The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

M >> Morris Jastrow >> The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria

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Periodicals, the volumes of which correspond to years, are quoted by the
years; others, by the volumes, or by series, or by series and volumes.

Roman numerals indicate volumes, except in the case of PAOS, where they
indicate pages; Arabic numerals indicate pages or plates.

I.

Excavations.--Method of Decipherment.--History of Babylonia and
Assyria.--Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian And Assyrian
Culture.--General Bibliography.

(_a_) _Excavations and Decipherment._

Kaulen, Fr.--Assyrien und Babylonien nach den neuesten Entdeckungen.
(4th ed. Freiburg 1891.)

[Popular account of excavations, method of decipherment,
Babylonian literature and architecture. A work in English of
this character is much to be desired. See also Hommel,
F.--Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Berlin 1885. pp.
30-134; Evetts, B. A.--New Light on the Holy Land. London 1891.
pp. 79-129.]

(_b_) _History._

Duncker, Max.--Geschichte des Alterthums. Vols. I. and II, (5th ed.
Berlin 1878.)

[Also English translation of earlier edition.]

Hommel, F.--Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Berlin 1885.)

---- Geschichte des alten Morgenlandes. (Stuttgart 1895.)

[Chapters I., IV.-VIII.]

Lenormant, Francois [and Ernest Babelon].--Histoire ancienne de
l'Orient. Vol. IV. (9th ed. Paris 1885.)

Maspero, G.--The Dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea. (London
1894.)

---- The Struggle of the Nations: Egypt, Syria, and Assyria. (London
1896.)

[Replacing earlier historical works of this author.]

Meyer, Ed.--Geschichte des Alterthums. Vol. 1. (Stuttgart 1884.)

Muerdter und Delitzsch.--Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und
Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.)

Ragozin, Z.--(1) The Story of Chaldea. (2) The Story of Assyria. (New
York 1886-1887.)

Rawlinson, George.--The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern
World. Vols. I.-III. (4th ed. London 1879.)

[Antiquated, but still of some use.]

Rogers, R. W.--Outlines of the History of Early Babylonia. (Leipzig
1895.)

Schmidt, Valdemar.--Assyriens og Aegyptens gamle Historie. (Copenhagen
1872-1877.)

[pp. 347-461]

Tiele, C. P.--Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (Gotha 1886.)

[The best history that has as yet been published.]

Wachsmuth, Curt.--Einleitung in das Studium der alten Geschichte.
(Leipzig 1895.)

[pp. 365-403 "Babylonier und Assyrier,"--indication of ancient
and modern sources for the study.]

Winckler, Hugo.--Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Leipzig 1892.)

(_c_) _Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian-Assyrian Culture._

Baumstark, A.--Babylon and Babylonia.

[In Pauly-Wissowa's Real Encyclopaedie, II. cols. 2667-2718.]

Bezold, C.--Assyria.

[_Ib._ II. cols. 1751-1771.]

Hommel, F.--Der Babylonische Ursprung der Aegyptischen Kultur. (Munich
1892.)

Ihering, Rudolph Von.--Vorgeschichte der Indo-Europaeer. (Leipzig 1894.)
2tes Buch, 'Arier und Semiten,' pp. 93-305.

[A most suggestive sketch of the development and influence of
Babylonian culture; also in English translation, 'The Evolution
of the Aryan.' New York 1897.]

Nikel, Johannes.--Herodot und die Keilschriftforschung. (Paderborn
1896.)

Peiser, F. E.--Skizze der Babylonischen Gesellschaft. (Berlin 1896.)

[Brief but capital sketch of Babylonian culture and social
life.]

(_d_) _Bibliography._

Bezold, C.--Kurzgefasster Ueberblick ueber die Babylonisch-Assyrische
Literatur. (Leipzig 1886.)

[A new edition is needed of this most valuable work.]

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--'Litteratura' in the appendix to his 'Assyrian
Grammar.' (London 1889.) pp. 55-78.

Kaulen, Fr.--Assyrien und Babylonien (as above), pp. 248-266.

Lincke, A.--Bericht ueber die Fortschritte der Assyriologie in den Jahren
1886-1893. (Leipzig 1894.)

Full bibliographical reports are given in:

(1) The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
(University of Chicago; quarterly).

(2) Jahrbuecher fuer Geschichte, ed. by I. Jastrow and E. Berner (Berlin;
annual).

