
name of Naru's ship, 655.

_Ma-ma_, variant for Gula, 105.

_Mammitu_, goddess; M. and Anunnaki determine death and life, 493.

_Mamu_, a form of Gula in proper names of the 2d Bab. period, 169.

_Mandacan_, legend of Rustem parallel to Etana legend, 520 ff.

_Mar_, district in southern Babylonia, sacred to Nin-Mar, 100;
temple Ish-gu-tur of Nin-Mar, 100.

_Marad_, city in Babylonia, temple of Lugal-Marada, 242;
native place of Gilgamesh, 473.

_Marcheshwan_, see _Arakh-shamnu_.

_Marduk_, 2d Bab. period, deity of Babylon, 54, 96;
child _par excellence_ of Ea, 96, 548;
prominence of his cult since Hammurabi, 116, 134-5, 690-1;
his titles, 118, 126, 239, 240, 276, 500, 576, 630;
identification with Bel and Ea, 118;
solar deity, 118, 119, 528, 576, 690;
his warlike traits, 119;
in religious texts, 120;
temples in Babylon (E-Sagila) and Borsippa, 121, 241, 636, 639;
his papakhu, 640;
his consort, 121-4, 228;
statue brought from Nineveh to E-Sagila, 684;
his statue recovered by Agum, 122, 152, 670, 687;
lord of E-Sagila and E-Zida, 126;
New Year's Day his festival, 127, 631, 678, 681;
mediator betw. Ea and mankind, 139, 276;
Marduk and Ea in incantation texts, 139-40;
conquers Tiamat, 140, 197, 408, 422;
rivaled by Ramman, 158;
during the Cassite period, 162;
called Sag-ila, 169;
lord of Anunnaki and Igigi, 186, 239;
absorbs the role of other gods, 190, 409;
builds Eshara, 198;
blended with Bel, 54, 145-6, 148, 222, 542;
Bel's titles applied to, 222, 409, 542, 635;
position in the Assyrian pantheon, 224-5, 239;
associated with Ashur, 224;
associated with Ashur, Shamash, and Ramman, 224;
second to Ashur, 239;
prominence of his cult in the neo-B. period, 239-40;
rivaled by Nabu in the pantheon of Nebopolassar, 240, 679;
also in old Bab period, 648;
in incantations, 272-3, 276;
in the Shurpu series, 288;
in hymns, 307 ff.;
lord of rest, 309;
god of oracles, esp. in the south, 342, 345;
zodiacal interpretation, 370, 434, 458-9, 676-7;
his double aspect in the creation epic, 409, 432, 450;
takes the tablets of fate from Kingu, 428 (_cf._ 542, 681);
creates the universe, 428 ff., 447;
establishes the districts of Anu, Bel, and Ea, 432;
arranges the stations of the gods in the zodiacal system, 434;
creates man, 437 (_cf._ _Ea_, _Bel_, 443, 448);
the fifty names (of the Igigi) are bestowed upon M., 438;
creates the Anunnaki, 447;
= Nibir, _i.e._, Jupiter, exercises control over all the stars, 434,
458-9;
8th month sacred to M., 463, 678, 686;
Marduk as Sharru in the deluge story, 500;
absent in the deluge story, 508;
dogs symbol of the solar god Marduk, 528;
conquers Zu, 542;
identified with Adapa, 548;
temple at Ashur, 637;
zikkurat at Babylon, 639;
ship of Marduk, 655;
procession on New Year, 679;
spec. festival instituted by Agum, 687.

_Marduk-baladan_, of Babylon, 129.

_Marduk-nadin-akhe_, king of Babylon, carried statues of Ramman and
Shala to Babylon, 212.

_Marriage offerings_, time of, 59;
to Bau, 59.

_Mars_ = Nergal, name of planet, 370, 459;
the "sheep" _par excellence_, 459.

_Mar-tu_ = Ramman, 166, 212.

_Marwa_, hill in Mecca, 687.

_Mashu_, mythical mountain, 488-9;
= Musas or Masis, 516.

_Masis_, or Musas, = Mashu, 515.

