The Measurement of Intelligence

L >> Lewis Madison Terman >> The Measurement of Intelligence

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Authorized translation of Binet's final instructions for giving
the tests.

30. Goddard, H. H. "A Measuring Scale of Intelligence"; in
_Training School Bulletin_ (1910), vol. 6, pp. 146-55.

Condensed translation of Binet's 1908 _Measuring Scale of
Intelligence_.

31. Goddard, H. H. "The Binet-Simon Measuring Scale for
Intelligence, Revised"; in _Training School Bulletin_ (1911),
vol. 8, pp. 56-62.

32. Goddard, H. H. "Standard Method for Giving the Binet Test"; in
_Training School Bulletin_ (1913), vol. 10, pp. 23-30.

33. Kuhlmann, F. "A Revision of the Binet-Simon System for
Measuring the Intelligence of Children"; Monograph Supplement
of _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_ (September, 1912), 41 pages.

34. Wallin, J. E. W. "A Practical Guide for the Administration of
the Binet-Simon Scale for Measuring Intelligence"; in _The
Psychological Clinic_ (1911), vol. 5, pp. 217-38.

CRITICISMS AND EVALUATIONS OF THE BINET-SIMON METHOD

35. Berry, C. S. "A Comparison of the Binet Tests of 1908 and
1911"; in _Journal of Educational Psychology_ (1912), vol. 3,
pp. 444-51.

36. Bobertag, O. "Ueber Intelligenzpruefungen (nach der Methode von
Binet und Simon)"; in _Zeitschrift fuer angewande Psychologie_.
(A, 1911), vol. 5, pp. 105-203; (B, 1912), vol. 6,
pp. 495-537.

Accepts the method and gives valuable suggestions for improvement.

37. Brigham, Carl C. "An Experimental Critique of the Binet-Simon
Scale"; in _Journal of Educational Psychology_ (1914),
pp. 439-48.

Finds the scale 96% efficient.

38. Goddard, H. H. "The Reliability of the Binet-Simon Measuring
Scale of Intelligence"; in _Proceedings of the Fourth
International Congress of School Hygiene_ (1913), vol. 5,
pp. 693-99.

Application of the theory of probability to the results proves the
extremely small liability of error.

39. Kohs, Samuel C. "The Practicability of the Binet Scale and the
Question of the Borderline Case"; in _Training School
Bulletin_ (1916), pp. 211-23.

Analysis of cases showing the reliability of the scale.

40. Kuhlmann, F. "Binet and Simon's System for Measuring the
Intelligence of Children"; in _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_
(1911), vol. 15, pp. 79-92.

Finds the method of the greatest value.

41. Kuhlmann, F. "A Reply to Dr. L. P. Ayres's Criticism of the
Binet and Simon System for Measuring the Intelligence of
Children"; in _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_ (1911), vol. 16,
pp. 58-67.

Many of the Ayres criticisms are shown to be unfounded.

42. Meumann, E. _Vorlesungen zur Einfuehrung in die Experimentelle
Paedagogik_ (1913), vol. 2, pp. 130-300.

Summary of the literature on Binet tests up to 1913. Accepts the
method but gives suggestions for improvement. This summary and
other writings of Meumann on the psychology of endowment are
reviewed by Lewis M. Terman in a series of four articles in
the _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_ for 1915.

43. Otis, A. S. "Some Logical and Mathematical Aspects of the
Measurement of Intelligence by the Binet-Simon Method"; in
_The Psychological Review_ (April and June, 1916).

Considers the Binet-Simon method imperfect from the mathematical
point of view.

44. Schmitt, Clara. _Standardization of Tests for Defective
Children._ Psychological Monographs (1915), no. 83, 181 pages.

Contains (pp. 52-67) a discussion of the "Fallacies and
Inadequacies of the Binet-Simon Series." Most of the
criticisms here given are either superficial or unfair, some
of them apparently being due to a lack of acquaintance with
Binet's writings.

45. Stern, W. _The Psychological Methods of Measuring
Intelligence._ Translated by G. M. Whipple. (1913.) 160 pages.

A splendid critical discussion of the Binet-Simon method. Should
be read by every one who would use the scale.

46. Terman, L. M. "Suggestions for Revising, Extending, and
Supplementing the Binet Intelligence Tests"; in _Journal of
Psycho-Asthenics_ (1913), vol. 18, pp. 20-33.

47. Terman, L. M. "Psychological Principles Underlying the
Binet-Simon Scale and Some Practical Considerations for its
Correct Use"; in _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_ (1913),
vol. 18, pp. 93-104.