(3) Orientalische Bibliographie, ed. by Lucian Scherman (Berlin;
semi-annual).

(4) Zeitschrift fuer Assyriologie, ed. by C. Bezold (Munich; quarterly).

(5) Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archeologie Orientale, ed. by J. Oppert
and E. Ledrain (Paris; published at irregular intervals).

II.

General Works and Articles on the Religion of Babylonia and Assyria.

Berger, P.--'Assyrie' in Lichtenberger's 'Encyclopedie des Sciences
Religieuses.'

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--Lectures on the Religion of Babylonia [abstract]
BOR III. 118-120, 150-163.

---- The Religion of Babylonia in 'Religious Systems of the World.'
(Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 1896. pp. 15-25.)

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--The Religion of the Kassites. H 1885. 189-191.

[From Delitzsch's 'Sprache der Kossaer.' Leipzig 1884. pp.
51-54.]

Eerdmans, B. D.--Babylonian-Assyrian Religion.

[In 'Progress,' a publication issued by the University
Association, Chicago, Ill. 3d series, No. 6 (1897), pp.
403-415.]

Finzi, Felice.--Ricerche per lo Studio dell' Antichita Assira. (Rome
1872.) Libro Secondo. Mitologia, pp. 433-554.

[General sketch of the religion, more particularly of the
pantheon and legends of Babylonia and Assyria.]

Guyard, S.--Bulletin de la Religion Assyro-Babylonienne. RHR I. 327-345;
V. 253-278.

Halevy, Joseph.--La Religion des Anciens Babyloniens et son plus recent
historien M. Sayce. RHR XVII. 169-218.

[Elaborate review of Sayce's work on the 'Religion of the
Babylonians,' with summary of Halevy's own views.]

Heuzey, Leon.--Description of Monuments in De Sarzec's 'Decouvertes en
Chaldee.' (Paris 1889-1891.) pp. 77-240.

[Contains much valuable information on religious art, votive
objects, representations of religious ceremonies. The
publication is not yet complete.]

Hewitt, J. F.--Early History of Northern India, Part III. JRAS, 1889,
527-583.

[An attempt to trace the origin of Indian civilization to
emigrants from southern Babylonia. The investigation has little
value.]

Hincks, Edward.--On the Assyrian Mythology. RIA Transactions XXII.
Polite Literature, 1854, 405-422.

Hommel, F.--Die Semitischen Voelker und Sprachen. (Leipzig 1883.) pp.
356-396. Die Religion der alten Babylonier, pp. 266-356. Sprache und
Literatur der Sumero-Akkadier.

[Specimens of hymns and incantations.]

Jeremias, Friedrich.--'Die Babylonier und Assyrier' in Chantepie de la
Saussaye's 'Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte.' (2d ed. Freiburg 1897.)
I. 163-221.

[An excellent sketch of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion.]

Lenormant, Francois.--Les Sciences Occultes en Asie. I. La Magie chez
les Chaldeens et les Origines Accadiennes. II. La Divination et la
Science des Presages chez les Chaldeens. (Paris 1874-1875.)

[Also in English translation (in part) under the title
'Chaldaean Magic.' London 1877.]

Loisy, A.--Etudes sur la Religion Chaldeo-Assyrienne. (RR, 1890-1892.)

[Seven articles.]

Meyer, Ed.--Geschichte des Alterthums. I. 174-183. (Stuttgart 1884.)

Muerdter und Delitzsch.--Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und
Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.) pp. 23-53.

Oppert, J.--'Babylone et Chaldee' in Lichtenberger's 'Encyclopedie des
Sciences Religieuses.'

Pinches, T. G.--The Religious Ideas of the Babylonians. JTVI XXVIII.
1-22.

Pressense, E. de.--La Religion Chaldeo-Assyrienne. RHR XIV. 73-94.

Rawlinson, George.--The Religions of the Ancient World. (New York 1883.)

[Chapter II.--The Religion of the Assyrians and Babylonians.]

---- The Religion of Assyria in 'Religious Systems of the World.' (Swan
Sonnenschein & Co. London 1896.) pp. 26-41.

Rawlinson, H. C.--The Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians.

[In George Rawlinson's 'The History of Herodotus.' London 1859.
Vol. I. Essay X.]

Sayce, A. H.--The Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the
Religion of the Ancient Babylonians. (London 1887.)