_Mecca_, 623.

_Medes_, 44-5.

_Median wedge writing_, 19.

_Meme_, variant of Gula, 175.

_Mer_ = Ramman, 157.

_Mercury_ = Nabu, planet, 371, 459.

_Mesopotamia_, religious ideas and customs, 1, 3;
seat of Terahites, 2;
empire of Nimrod, 2;
geography, 26, 27;
character of, 28 ff.

_Messiah_, Hammurabi and the Hebr.-Christian notion of Messianic time,
533.

_Mili-shikhu_, king of Babylon, his cult of Shamash, 144;
minor gods worshipped, 172.

_Minor gods_, 2d Bab. period, 171-2;
by Mili-shikhu, 172;
some Cassite deities, 172;
in Ass. texts, 171;
in neo-B. period, 171, 242-3;
absorbed by greater gods, 111, 147, 171, 177, 190, 233;
patron-gods of arts, 178;
as personifications, 179;
dividing line betw. spirits and m. g., 183, 233.

_Mishiru_, a foreign deity, 644.

_Mitanni wedge writings_, 20.

_Months_, connected with gods, 462 ff., 676;
names of the months, 464;
m. sacred to gods and their festivals not always corresponding, 687.

_Monumental finds_, 7.

_Moon_, importance of m. as omen giver, 358;
manifold relations between man and m., 358;
importance of m. for calendar, 436, 461;
moon and sun in religion and astronomy, 461.

_Moon-god_, see _Sin_.

_Moses_, 130;
parallelism with Sargon I., 562.

_Mosul_, excavations near, 5.

_Mugheir_, mound, excavated, 9;
see also _Ur_.

_Mummu_, associated with Apsu and Tiamat, 420-1.

_Muenter, Frederick_, decipherment of wedge writing, 15.

_Musas_, or Masis, = Mashu, 516.

_Mythology_, see also _Nature_;
extent and influence of Bab. m., 518 ff.

_Nabonnedos_, of Babylon, restores temple of Shamash in Sippar, 70, 647;
last king of Babylonia, 45;
restores temple of Sin in Harran, 77, 646;
gives prominence to Shamash cult, 240-1.

_Nabu_, god, 2d B. period, 127;
most prominent trait, 124;
probable aqueous origin, 124-5, 220;
rank as compared with that of Ea and Marduk, 125, 648;
agricultural deity, 125;
suppression of cult by Hammurabi and his successors, 126;
becomes son of Marduk, 127, 240 (_cf._ 648-9);
his shrine in E-Sagila, 127, 220-9, 636;
prominence during the Assyrian period, 128-9, 228;
his symbol, 128;
temple at Calah, 128, 228-9;
prominence during the neo-Bab. period, 129, 240;
his epithets, 129-31, 229;
meaning of name, 130;
his functions, 130, 240;
his cult with other Semites, 130;
identified with Nusku, 220;
his consort Tashmitum, 130, 228-9;
his consort Nana, 224;
favorite of Ramman-nirari III., 128, 228;
temple E-Zida in Borsippa, 121, 229, 241, 639, 648;
god of wisdom, 129, 229;
son of Ea, 229;
in the subscript to Ashurbanabal's tablets, 229-30;
similarity and difference betw. N. and Ea, 230-1;
in hymn, 306;
shrine E-makh-tila in Borsippa, 307, 636;
god of oracles in Assyria, 344, 348;
= Mercury, name of planet, 371, 459;
in the deluge, 500;
sanctuary E-pad-kalama-suma, 640;
Nabu's ship and procession, 654, 679.

_Nabu-akhe-irba_, astrologer, 340.

_Nabu-bal-iddin_, king of Babylon, 162, 685;
restores cult of Sippar, 176, 628, 645, 670;
votive offerings, 670.

_Nabupelassar_, see _Nebopolassar_.

_Namar_, district in Babylonia, sacred to Kamman, Nergal, and Nana, 159,
164.

_Names_, transference of name and interpretation of this act, 118,
140-1;
composition of proper names, 165;
Bab. etymologies of names, 173.

