The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

M >> Morris Jastrow >> The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

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Scheil, F. V.--Psaume de Penitence Chaldeen inedit, RB, 1896, 75-78.

---- Legende Chaldeenne trouvee a El-Amarna [Adapa]. RR Mars-Avril 1891.

---- Choix des Textes Religieux Assyriens. RHR XXXVI. 197-207.

---- Fragments de Poesie lyrique Babylonienne. RB VI. 28-30.

---- Fragment mythologique avec mention de Uddushu-namir patesi. RT XX.
62, 63.

---- Hymne Babylonien avec metre appartent. ZA XI. 291-298.

Schrader, E.--Die Hoellenfahrt der Ishtar. Ein Altbabylonisches Epos.
(Giessen 1874.)

Smith, S. A.--Miscellaneous Texts. (Leipzig 1887.) pp. 1-5, 8-10.

[Portions of the Creation Series.]

Strong, S. Arthur.--A Prayer of Assurbanipal. RP, new series, VI.
102-106; also 9th ICO II. 199-208.

---- Note on a Fragment of the Adapa Legend. PSBA XX. 274-279.

---- On Some Oracles to Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. BA II. 627-645.

---- Votive Inscriptions. RP, new series, IV. 90-95.

---- A Hymn to Nebuchadnezzar. PSBA XX. 154-162.

Talbot, H. Fox.--A Prayer and a Vision. TSBA I. 346-348 and RP VII.
65-68.

[Ashurbanabal's prayer to Ishtar and dream sent by the goddess.]

---- Assyrian Sacred Poetry. RP III. 131-138.

[Prayers and incantations.]

---- Assyrian Talismans and Exorcisms. _Ib._ III. 139-144.

---- War of the Seven Evil Spirits Against Heaven. _Ib._ V. 161-166.

[Incantation text]

Tallquist, K. L.--Die Assyrische Beschwoerungsserie Maqlu. (Leipzig
1894.)

Weissbach, F. H.--Ueber die ersten Tafeln im IV. Bande Rawlinsons.

[Announced.]

---- Eine Sumerisch-Assyrische Beschwoerungsformel IV. Rawl. 16, No. 1 in
'Melanges Charles de Harlez.' (Leiden 1896.) pp. 360-371.

Winckler, H. and Abel Ludwig.--Thontafelfund von El-Amarna. (Berlin
1891.)

[Vol III. pp. 166, _a_ and _b_. Legend of Adapa; see Erman In
KAW Sitzungsberichte XXIII. 585; Lehmann, ZA III. 380; other
mythological fragments, pp. 164-165.]

Zimmern, Heinrich.--Babylonische Busspsalmen, umschrieben, uebersetzt und
erklaert. (Leipzig 1885.) BA VI.

[Also published in part as a thesis.]

---- Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Babylonischen Religion. Erste Lieferung.
Die Beschwoerungslafeln Shurpu. (Leipzig 1896.) AB XII.

---- Zusatzbemerkungen zur Legende von Adapa. BA II. 437, 438.

---- Hexenbeschwoerungen bei den Babyloniern. BAZ, 1891, No. 337.

---- An Old Babylonian Legend from Egypt [Adapa]. SST, 1892, No. 25.

V.

Cosmology.

Barton, G. A.--Tiamat. JAOS XV. 1-28; also PAOS, May 1890, xiii.-xv.

Brunengo, Giuseppe.--L'Impero di Babilonia e di Ninive. (2 vols. Prato
1885.) Capo I. La Cosmogonia de Caldei comparata alla Mosaica, pp.
67-85. Capo II. La Ribellione degli Angeli e la Caduta del Uomo,
(_i.e._, Marduk and Tiamat story), pp. 86-108. Capo IV. La Storia del
Diluvio, pp. 124-140.

Budge, E. A. W.--The Fourth Tablet of the Creation Series, relating to
the fight between Marduk and Tiamat. PSBA VI. 5-11.

---- Fourth Tablet of the Creation Series. PSBA X. 86 and six pls.