[Brilliant and suggestive, but unreliable in details. The
translations attached to the volume are to be accepted with
caution. See Halevy's elaborate review, RHR XVII. 169-218.]

Strong, S. A.--Die Religion der Babylonier.

[Announced to appear.]

Schwally, F.--'Die Religion der Babylonier und Assyrier,' in Friedrich
von Hellwald's 'Kulturgeschichte in ihrer natuerlichen Entwicklung bis
zur Gegenwart.' (4th ed. Leipzig 1896.) I. 423-433.

Tiele, C. P.--Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (1886.) pp. 515-557.
Religion: Die Mythologie und Glaubenslehre.

---- Vergelijkende Geschiedenis der Aegyptische en Mesopotamische
Godsdiensten. (Amsterdam 1869.) pp. 282-413. De Godsdienst van Babel en
Assur.

[French translation (abridged) by G. Collins, 'Histoire Comparee
des Anciennes Religions de l'Egypte et des Peuples Semitiques.'
Paris 1882, pp. 145-255. La Religion de Babylonie et de
l'Assyrie. Also English translation by J. Ballingue. 1882.]

---- Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum bis auf Alexander den Grossen.
(Gotha 1895.) I. 127-216. Die Religion in Babylonien und Assyrien.

[Also in Dutch. Amsterdam 1893.]

III.

Pantheon, Gods, Spirits, Heroes.

Ball, C. J.--Tammuz, the Swine-god. PSBA XVI. 195-200.

Barton, G. A.--The Semitic Ishtar Cult. H IX. 131-165; X. 1-73.

---- Was Ilu Ever a Distinct Deity in Babylonia? H X. 206, 207.

Bezold, C.--A Cuneiform List of Gods. PSBA XI. 173, 174; see also IX.
377.

---- Note on the god Addu or Daddu. _Ib._ p. 377.

---- Ueber Keilinschriftliche Babylonisch-Assyrische Goettertypen. ZA IX.
114-125, 405-409.

Chwolson, D. A.--Ueber Tammuz und die Menschenverehrung bei den alten
Babyloniern. (St. Petersburg 1860.)

De Cara, Caesare.--Identificazione d'Iside e d'Osiride con Ishtar ed
Ashur. 8th ICO, Section Semitique 2^me Fasc, 275-278.

Delitzche, Friedrich.--Article on 'Thammuz' in 'Calwer, Bibellexikon.'
(Calw und Stuttgart 1885.)

---- Articles on Dagon, Merodach, Nebo, Nergal, Nisroch, Rimmon. _Ib._

Eerdmans, B.--Goddess A (or Malkatu) in 'Melekdienst en Vereering von
Hemellichamen in Israel's Assyrische Periode.' (Leiden 1891.) pp. 73-82.

Guyard, S.--Le Dieu Assyrien Ninib. RC, 1879, 1^er Mars.

Hoffmann, G.--Neue und Alte Goetter (Nin-gal, Nusku, Ea, Nabu, Gibil,
Ninib, Nergal, Sin). ZA XI. 258-292.

[Chiefly discussions of symbols of these deities found upon seal
cylinders.]

Hommell, Fritz.--Die Identitaet der aeltesten Babylonischen und
Aegyptischen Goettergenealogie und der Babylonische Ursprung der
Aegyptischen Kultur. 9th ICO II. 218-244.

---- Note on Ninib. PSBA XIX. 312-314.

Jastrow, Morris, Jr.--On the Assyrian Kuduru and the Ring of the Sun-god
in the Abu-Habba Tablet. PAOS, Oct. 1888. XCV.-XCVIII.

Jensen, P.--Ueber einige Sumero-Akkadische und Babylonisch-Assyrische
Goetternamen. ZA, 1886. I. 1-24.

[Anshar, Ashur, Igigi, Duzu, or Tammuz. _Cf._ Schrader's
remarks, _ib._ pp. 209-217.]

---- Die Goetter Amurru und Ashratu. ZA XI. 302-305.

---- Nik(k)al-Sharratu; Sharratu in Harran. ZA XI. 293-301.

Jeremias, A.--Articles on Ashur, Marduk, Nebo, Nergal, Shamash, Sin,
Tammuz in Roscher's 'Ausfuehrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und
Roemischen Mythologie.'