_Namtar_, god of pestilence, 569;
strikes Ishtar with disease, 570;
messenger of Allatu, 570, 580.

_Nana_, goddess, 51;
titles, 81;
center of worship, 81;
position in the pantheon proper and in the cosmology, 81;
her temples, E-anna in Uruk, 81, 242, 311, 531, 639;
E-ul-mash in Agade, 82;
in Ur, 81-2, 85, 202, 311, 639, 678;
statue captured by Elamites and recaptured by Ashurbanabal, 85, 206;
absorbs inferior local deities, 103;
associated with Nergal and Ramman, 159, 164;
worshipped by Assyr. kings, 206;
consort of Nabu, 224;
Zag-muk of Nana, 678.

_Nannar_ = Sin, etymology of N., 75;
N. attached to Ur, 75;
Sin to Harran, 76;
his position, 76;
his representation, 76;
his functions, 76, 78;
his epithets, 76, 79, 89;
relationship to Ningal, 97.

_Naram-Sin_, founds temple of Shamash in Sippar, 70, 646;
his exploits incorporated in omen text, 562;
builder of the temple of En-lil in Nippur, 642.

_Naru_, rivergod in incantations, 282;
ship of Naru, 655;
place of worship, 655.

_Nature_, worship, 48;
confusion with local cults, 49-50;
nature myth, 432-3, 487, 494.

_Nazi-Maruttash_, Cassite king, votive objects, 671-2.

_Nebo_, mount in Moab, place of death of Moses, 130.

_Nebopolassar_, king of Babylon, 129;
makes Babylon independent, 239;
makes cult of Marduk prominent, 239;
makes cult of Nabu prominent, 240;
Shamash cult at Larsa, 647, note 3.

_Nebuchadnezzar I._, expels the Cassites, 88, 158;
cult of Marduk and Ramman, 158, 162;
his pantheon, 162.

_Nebuchadnezzar II._, religion of N. and Daniel, 3;
builder of Birs Nimrud, 9;
rule, 44;
worships Sarpanitum as the begetting deity, 122;
makes cult of Marduk prominent, 240, 646;
revives ancient cults, 242-3;
restores temple of Nin-karrak at Sippar, 294;
his prayers exemplification of ethical tendencies, 299;
opposed to Bel cult in Nippur, 646;
restores Shamash temple in Sippar, 646;
Ishtar cult in Uruk, 648.

_Nergal_, god, 51;
local cult and temple in Cuthah, 65, 164, 218, 563, 583, 648;
worship in Palestine, 65;
in Uruk, 66;
his names and their meanings, 66;
functions, 66-7, 537;
development of his attributes, 67-8, 582, 593;
identification with Lugal-banda, 95;
with Irkalla, 592;
associated with Allat, 104, 183, 565, 580, 593;
associated with Ramman and Nana, 159, 164;
Nergal in Samsu-iluna's pantheon, 162;
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162;
epithets, 172;
chief of nether-world and subterranean demons, 183 (_cf._ 260), 511,
563, 582;
associated with Ninib as god of the chase, 216, 218, 237;
with Ninib and Ashur, 216, 218;
god of war, 218, 582;
Cuthah his sacred city, 164, 218, 563, 583;
Kar-Nergal named in his honor, 219;
temple at Tarbisu, 219;
Laz his consort, 219, 243, 583;
identified with Dibbarra, 232, 528-9, 594;
perhaps = Bel-sarbi, 242;
in incantations, 273, 280;
phases of, 280, 459;
= Mars as name of planet, 370, 459;
9th month sacred to N., 463;
sun of midday and summer solstice, 528, 582;
pictured as a lion, 530;
the lion a symbol of Nergal, 537, 580, 582;
identified with Gibil, 594;
associated with Allatu, 104, 183, 565, 580, 583, 593;
Nergal conquers and weds Allatu, 584-5;
imitation of Tiamat-Marduk fight, 585.