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--Texte zur Weltschoepfung und zur Auflehnung und
Bekaempfung der Schlange Tiamat. AL, 3d ed., 1885. pp. 93-99.

---- Das Babylonische Weltschoepfungsepos. (Leipzig 1896.)

Engel, Moritz.--Die Loesung der Paradiesfrage. (Leipzig 1885.)

Halevy, J.--La Cosmologie Babylonienne d'apres M. Jensen. RHR XXII.
180-208.

[Summary and critique of Jensen's 'Kosmologie der Babylonier.']

---- Recherches Bibliques--L'Histoire des Origines d'apres la Genese.
Texte, Traduction et Commentaire. Tome I. Genese I.-XXV. (Paris 1895.)

[Contains translations of the Babylonian Cosmological Texts, and
discusses their bearings on the O. T. narrative. A most
suggestive work.]

---- Recherches Bibliques--Chapter 28, La Creation et les Vicissitudes
du Premier Homme. RS I. 101-117, 193-202.

[Transliteration, translation, and discussion of the Babylonian
Creation Tablets.]

Hommel, F.--Eine Neugefundene Weltschoepfungslegende. DR, 1892, 105-114;
see also Neue Kirchliche Zeitung, I. 393 _seq._, II. 89 _seq._

---- The Oldest Cosmogony. SST, 1891, No. 7.

Jensen, P.--Die Kosmologie der Babylonier. Studien und Materialien.
(Strassburg 1890.)

Jensen, P.--Ursprung und Geschichte des Tierkreises. DR, 1890, 112-116.

Lajard, F.--Fragments d'un Memoire sur le Systeme theogonique et
cosmogonique des Assyriens ou des Chaldeens d'Assyrie. JA, 2^d Series,
XIV. 114-143.

Laurie, Thomas.--Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Deluge. Bibliotheca
Sacra, XLII. 165-168.

Lenormant, F.--Essai de Commentaire sur les Fragments cosmogoniques de
Berose. (Paris 1871.)

[An elaborate treatise on the traditions of Berosus in
connection with the cuneiform account of creation.]

Loisy, A.--Les Mythes Chaldeens de la Creation et du Deluge. (Amiens
1892.) RR, 1896.

[From RR, 1890-1891. See Sec.I.]

Lukas, FR.--Die Grundbegriffe in den Kosmogonieen der Alten Voelker.
1893. pp. 1-46.

[Translations by Jensen, pp. 1-14. Die Kosmogonie der Babylonler
und der Genesis.]

Mueller, D. H.--Die Propheten in ihrer Urspruenglichen Form. (Wien 1895.)
pp. 6-13.

[Translation of considerable portions of the Babylonian creation
narratives. Follows Zimmern.]

Muss-Arnolt, W.--The Cuneiform Account of the Creation. Revised
translation. BW III. 17-27.

---- A Comparative Study of the Translations of the Babylonian Creation
Tablets, with special reference to Jensen's 'Kosmologie' and Barton's
'Tiamat.' H IX. 6-23.

Oppert, J.--Fragments Cosmogoniques in Ledrain's 'Histoire d'Israel.'
(Paris 1882.) pp. 411-422.

[Translation of Creation Series of tablets of deluge.]

---- Le Poeme Chaldeen du Deluge. (Paris 1885.)

---- Die Fragmente der Epopoeen welche die Schoepfung und Sintfluth nach
babylonischer Auffassung betreffen. Verhandlungen Deutscher Philologen
und Schulmaenner, XXXIV. 128, 129.

---- Traductions de quelques textes Assyriens.--Fragments des Recits de
la Creation.--Guerre de Merodach et Tiamat. 4th ICO, 229-238.

Pinches, T. G.--A Babylonian Duplicate of Tablets I. and II. of the
Creation Series. BOR IV. 25-33.

---- The New Version of the Creation Story. 9th ICO, 1892. II. 190-198;
also JRAS, 1891, 393-408; and Academy, 1890, Nos. 968, 974, and the
Times, 1889, Dec. 16.