[Articles on Adar, Anu, Anunnaki, Ea, Etana announced to appear
in the supplement to Roscher's 'Ausfuehrliches Lexikon,' etc.]

Lenormant, Francois.--Il mito di Adone-Tammuz nei documenti cuneiformi.
4th ICO, 1878. I. 143-173.

---- Sur le nom de Tammuz. 1st ICO II. 149-165.

---- Les Dieux de Babylone et de l'Assyrie. (Paris 1877.)

Luzzato, P.--L'Existence d'un Dieu Assyrien nomme Semiramis. JA, 4th
Series, XVII. 465-480.

Lyon, D. G.--Was there at the Head of the Babylonian Pantheon a Deity
bearing the Name El? PAOS, May 1883, clxiv.-clxviii.

---- The Pantheon of Assurbanipal. PAOS, Oct. 1888, xciv., xcv.

Menant, J.--Le Mythe de Dagon. RHR XI. 295-301.

[Also in 'Les Pierres Gravees de la Haute Asie. Recherches de la
Glyptique Orientale.' Paris 1883.]

---- Le Pantheon Assyro-Chaldeen. Les Beltis. RHR VIII. 489-519.

[The representation of goddesses engraved on seal cylinders. See
also 'Les Pierres Gravees de la Haute Asie,' etc., as above.]

Meyer, Eduard.--Articles Baal and Astarte (with references to Bel and
Ishtar) in Roscher's 'Ausfuehrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und
Roemischen Mythologie.'

Nicolsky, M. V.--La Deesse des Cylindres et des Statuettes
Babyloniennes. RAr, 3^me serie, XX. 36-43.

Offord, J.--The Nude Goddess in Assyro-Babylonian Art. PSPA XVIII. 156,
157.

Oppert, Jules.--La Vraie Assimilation de la Divinite de Tello. CR, 1884,
231-233.

---- Le Dieu de Sirtella [_i.e._, Lagash]. ZK II. 261, 262.

[M. Oppert accepts the reading Nin-girsu first proposed by
Arthur Amlaud. Ib. pp. 151, 152.]

---- Adad. ZA IX. 310-314.

[Discussion of pronunciation. See also Hilprecht, 'Assyriaca,'
pp. 76-78, and Jastrow, AJSL XII. 143.]

Pinches, Theo. G.--Note upon the divine name A. PSBA XIII. 25-27, 42-56.

---- Was Ninib the Most High God of Salem? Ib. XVI. 225-229.

---- The Pronunciation of the Name of the Plague-god, Urra not Dibbarra.
BOR I. 207, 208.

[See Scheil, RT. XX. 57.]

---- A Bilingual List of Assyrian Gods. Academy, 1887, No. 816.

[See Evetts, _ib._ No. 819.]

Rawlinson, H. C.--Notes on Captain Durand's Report upon the Islands of
Bahrein. JRAS, 1880, 201-227.

[Contains important remarks on the origin of Ea worship at the
Persian Gulf, pp. 202-208.]

Reisner, George.--The Different Classes of Babylonian Spirits. PAOS,
April 1892, cxcv., cxcvi.

Revillout, E. and V.--Istar Taribi. BOR II. 57-59.

Robiou, F. A.--A Study on Egyptian and Babylonian Triads. IAQR, 1894.

Sayce, A. H.--Who was Dagon? SST, 1893, No. 21.

---- The God Ramman. ZA II. 331, 332.

Scheil, Fr. V.--Le Dieu-roi Bur-Sin Planete. ZA XII. 265, 266.

---- Ishtar sous la symbole de la vache. RT XX. 62.

---- Le Culte de Gudea. RT XVIII. 64-74.

Schrader, E.--Die Goettin Ishtar als Malkatu und Sharratu. ZA III.
353-364; IV. 74, 75

---- Die Malkat hash-Shamayim und ihr Aramaeisch-Assyrisches Aequivalent.
KAW Sitzungsberichte, 1886, 477-491.

[See also Stade in ZATW VI. 123-132; 289-339; and Kuenen KAA
Afdeeling 'Letterkunde,' 1888, 157-189.]

Talbot, H. Fox.--The Legend of Ishtar Descending to Hades. TSBA II.
179-212. See also RPI, 141-149.

Thureau-Daugin, Fr.--La Lecture de l'Ideogramme AN-IM (Ramman). JA, 9th
Series, II. 385-393.