48. Terman, L. M. "A Report of the Buffalo Conference on the
Binet-Simon Tests of Intelligence"; in _Pedagogical Seminary_
(1913), vol. 20, pp. 549-54.

Abstracts of papers presented at the above conference.

49. Terman, Lyman, Ordahl, Galbreath, _and_ Talbert. _The Stanford
Revision and Extension of the Binet-Simon Scale for Measuring
Intelligence._ (1916.)

Contains a chapter on the validity of the individual tests and on
considerations relating to the formation of an intelligence
scale.

50. Terman _and_ Knollin. "The Detection of Borderline Deficiency
by the Binet-Simon Method"; in _Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_
(June, 1916).

A comparison of the accuracy of the Stanford and other revisions
with borderline cases.

51. Treves _and_ Saffiotti. "L'echelle metrique de l'intelligence
modifiee selon la methode Treves-Saffiotti"; in _Annee
Psychologique_ (1912), pp. 327-40.

Criticize the age-grade method of measuring intelligence and
propose a substitute.

52. Wallin, J. E. W. _Experimental Studies of Mental Defectives. A
Critique of the Binet-Simon Tests._ Warwick & York. (1912.)

Criticism based on the use of the scale with epileptics.

53. Yerkes _and_ Bridges. _A Point Scale for Measuring Mental
Ability._ Warwick & York.

Authors think the point scale preferable to the Binet-Simon
method.

BOOKS ON MENTAL DEFICIENCY

54. Binet, A., _and_ Simon, Th. _Mentally Defective Children._
Translated from the French by W. B. Drummond. Longmans, Green
& Co. (1914.) 171 pages.

Discusses the psychology, pedagogy, and medical examination of
defectives.

55. Goddard, H. H. _Feeble-Mindedness; Its Causes and
Consequences._ The Macmillan Company. (1913.) 599 pages.

The most important single volume on the subject. Extensive data on
the causes of feeble-mindedness and excellent clinical pictures
of all grades of mental defects.

56. Goddard, H. H. _The Kallikak Family._ The Macmillan Company.
(1914.) 121 pages.

An epoch-making study of the hereditary transmission of mental
deficiency in a degenerate family.

57. Holmes, Arthur. _The Conservation of the Child._ J. B.
Lippincott Company. (1912.) 345 pages.

Methods of examination and treatment of defective children.

58. Holmes, Arthur. _The Backward Child._ Bobbs-Merrill Company.
(1915.)

A popular treatment of the handling of backward children.

59. Huey, E. B. _Backward and Feeble-Minded Children._ Warwick &
York. (1912.) 221 pages.

Devoted mainly to clinical accounts of borderline cases.

60. Lapage, C. P. _Feeble-Mindedness in Children of School Age._
The University Press, Manchester, England. (1911.) 359 pages.

61. Sherlock, E. B. _The Feeble-Minded; A Guide to Study and
Practice._ The Macmillan Company. (1911.) 327 pages.

62. Tredgold, A. F. _Mental Deficiency (Amentia)._ Bailliere,
Tindall, and Cox. London, England. (2d ed. 1914.) 491 pages.

The best medical treatment of the subject.

STUDIES OF THE PROGRESS OF CHILDREN THROUGH THE GRADES

63. Ayres, Leonard P. _Laggards in our Schools._ The Russell Sage
Foundation. (1909.) 236 pages.

Interesting and instructive discussion of school retardation and
its causes.

64. Blan, Louis B. _A Special Study of the Incidence of
Retardation._ Teachers College, Columbia University,
Contributions to Education, no. 40. (1911.) 111 pages.

Review of the literature and a statistical study of the progress
of 4579 children.

65. Keyes, C. H. _Progress Through the Grades of City Schools._
Teachers College, Columbia University, Contributions to
Education, no. 42. (1911.) 79 pages.

Important study of the progress of several thousand children.

66. Strayer, George D. _Age and Grade Census of Schools and
Colleges._ Bulletin no. 451, U.S. Bureau of Education. (1911.)
144 pages.

Statistics of the age-grade status of the children in 318 cities.

67. See also the _Reports_ of leading school surveys, such as
those of New York, Salt Lake City, Butte, Springfield (Mass.),
Denver, Cleveland, etc.

REFERENCES ON THE SPECIAL CLASS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN

68. Huey, E. B. "The Education of Defectives and the Training of
Teachers for Special Classes"; in _Journal of Educational
Psychology_ (1913), pp. 545-50.