---- The Non-Semitic Version of the Creation Story. RP, new series, VI.
107-114.

Sayce, H.--The Assyrian Story of the Creation. RP, new series, I.
122-146.

---- Babylonian Legend of the Creation RP XI. 109-114.

---- The Babylonian Story of the Creation according to the Tradition of
Cutha. RP, new series, I. 147-153.

Schrader, E.--Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament. (London
1885.) I. 1-22.

[Translation of portions of the Creation Series with comments;
third German edition announced.]

Smith, George.--The Chaldaean Account of Genesis. (2d ed. London 1881.)
German trans, ed. by Friedrich Delitzsch (Leipzig 1876), under the title
'Chaldaeische Genesis.'

---- On Some Fragments of the Chaldaean Account of the Creation. TSBA
IV. 363, 364.

Stucken, Ed.--Astralmythen der Hebraer, Babylonier und Aegypter. I. und
II. Theil. (Leipzig 1896-1897.)

[Rather fanciful.]

Talbot, H. Fox.--The Fight between Bel and the Dragon. RP IX. 135-140.

[Portion of the Creation Series.]

---- The Fight between Bel and the Dragon and the Flaming Sword which
turned every way. TSBA V. 1-21.

---- The Chaldaean Account of the Creation. RP IX. 115-118; also TSBA V.
426-440.

---- The Revolt in Heaven, from a Chaldaean Tablet. TSBA IV. 349-362.

[Portions of the Creation Series.]

Warren, W. F.--Paradise Found. 10 ed. (Boston 1893.) Part IV. chapter 6.
The Cradle of the Race in Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian Thought.

[Discussion in connection with a general theory of the site of
paradise.]

Ward, W. Hayes.--Contest between Bel-Merodach and the Dragon. PAOS, May
1879. X.

---- Dragon and Serpent in Chaldaean Mythology. PAOS, Oct. 1879, xvii.

---- Bel and the Dragon. AJSL XIV. 94-105.

---- The Dragon Tiamat in Babylonian and Assyrian Art. PAOS, Oct. 1889,
clxviii-clxix.

Zimmern, H.--Translations of the Babylonian Creation and Deluge Stories
in Gunkel's 'Schoepfung und Chaos,' pp. 401-428.

---- 'Koenig Tukulli bei nisi und die Kuthaische Schoepfungslegende.' ZA
XII. 317-330.

[Translation of the Cuthaean Version of the Creation Story.]

VI.

The Gilgamesh Epic

(_including the Deluge Story._)

Adler, C.--The Legends of Semiramis and the Nimrod Epic. JHUC, No. 55.

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--Hymn to Gilgames. BOR VII. 121-125.

---- The Twelfth Izdubar Legend. RP IX. 131-134.

Casanowicz, I. M.--Professor Haupt's Nimrod Epic. JHUC, No. 98.

Cheyne, T. K.--Nimrod, a Kassite King. Academy, 1895, No. 47.

De Lacouperie, Terrien.--The Deluge Tradition and its Remains in Ancient
Chaldaea. BOR pp. 15-24, 49-55, 79-88, 102-111.

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--Article 'Nimrod' in 'Calwer Bibellexikon.'

---- Die Sintflutherzaehlung oder die elfte Tafel des Nimrod Epos. AL.
(3d ed. Leipzig 1885.) 99-109.

Dryoff, K.--Wer ist Chadir? ZA XII. 319-327.

Grivel, Josef.--Nimrod et les Ecritures Cuneiformes. TSBA III, 136-144.

[Proposed identification of Nimrod and Marduk. See also Sayce,
below.]

Hamilton, L. le Cenci.--Ishtar and Izdubar, the Epic of Babylon.
Restored in modern verse. Vol. I. Illustrated. (London 1884.)

Harper, E. T.--The Legend of Etana, Gilgamos and his Kindred in
Folklore. Academy, 1891, No. 995; see also Nos. 985, 987, 988.