[See also Oppert, _ib._ pp. 393-396.]

Tiele, C. P.--- La Deesse Ishtar surtout dans le mythe Babylonien. 6th
ICO, Part II. Section I. 493-506.

[See also discussion in the Comptes Rendus of the Congress, pp.
87-91.]

---- Die Beteekenis van Ea en zijn verkoudung tot Marduk en Nabu. KAA
Verslagen en Mededeelingen 'Letterkunde,' 1887, 67-81.

Ward, W. H.--The Babylonian Gods in Babylonian Art. PAOS, May 1890,
xv.-xviii.

---- Was there a Babylonian Gate-god? Academy, 1888, No. 847.

Winckler, H.--Die Istar von Nineve in Egypten. MVG I. 286-289.

Witte, J. de.--Sur le nom de Thamouz attribue a Adonis. M, 1887, 81
_seq._

Zehnpfund, R.--Altbabylonische Goetter und Heldensagen. BAZ, 1891, Nos.
39, 40, 52, 56, 63.

IV.

Religious Texts.

_Hymns, Incantations, Omens, Oracles, Prayers, Legends, Myths, Votive
Texts._

Ball, C. J.--A Bilingual Hymn (IVR 46, 5-19) PSBA XV. 51-54.

---- A Babylonian Ritual Text. JRAS, 1892, 841-853.

Banks, E. J.--Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen der von George Reisner
herausgegebenen Sammlung, umschrieben, uebersetzt und erklaert. (Breslau
1897.)

Barton, G. A.--Esarhaddon's Account of the Restoration of Ishtar's
Temple at Erech. PAOS, May 1891, cxxx.-cxxxii.

Bertin, G.--Akkadian Hymn to the Setting Sun. RP, new series, II.
190-193.

Bezold, C.--Remarks on Some Unpublished Cuneiform Syllabaries with
Respect to Prayers and Incantations written in Interlinear Form. PSBA X.
418-423.

---- Translation and Analysis of a Hymn to the Sun-god (Sp III.). RA I.
157-161.

Boissier, Alfred.--Deux Documents Assyriens relatifs aux Presages. RS I.
63-70, 168-172.

---- Documents Assyriens relatifs aux Presages.

[Vols. I. and II., Paris 1894-1897. Vol. III. announced.]

---- Notes d'Assyriologie. RS VI. 143-151.

[Two texts--a Prayer and an Incantation.]

Boscawen, W. St. Chad.--The Babylonian Legend of the Serpent Tempter.
BOR IV. 251-255.

---- Babylonian Teraphim. BOR I. 39, 40.

---- The Legend of the Tower of Babel. RP III. 129-132; also in the TSBA
V. 303-312.

[The interpretation is erroneous.]

Bruennow, R.--Assyrian Hymns. ZA IV. 1-40, 225-258; V. 55-80.

[Hymns to Shamash, Marduk, and Ishtar.]

Budge, Ernest A.--Assyrian Incantations to Fire and Water. RP XI.
133-138; also in TSBA VI. 420-435.

Craig, Jas. A.--Prayer of the Assyrian King Ashurbanipal. H X. 75-87.

---- Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, Vols. I. and II. (Leipzig
1895-1897.) AB XIII.

[Announces also volumes of texts (1) Prayers to Shamash and
Ramman, and (2) Series 'Illumination of Bel.']

---- K 69 (a hymn). ZA XI. 276.

---- An Assyrian Incantation to the God Sin, cir. 650 B.C. H XI.
101-109.

Delattre, A. J.--The Oracles Given in Favor of Esarhaddon. RP, new
series, III. 25-31; see also BOR III. 25-31.

Delitzsch, Friedrich.--Babylonisch-Assyrisches Psalmbuch.

[Announced to appear in the 'Abhandlungen der koeniglichen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig.']

---- Assyrische Lesestuecke. (Leipzig 1885. 3d ed.)

[Contains a selection of religious texts as follows: pp. 93-99,
Creation tablets; 99-104, Deluge episode; 117, 118, Oracle to
Esarhaddon; 130-132, Incantations; 134-136, Hymn to Ishtar.]

Evetts, B. T. A.--An Assyrian Religious Text. PSBA X. 478, 479 and two
plates.

[Apparently a royal prayer.]

Halevy, J.--Assyrian Fragments. RP XI. 157-162.