_Nether-world_, names of: Aralu, 557;
Ekur, 558;
Shualu, 558;
Kigallu, 562;
Irkalla, 563;
Kutu or Cuthah, 563;
epithets for n., 559, 563;
Nergal, lord of the n., 563;
the older head of the lower world a goddess, Allatu, not a god, 585.

_New Year's Festival_, see _Zag-muk_.

_Nibir_ = planet Marduk or Jupiter, in the zodiac in conjunction with
Bel and Ea, 434-5;
exercises control over all the stars, 458.

_Nicolas of Damascus_, source B.-A. religion, 1, 412.

_Niebuhr, Carsten_, 15.

_Niffer_, excavations, 11;
see _Nippur_.

_Nika_, mother of Esarhaddon, 340.

_Nimrod_, incidental biblical reference to, 2;
not = Gilgamesh, 514.

_Nimrud_ (mound), unearthed, 7;
temple, 9, 627.

_Nina_, quarter in Lagash, 57, 86;
explanation of name, 86.

_Nina_, goddess, 51;
explanation of name, 86;
centers of worship, 86-8, 635;
associations with Nin-girsu, 87, 635;
relations to Ea, 87-8;
fusion with Ishtar of Nineveh, 88;
interprets a dream, 101;
a daughter of Nin-si-a, 102;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635.

_Nin-a-gal_, god, 51;
meaning of name, 64;
function, 64;
identification with Ea, 64.

_Nin-akha-kuddu_, goddess, 51;
her titles in incantation texts, 103, 282;
in Lugalzaggisi's pantheon, 110;
goddess of purification, 282;
mistress of Uruk, 103, 282;
water deity, 282;
lady of spells, 282.

_Nin-azu_, "god of the great city," 592;
associated with Allatu, 586, 590;
god of healing, 590;
identified with Ninib, 591.

_Nin-dara_, see _Nin-si-a_.

_Nin-dim-su_, god, in the Cassite pantheon, 162, 172;
epithet of Ea, 173.

_Nin-din-dug_, name of Bau. (See Corrections.)

_Nin-e-gal_, variant of Nin-gal, 98.

_Nineveh_, center of action in book of Judith, 3;
site of, 6;
capital of Assyria, 46, 193, 651;
cult of Ishtar, 152, 202-3;
temple E-mash-mash of Ishtar, 152;
resp. of Belit, 227;
Sha-nit(?)-ka, mistress of, 233;
worship of all gods and goddesses, 638;
intellectual center, 651.

_Nin-gal_, god, 51;
center of worship, 97;
relationship to Nannar, 97;
sanctuary at Khorsabad, 231;
Nin-gal's ship, 655.

_Nin-girsu_, solar deity, 51;
subordinate to Bel, 53, 57;
identity with Ninib, 57, 217 (_cf._ 528);
temple E-Ninnu in Girsu, 57, 87, 634-5, 640;
votive offerings, 57;
agricultural deity = Shulgur, 58;
identity with Tammuz, 58;
relations to Nin-shakh, 93;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106;
in incantations, 273;
zikkurat in Lagash or Girsu, 619, 635, 639;
shrine in Lagash, 640;
his ship, 654;
consort of Bau, 59, 677.

_Nin-gish-zida_, solar deity, 51;
a form of Nin-girsu, 92;
meaning of name, 92;
identified with Ninib, Nin-girsu, Nin-shakh, 99, 217, 528, 547;
local character, 99, 528;
temple in Girsu, 99, 635;
in Gudea's inscriptions and incantation texts, 99, 106, 280;
consort of Nusku, 280;
brings famine in the land, 387;
5th month sacred to N., 462, 547;
servant of Gibil, 463;
4th month sacred to, 463;
identical with Gish-zida, 547;
associated with Tammuz, 546, 588;
presides over the growth of trees, 588.

_Nin-gul_, 51;
consort of Lugal-banda, 95;
interpretation of name, 95;
place of worship, 96.