Haupt, Paul.--The Cuneiform Account of the Deluge. OTS, 1883, 77-85.

---- Das babylonische Nimrodepos. Keilschrifttext der sogenannten
Izdubarlegenden mit dem Keilinschriftlichen Sintfluthberichte, nach den
Originalen im Britischen Museum copiert und herausgegeben. (Leipzig
1884-1891.) 2 vols. AB III.

---- Die zwoelfte Tafel des Babylonischen Nimrodepos. BA I. 48-79.

---- On Two Passages in the Chaldaean Flood Tablet. PAOS, March 1894,
CV.-CXI.

---- On Some Passages in the Cuneiform Account of the Deluge, with
special reference to the first column of the tablet. JHUC, No. 69.

---- Ergebnisse einer neuen Collation der Izubar Legenden. BA I. 94-152.
See Halevy ZA IV. 61.

---- On the Dimensions of the Babylonian Ark. PAOS, Oct. 1888,
lxxxix.-xc.; see also AJP IX. 419-424.

---- Der Keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht. Eine Episode des
babylonischen Nimrodepos. (Leipzig 1881.)

---- Der Keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht. Umschrift, Uebersetzung,
und Erlaeuterungen in Schrader's 'Die Keilinschriften und das Alte
Testament,' 3d ed., 1898.

[Latest and most satisfactory translation.]

Hoffmann, G.--Die Dubar-Sage und der Keilinschriftliche
Sintfluthbericht. Die Grenzboten, Jahrgang 47.

Hommel, F.--Gis-dubarra, Gibilgamish, Nimrod. PSBA XV. 291-300; XVI.
13-15.

Heuzey, L.--La Lance Colossale d'Izbubar et les Nouvelles Formeles de M.
de Sarzec. AI. Bulletin 1893, 305.

Jastrow, Morris, Jr.--The New Version of the Babylonian Account of the
Deluge. The Independent, Feb. 10, 17, 1898.

Jensen, P.--Gishgimash (=Gilgamish) ein Kossaer? ZA VI. 340-342.

Jeremias, A.--Article 'Izdubar' in Roscher's 'Ausfuehrliches Lexikon der
Griechischen und Roemischen Mythologie.' Vol. II. cols. 773-823.

---- Izdubar-Nimrod. Eine Altbabylonische Heldensage nach den
Keilschriftfragmenten dargestellt. (Leipzig 1891.) See also article by
Quentin in RHR XXXI. 162-177.

Lenormant, F.--Le Deluge et l'Epopee Babylonienne. (Paris 1873.)

Lidzbarski.--Zu den Arabischen Alexandergeschichten. ZA VIII. 263-312.
See also _ib_., 317-319.

---- Wer ist Chadhir? ZA VII. 104-116.

Meissner, Bruno.--Alexander und Gilgamos. (Leipzig 1894.)

---- Einige Bemerkungen zur Erklaerung des Sintfluthberichtes. ZA III.
417-421.

Menant, J.--Le Deluge. Noe dans l'arche. (Paris 1880.)

Moor, Fl.--De la Geste de Gilgames confrontee avec la Bible et avec les
Documents Historiques indigenes. M, June 1897.

Muss-Arnolt, W.--The Chaldaean Account of the Deluge. A revised
translation. BW III. 109-118.

---- Remarks Introductory to a Comparative Study on the Translations of
the Deluge Tablets. PAOS, April 1892, cxc.-cxcv.; also JHUC, No. 98.

Offord, J.--A New Fragment of the Babylonian Deluge Story. PSBA XX. 53,
54.

[Scheil's tablet from Sippara.]

Oppert, J.--The Chaldaean Perseus. BOR V. 1, 2; also CR, 1890, 464, 465.

[Identification of Izdubar-Gilgamesh with Gilgamos in Aelian's
zooelogical work 'De Natura Animalium,' XII. 21. See also Sayce
in the Academy, 1890, No. 966; Ward, _ib_., No. 971; and Kohler,
_ib_., 1891, No. 985.]