[Part of a hymn, of a penitential psalm, etc.]

---- Documents religieux de l'Assyrie et de la Babylonie. (Paris 1882.)

---- Textes religieux Babyloniens en double Redaction. RS IV. 150-160,
245-251, 344-348.

---- 'Les Inscriptions peints de Citium' in 'Melanges de Critique et
d'Histoire,' pp. 165-196.

[Translation in large part and discussion of Ishtar's descent
into the nether world.]

Harper, Edward T.--Die Babylonischen Legenden von Etana, Zu, Adapa und
Dibbarra. BA II. 390-521.

[See also Academy 1891, No. 976.]

Haupt, Paul.--Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte. (Leipzig
1881-1882.)

[Contains pp. 75-79, 82-106 Incantations; 79, 115-131 Hymns and
Psalms.]

Jastrow, Morris, Jr.--A fragment of the Babylonian "Dibbarra" Epic.
Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Series in Philology,
Literature, and Archaeology, Vol. 1., No. 2. (Boston 1891.)

---- A new Fragment of the Babylonian Etana Legend. BA III. 363-384.

Jensen, P.--De Incantamentorum Sumerico-Assyrorum seriei quae dicitur
"surbu" Tabula VI. ZK I. 279-322; II. 15-61; also 306-311, 416-425.

[Appeared as a revised and separate publication under same title
with the addition of the words "commentatio Philologica."
Munich, Straub, 1885.]

---- Hymnen auf das Wiedererscheinen der drei grossen Lichtgoetter. ZA
II. 76-94, 191-204.

[Hymns to Sin, Shamash, and Ishtar. A volume by Jensen,
embodying translation of religious texts is in course of
preparation for Schrader's 'Keitschriftliche Bibliothek.']

Jeremias, A.--Die Hoellenfahrt der Ishtar. Eine altbabylonische
Beschwoerungslegende. (Munich 1886.)

King, L. W.--Babylonian Magic and Sorcery, being 'the Prayers of the
Lifting of the Hand.' (London 1896.)

---- New Fragments of the Dibbarra Legend. ZA XI. 50-62.

Knudtzon, J. A.--Assyrische Gebete an den Sonnengott fuer Staat und
koenigliches Haus aus der Zeit Asarhaddons und Assurbanipals. Band I.
Autographierte Texte; Band II. Einleitung, Umschrift und Erklaerung
Verzeichnisse. (Leipzig 1893.)

Lenormant, Francois.--Chaldaean Hymns to the Sun. RP X. 119-128.

---- Hymne au Soleil. Texte primitif Accadien. JA, 7^th Series, XII.
378; XIII. 1-98; postscriptum _ib_. XIV. 264, 265.

---- Une Incantation Magique Chaldeenne. RAr, 2^d Series, XXXIV.
254-262.

---- Lettres Assyriologiques. 2^me Serie Etudes Accadiennes, Vols. II.
and III. (Paris 1874-1879.)

[Contains numerous hymns and incantations accompanied by a
French translation.]

---- Translations of religious texts in 'Les Origines de l'Histoire
d'apres la Bible et les Traditions des Peuples orientaux.' (Paris
1880-1882.) 2 vols.

Lyon, D. G.--Assyrian and Babylonian Royal Prayers. PAOS, October 1888.
XCIII., XCIV.

---- On a Sacrificial Tablet from Sippar. PAOS, May 1886, xxx.

Messerschmidt, L.--Tabula VA. Th. 246, Babylonica Musei Berolinensis
primum editur commentarioque instruitur. (Kirchhain 1896.)

[A hymn.]

Oppert, J.--'Chants et Invocations' in Eichoff and David 'Chef
d'[oe]uvres litteraires de l'Inde, de la Perse, de l'Egypte et de la
Chine.' (Paris.) II. 211-219.

[Translations of selected prayers, hymns, and incantations.]

---- Fragments Mythologiques. (Paris 1882.)

[Reprints of several articles.]

---- Translation of III. Rawlinson, pl. 65, in JA, 6^th Series, XVIII.
449-453.

---- Hymnes en Sumerien et en Accadien ou Assyrien, 1st ICO. II.
217-224.

[A hymn to Ishtar in dialogue form.]

---- Le Champ Sacre de la Deesse Nina. CR, 1893, 326-344. See also ZA
VII. 360-374.