_Ninib_, see _Nin-girsu_, solar deity, 57, 217, 459, 462, 576, 684;
consort of Gula, 105 (_cf._ 576, 591);
of Belitekalli, 173;
in Hammurabi's pantheon, 162;
in Nebuchadnezzar's I. pantheon, 162, 164;
god of war, 164, 214, 218;
= Ud-zal, 166;
associated with Ashur, 214;
epithets, 213-4, 217;
temple in Calah, 214-5 (_cf._ 684);
favorite of Ashurnasirbal and Shamshi-Ramman, 214;
god of the chase in association with Nergal, 216, 218, 237;
hero of the heavenly and earthly spirits, 214;
in association with Nergal and Ashur, 216;
identical with Nin-girsu, 57, 217;
with Nin-azu, 591;
absorbs Nin-gish-zida and Nin-shakh, 217 (_cf._ 547);
represents east sun and morning sun, 217;
first-born of Ea, 217;
offspring of Ekur, 217;
first-born of Bel, 217;
god of destructive cloud storm, 217, 500;
other qualities in religious literature, 218, 576;
name of outer wall of Sargon's II. palace, 237;
lays the foundations of cities, 237;
three forms, 238;
temple in Dilbat, 242;
in incantations, 273, 280;
= Saturn, name of planet, 371, 459;
6th and 11th months sacred, 215, 684;
4th month sacred to N., 462;
in the deluge story, 500 (_cf._ 217), 504;
worshipped at Nippur, 635;
temple of Zamama-Ninib, 640.

_Nin-igi-azag_, title of Ea, 230.

_Nin-igi-nangar-bu_, 171;
presides over metal workers, 178.

_Nin-Karrak_ = goddess Gula, 242;
temple at Babylon (see _Gula_), 242;
in incantations, 273;
temple at Sippar, 294;
in a prayer of Nebuchadnezzar, 294.

_Nin-khar-sag_ = goddess Belit, 164;
in Samsu-iluna's pantheon, 162, 164;
sanctuary at Babylon (see _Belit_), 242, 639.

_Nin-kigal_ = Allatu, 282.

_Nin-kurra_, 171;
lord of mountain, patron of stone workers, 178.

_Nin-lil_, see _Belit_.

_Nin-lil-anna_, in Nebuchadnezzar's II. pantheon, 242;
temple in Babylon, 640.

_Nin-makh_ = Ishtar, 242;
temple at Babylon, 242.

_Nin-mar_, goddess, 51;
center of worship, 100;
her temples in Mar, 100;
daughter of Nina, 100;
popularity of cult, 100;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635;
daughter of Marduk, 168;
temple at Lagash, 635.

_Ninni_, goddess, = Enanna, 51;
titles, 80;
center of worship, 80;
variant of Ishtar, 82;
in Lugal-zaggisi's and Gudea's panthea, 110;
identical with Nana of Uruk, 111;
temple at Hallabi, 117;
her cult by Hammurabi, 144-5;
"Ninni," consort of Zamama, 169;
temple in Kish, 639.

_Nin-shakh_, god, 51;
his character and functions, 93;
identified with Ninib, 93, 217;
relations to Nin-girsu and Nin-gishzida, 92-3;
temple at Uruk, 93.

_Ninshar_, cosmological deity, 417.

_Nin-si-a_, god, 51;
or Nin-dar-a, 90;
center of worship, 91, 635;
absorbed by Nin-girsu, 91;
in Gudea's pantheon, 106, 635.

_Nin-sun_, god, temple of N. at Lagash, 635.

_Nin-tu_, god, temple of N. at Lagash, 635.

_Nin-zadim,_ god, 171; patron of sculpture, 178.

_Nippur_, rulers, 37;
temple of Bel, 11, 37, 69, 51, 54, 151, 642, 644;
temple of Belit, 55, 635;
inscriptions from Nippur, 103;
prominence during Cassite period, 40, 146, 480;
wall of Zakar, 172;
wall of Lugal-mittu, 172;
ancient center, 245, 445;
chief god Del, or En-lil, 445, 542;
reference to N. in Gilgamesh epic, 486;
rivalry betw. Nippur and Eridu, 508;
replaced by Babylon, 542;
zikkurat at N., 617;
worship of Ninib, 635;
worship of Nusku, 635;
votive objects, 671-3.