---- Nimrod. Bulletin de l'Athenee Orientale, 1873, Jan.-Feb.

Oppert, J.--Le Poeme Chaldeen du Deluge. Traduit de l'Assyrien. (Paris
1885.)

Pinches, T. G.--Exit Gishtubar. BOR IV, 264.

[Proposal to read the name of the Babylonian hero Gilgamesh.
_Cf._ Sayce in Academy, 1890, No. 966, and Ward, _ib._, No.
971.]

Rawlinson, H. C.--The Izdubar Legends. Athenaeum, 1872, No. 2354.

Rochette, Raoul.--Memoire sur l'Hercule Assyrien et Phenicien. AI
Memoires, 2^me Partie, XVII. 9-374.

Sauveplane, F.--Une Epopee Babylonienne. Ishtubar-Gilgames. (Paris
1894.)

Sayce, A. H.--On Nimrod and the Assyrian Inscription. TSBA II. 248, 249;
see also Academy, 1893, No. 1054.

[Proposed identification of Nimrod with Amar-ud = Marduk, the
head of the Babylonian Pantheon.]

---- The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments. (London
1894.) pp. 97-119.

Scheil, F. V.--Notes d'Epigraphie et d'Archeologie Assyrienne. XXX. Un
Fragment d'un Nouveau Recit du Deluge de l'Epoque du Roi Ammizaduga. RT
XX. 55-59; see also RB, 1898, 5-9.

---- The New Babylonian Account of the Deluge. The Independent, Jan. 20,
1898.

Smith, George.--The Chaldaean Account of the Deluge. TSBA II. 203-234.

---- The Eleventh Tablet of the Izdubar Legends. The Chaldaean Account
of the Deluge. TSBA III. 530-596; also RP VII. 133.

Suess, Ed.--Die Sintfluth in 'Das Antlitz der Erde.' (Leipzig 1883.) pp.
25-98.

[Discussion of the Babylonian tale with notes by Prof. Paul
Haupt.]

Talbot, H. Fox.--Ishtar and Izdubar, being the 6th Tablet of the Izdubar
Series. Translated from the Cuneiform. TSBA V. 97-121; also RP IX.
119-128.

---- Commentary on the Deluge Tablet. TSBA IV. 49-83.

---- Tablet in the British Museum Relating Apparently to the Deluge.
TSBA IV. 129-131.

[Talbot's supposition is erroneous.]

VII.

Beliefs, Legends, Ethics, and Special Phrases of the Religion.

Ader, Cyrus.--The Views of the Babylonians Concerning Life after Death.
AR, 1888, 92-101; see also PAOS, Oct. 1887, ccxxxviii.-ccxliii.

Ball, C. J.--Glimpses of Babylonian Religion. I. Human Sacrifices. II.
The Gods and Their Images. PSBA XIV. 149-162.

Bonavia, E.--The Sacred Trees of the Assyrian Monuments. BOR III. 7-12,
35-40, 56-61; see also IV. 95, 96.

---- The Sacred Trees of Assyria. 9th ICO, pp. 245-257.

[Arguments not conclusive.]

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--Notes on the Religion and Mythology of the
Assyrians. TSBA IV. 267-301.

---- Texts Bearing on the Belief in Immortality. (1) 12^th Izdubar
Tablet. (2) Descent of Ishtar. (3) 7^th Izdubar Tablet. (4) Hymn to
Marduk. BOR IV. 251-254.

---- Babylonian Witchcraft. ET, 1898, 228-230.

---- Notes on Assyrian Religion and Mythology. TSBA VI. 535-542.

[Translations of some religious texts. General remarks.]

---- Babylonian Teraphim. BOR I. 39, 40.

---- The Babylonian Legend of the Serpent Tempter. BOR IV. 251-255.

---- Oriental Eschatology (Egypt and Chaldaea). BOR VI. 38-42.