[Contains important remarks about the goddess Nina, in
connection with the text published by Hilprecht, 'Old Babylonian
Inscriptions', I. 1, pls. 30, 31.]

---- Traduction de Quelques Textes Assyriens.... Louange du Dieu Nibir
et de ses sept Attributions. 4th ICO I. 233-235.

---- L'Immortalite de l'ame chez les Chaldeens. (Paris 1875.)

[Legend of Ishtar's descent to the lower world.]

---- Chant en Sumerien et en Assyrien sur une epidemie. JA, 7^th Series,
I. 289-293.

[Translation of tablet K 1284 (incantation against Namtar) and
of IIR 19.]

---- Notice sur d'anciennes formules d'Incantation et autres dans une
langue anterieure au Babylonien. JA, 7^th Series, I. 113-122.

[Translation of II Rawl. 17, 18.]

---- Babylonian legends found at Khorsabad. RP XI. 41-44.

[See also translations of various religious texts in 'Expedition
Scientifique en Mesopotamie,' pp. 328-350.]

Peiser, F. E.--Ein Satz in den Beschwoerungsformeln. ZA II. 102, 103.

Pinches, T. G.--An Erechite's Lament. RP, new series, I. 84, 85.

[A penitential psalm with historical references; see also BOR I,
21-23.]

---- The Oracle of Ishtar of Arbela. RP XI. 59-72; also RP, new series,
V. 129-140.

---- Sin-Gashid's Gift to the Temple E-Ana. BOR I. 8-11. See also RP,
new series, I. 78-83.

---- and E. A. W. Budge.--Some New Texts in the Babylonian Character,
relating Principally to the Restoration of Temples. PSBA, 1884. pp.
179-182.

Rawlinson, H. C.--A Selection from the Miscellaneous Inscriptions of
Western Asia. Vol. IV. 2d ed. revised (and with additions) by T. G.
Pinches. (London 1891.)

[This fourth volume of the publications of tablets in the
British Museum is almost exclusively devoted to religious texts.
In the other volumes some texts of this character will be found
as follows: Vol. II. pls. 17-19, incantations; 51-61, names and
titles of gods and temples; miscellaneous. Vol. III. pls. 61-65,
astronomical and astrological reports, omen tablets and
portents; 66-69, lists and titles of gods and temples;
miscellaneous. Vol. V. pl. 31, omen tablets (with explanations);
43, titles of Nebo, etc.; 46, No. 2, lists of gods and their
epithets; 47, prayer (with commentary); 48, 49, religious
calendar; 50, 51, hymn to Shamash. Note also that many of the
historical tests in Vols. I.-V. contain invocations to gods.]

Reisner, George.--Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen nach Thontafeln
Griechischer Zeit. (Berlin 1896.) Koenigliche Museen zu Berlin.
Mittheilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen No. X.

Sayce, A. H.--Accadian Hymn to Istar. RP I. 155-160.

---- Accadian Poem on the Seven Evil Spirits. _Ib._ IX. 144-148.

---- An Accadian Liturgy. _Ib._ III. 125-130.

---- An Accadian Penitential Hymn. _Ib._ VII. 151-156.

---- Ancient Babylonian Charms. _Ib._ III. 145-154.

[Shurpu Series, 6th Tablet.]

---- An Assyrian Talismanic Tablet. BOR III. 17, 18.

---- Babylonian Augury by means of Geometrical Figures. TSBA IV.
302-314.

---- Fragment of an Assyrian Prayer after a Bad Dream. RP IX. 149-152.

Sayce, A. H.--Babylonian Exorcisms. _Ib._ I. 131-135.

---- Tables of Omens Furnished by Dogs and Births. _Ib._ V. 167-176.

---- The Dedication of three Babylonians to the service of the Sun-god
at Sippara. RP, new series, IV. 109-113.

[Interpretation false.]

---- The Overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah (Accadian Account). RP XI.
115-118.

[Title, translation, and Interpretation alike fanciful.]

---- Two Accadian Hymns. _Ib._ XI. 129-132.

---- Two Hymns to the Sun-god [in preface, pp. ix.-x., to RP, new
series, IV., 1890].

[Copious translations of magical texts, hymns, legends, etc., by
Sayce in Hibbert Lectures on 'The Religion of the Ancient
Babylonians.' London 1887. See especially pp. 441-540.]