---- The Plague Legends of Chaldaea. BOR I. 11-14.

Clermont-Ganneau.--L'Enfer Assyrien. RAr, 2d Series, XXXVIII. 337-349.

Craig, James A.--The Babylonian Ishtar Epic. OTS VIII. 249-256.

Goessling, E.--Die Hoelle nach Babylonisch-Assyrischer Anschauung. TZ,
1895, No. 3.

Halevy, J.--L'Immortalite de l'Ame chez les Peuples Semitiques. RAr, 2d
Series, XLIV. 44-53.

[Translation and discussion of Ishtar's descent into the nether
world.]

Halevy, J.--Le Rapt de Persephone ou Proserpine par Pluton chez les
Babyloniens. RS I. 372-376.

Haug, M.--Die Unsterblichkeit der Seele bei den Chaldaeern. BAZ, 1875,
Nos. 70, 71.

Heuzey, L.--Mythes Chaldeens. RA, 3d Series, XXVI. 295-308.

Hilprecht, H. V.--Serpent and Tree in Babylonian Records. SST, 1893, No.
52.

Hincks, Edward.--On the Assyrian Mythology. RIA Memoirs, 1854, 405-422.

Hommel, F.--Hexenverbrennungen im alten Babylonien. Muenchener Neueste
Nachrichten, 1896, No. 415.

Jastrow, Morris, Jr.--The Ethics of the Babylonians and Assyrians. ER.
III. 65-77.

---- The Babylonian Term Shu'alu. AJSL XIV. 165-170.

Jensen, Peter.--The Queen in the Babylonian Hades and Her Consort. SST,
1897, Nos. 11, 12.

---- The Supposed Babylonian Origin of the Week and the Sabbath. SST,
1892, No. 3.

Jeremias, A.--Die Babylonisch-Assyrischen Vorstellungen vom Leben nach
dem Tode. (Leipzig 1897.)

---- Articles 'Arallu' and 'Etana.'

[Announced to appear in the supplement to Roscher's
'Ausfuehrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und Roemischen
Mythologie.']

Kiesewetter, Carl.--Der Occultismus des Alterthums. (Leipzig 1896.) Book
I. 364 _seq._, 'Der Occultismus bei den Akkadern, Babyloniern, Chaldaeern
und Assyriern.'

[Based largely upon Lenormant's 'Chaldaean Magic.']

Laurent, A.--La Magie et la Divination chez les Chaldeo-Assyriens.
(Paris 1894.)

Lenormant, F.--La Legende de Semiramis. (Paris 1872.)

[A transformed Ishtar legend.]

Oppert, J.--L'Immortalite de l'Ame chez les Chaldeens. (Paris 1875.)

[Translation of Ishtar's descent into the nether world.]

Pinches, T. G.--The Messianic Idea among the Early Babylonians and
Assyrians. Academy, 1887, Nos. 816, 818, 820.

Ravenshaw, E. C.--On the Winged Bulls, Lions, and Other Symbolical
Figures from Nineveh. JRAS, 1854, 93-117.

[Contains some interesting suggestions on Babylonian mythology,
but the paper as a whole is antiquated.]

Sayce, A. H.--Ancient Babylonian Moral and Political Precepts. RP VII.
119-122.

---- The Babylonian Legend of the Creation of Man. Academy, 1893, No.
1055.

---- Babylonian Folk-Lore. FLJ I. 16-22.

Scheil, Fr. V.--Relief Cisele representant une Scene Funeraire
Babylonienne. RT XX. 59-62.

---- Le Culte de Gudea. RT XVIII. 64-74.

Talbot, H. Fox.--On the Religious Belief of the Assyrians. Nos. I., II.,
III., IV. TSBA I. 106-115; II. 29-79, 346-352.

[No. I. contains text and translation of two prayers; Nos. II
and III., Incantation Texts; No. IV., Future Punishment of the
Wicked.]

---- Legend of the Descent of Ishtar. RP I. 141-149.

---- Revised Translation of the Descent of Ishtar with a Further
Commentary. TSBA III. 118-135. Addenda pp. 357-360.

Thureau-Daugin, F.--Le Culte des Rois dans la Periode Prebabylonienne.
RT XIX. 185-187.

Tiele, C. P.--Cyrus de Groote en de Godsdienst van Babel in 'Melanges,
Charles de Harlez' (Leiden 1896), 307-312.

Tyler, Thomas.--The Babylonian Idea of a Disembodied Soul. BOR I. 55-57.

Tylor, Edward B.--The Winged Figures of the Assyrians and Other Ancient
Monuments. PSBA XII. 383-393; see also RHR XXII. 209-220.

[Explanation of the symbols on Assyrian sculptures.]

Ward, W. H.--On the Representation of the Solar Disk. AJT II. 115-118.

Warren, W. F.--Gates of Sunrise in Ancient Babylonian Art. BOR III.
241-244.

Zimmern, H.--Vater, Sohn und Fuersprecher in der Babylonischen
Gottesvorstellung. (Leipzig 1896.)

[See review by Jastrow, AJT I. 468-474.]

VIII.

Temples and Cult.

Ball, C. J.--Glimpses of Babylonian Religion. I. Human Sacrifices. II.
The Gods and Their Images. PSBA XIV. 149-162.

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--The Babylonian and Jewish Festivals. BOR IV.
34-38.

D'Alviella, Goblet.--Des Symboles qui ont influence la Representation
figuree des Pierres Comiques chez les Semites. RHR XX. 135-150.

Jeremias, Johann.--Die Cultustafel von Sippar. BA I. 267-92.

[An important archive of the Sharmash temple at Sippar,
illustrative of the cult.]

Karppe, S.--Melanges de Critique Biblique et d'Assyriologie. RS II.
146-151.

[The Babylonian festival Zagmuk und the Biblical New Year.]

Koldewey, Robert.--Die altbabylonischen Graeber in Surghul und El Hibba.
ZA II. 403-430.

[Funeral customs.]

Kohut, A.--The Talmudic Records of the Persian and Babylonian Festivals
critically illustrated. AJSL XIV. 182-194. See also REJ XXIV. 256-271.

[Insufficient discussion.]

Menant.--Les Sacrifices sur les Cylindres Chaldeens. Gazette
Archeologique, 1883, Nos. 7-9.

Perrot & Chiplez.--A History of Art in Chaldaea and Assyria. (London
1884.) Eng. trans. Vol. I. chapters III., IV.

[Temples and Tombs.]

Peters, J. P.--Nippur. Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates.
Vol. II. chapter V., The Oldest Temple in the World. Chapter VIII.,
Coffins and Burial Customs.

Pinches, T. G.--Sin-Gashid's Endowment of the Temple E-ana. RP, new
series, I. 78-83. See also BOR I. 8-11.

---- A Fragment of a Babylonian Tithe List. _Ib._ I. 76-78.

---- Gifts to a Babylonian Bitili or Bethel. _Ib._ II. 142-145.

Rawlinson, H. C.--On the Birs Nimrud, or the Great Temple of Borsippa.
JRAS, 1861, 1-24.

Reber, F.--Ueber altchaldaeische Kunst ... Der Tempelbau. ZA I. 149-164.

Sayce, A. H.--A Babylonian Saint's Cylinder. RP VII. 157-170.

[Days sacred, and otherwise, of the month of Elul, with
directions for religious ceremonies to be observed.]

---- On Human Sacrifice among the Babylonians. TSBA IV. 25-31.

Tiele, C. P.--De Hoofdtempel van Babel en die van Borsippa. KAW
Afdeeling 'Letterkunde' (1886) 3^de Reeks Deel III; also in German ZA
II. 179-190.

Tristram, H. B.--Sacrifices in Babylonia and Phoenicia. SST, 1894, No.
1.

Ward, W. H.--On Some Babylonian Cylinders, supposed to Represent Human
Sacrifices. PAOS, May 1888, xxviii.-xxx.

IX.

Bearings on the Old Testament; General Influence.

Anz, Wilhelm.--Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Gnostizismus. (Leipzig
1897.) pp. 58-112, Die Herkunft ... aus Babylonien.

Ball, C. J.--The First Chapter of Genesis and the Babylonian
Cosmogonies. PSBA XVIII.

Bonnett, E.--Les Decouvertes Assyriennes et le Livre de la Genese.
(Paris 1884.)

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--The Bible and the Monuments. (London 1895.)

Brandt, W.--Die Assyrisch-Babylonische Keilschriftliteratur und das Alte
Testament. Deutsch-evang. Blaetter, 1884. Heft 3. pp. 164-187.

Brown, Francis.--Critical review with valuable comments of E. Schrader's
'Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament.' AJP IV. 338-343.

---- The Sabbath in the Cuneiform Records. PR, 1882, 688-700.

---- Assyriology: Its Use and Abuse in Old Testament Study. (New York
1885.)

Brown, Robert, Jr.--Semitic Influence in Hellenic Mythology. (London
1898.)

[Part III. discusses Babylonian Influence.]

Buddensieg, R.--Die Assyrischen Ausgrabungen und das Alte Testament.
(Heilbronn 1880.)

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--Wo Lag das Paradies? Eine
Biblisch-Assyriologische Studie. (Leipzig 1881.)

[See Francis Brown. OTS IV. 1-12.]

Evetts, B. A.--New Light on the Bible and the Holy Land. (London 1892.)

Gruppe, O.--Die Griechischen Kulte und Mythen in ihren Beziehungen zu
den Orientalischen Religionen. (Leipzig 1887.)

Gunkel, H.--Schoepfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit. (Goettingen 1895.)

[A most important discussion of the relationship of the Biblical
creation narratives to the Babylonian cosmology.]

Halevy, J.--Recherches Bibliques. (Paris 1896.)

Haupt, Paul.--Wo Lag das Paradies? Ueber Land und Meer, 1894-1895, No.
15.

[Also syllabus of lectures before the Gratz College of
Philadelphia, Dec 10, 1895, on 'The Site of Paradise and the
Nimrod Epic.']

Jastrow, Morris, Jr.--The Bible and the Assyrian Monuments. The Century
Magazine, XLVII. 395-411.

[Translated into French by E. Lacordaire in Revue des Revues,
1894 227-235.]

---- The Original Character of the Hebrew Sabbath. AJT II. 312-352.

[Relationship between Hebrew and Babylonian Sabbath.]

---- Adam and Eve in Babylonian Literature.

[Announced.]

Jensen, P.--The Cult of Ashera and the Cult of Mary.

[Announced to appear in the Sunday School Times, 1898.]

Kessler, K.--Ueber Gnosis und Altbabylonische Religion. 5^th ICO, II.
Part I. 288-305.

Kellner, M. L.--The Deluge in the Izdubar Epic and the Old Testament.

[Reprinted from the Church Review, November, 1888.]

Lacouperie, T. de.--Origin from Babylonia and Elam of the Early Chinese
Civilization. Series of articles in the BOR III-VIII.

[Also in book form under the title, 'Origin of Early Chinese
Civilization and its Western Sources.' (London 1894.)
Lacouperie's method is unsatisfactory. The theory, however,
merits farther investigation.]

Lotz, W.--Quaestiones de Historia Sabbati. (Leipzig 1883.)

Lyon, D. G.--Assyrian Study: Its Bearing on the Old Testament. The
Christian Register, 1885, Nos. 15, 16.

Menant, J.--Remarques sur un Cylindre du Musee Britannique. La Bible et
les Cylindres Chaldeens. CR, 1879, 270-286.

[Discussion of a scene on a cylinder supposed to represent the
first human pair and the serpent.]

Meyer, Ed.--Der Babylonische Einfluss auf Judenthum und Christenthum.
BAZ, 1894, No. 344.