69. Goddard, H. H. _School Training of Defective Children._ World
Book Company. (1914.) 97 pages.

Based on his survey of the treatment of backward children in the
schools of New York City.

70. Holmes, W. H. _School Organization and the Individual Child._
The Davis Press, Worcester, Massachusetts. (1912.) 211 pages.

A comprehensive account of the efforts which have been made to
adjust the school to the capacities of individual children.

71. Maennel, B. _Auxiliary Education._ Translated from the German
by Emma Sylvester. Doubleday, Page & Co. (1909.) 267 pages.

72. Van Sickle, J. H., Witmer, L., _and_ Ayres, L. P. _Provision
for Exceptional Children in Public Schools._ Bulletin no. 461,
U.S. Bureau of Education. (1911.) 92 pages.

73. Shaer, I. "Special Classes for Bright Children in an English
Elementary School"; in _Journal of Educational Psychology_
(1913), pp. 209-22.

74. Stern, W. "The Supernormal Child"; in _Journal of Educational
Psychology_ (1911), pp. 143-48 and 181-90.

A strong plea for special classes for superior children.

75. Vaney, V. _Les classes pour enfants arrieres._ Bulletin de la
Societe libre pour l'etude psychologique de l'enfant (1911),
pp. 53-152.

Report of the French National Commission appointed to investigate
methods of treatment and training.

76. Witmer, L. _The Special Class for Backward Children._ The
Psychological Clinic Press, Philadelphia. (1911.) 275 pages.

An account of the special class conducted in connection with the
University of Pennsylvania Summer School.

LIST OF BINET'S MOST IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASUREMENT OF
INTELLIGENCE

77. Binet, A. _L'Etude experimentale de l'intelligence._ Paris:
Schleicher freres. (1903.)

78. Binet, A. "A Propos de la mesure de l'intelligence"; in _Annee
psychologique_ (1905), vol. 11, pp. 69-82.

79. Binet, A. _Les enfants anormaux; guide pour l'admission des
enfants anormaux dans les classes de perfectionnement._ Paris:
Colin (1907.)

80. Binet, A. _Comment les instituteurs jugent-ils l'intelligence
d'un ecolier?_ Bulletin de la Societe libre pour l'etude
psychologique de l'enfant (1910), no. 10, pp. 172-82.

81. Binet, A. "Nouvelles recherches sur la mesure du niveau
intellectuel chez les enfants d'ecole"; in _Annee
psychologique_ (1911), vol. 17, pp. 145-201.

82. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Sur la necessite d'etablir un
diagnostique scientifique des etats inferieurs de
l'intelligence"; in _Annee psychologique_ (1905), vol. 11,
pp. 163-90.

83. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Methodes nouvelles pour le
diagnostique du niveau intellectuel des anormaux"; in _Annee
psychologique_ (1905), vol. 11, pp. 191-244.

84. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Application des Methodes nouvelles
au diagnostique du niveau intellectuel chez des enfants
normaux et anormaux d'hospice et d'ecole primaire"; in _Annee
psychologique_ (1905), vol. 11, pp. 245-336.

85. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Le developpement de l'intelligence
chez les enfants"; in _Annee psychologique_ (1908), vol. 14,
pp. 1-94.

86. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Langage et pensee"; in _Annee
psychologique_ (1908), vol. 14, pp. 284-339.

87. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "L'intelligence des imbeciles"; in
_Annee psychologique_ (1909), vol. 15, pp. 1-147.

88. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. "Nouvelle theorie psychologique et
clinique de la demence"; in _Annee psychologique_ (1909),
vol. 15, pp. 168-272.

89. Binet, A., _et_ Simon, Th. _La mesure du developpement de
l'intelligence chez les jeunes enfants._ Bulletin de la
Societe libre pour l'etude psychologique de l'enfant (1911),
no. 11, pp. 187-256.

SUGGESTIONS FOR A TEACHER'S PRIVATE LIBRARY

ON EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN

Ayres, L. P. _Laggards in our Schools._ The Russell Sage
Foundation. (1909.) 236 pages.

Treats the amount and causes of school retardation.

Binet, A., _and_ Simon, Th. _Mentally Defective Children._
Translated from the French by W. B. Drummond. Longmans, Green
& Co. (1914.) 171 pages.

Discusses the psychology, pedagogy and medical examination of
defectives.

Binet, A., _and_ Simon, Th. _A Method of Measuring the Development
of Intelligence in Young Children._ Chicago Medical Book
Company. (1915.) 82 pages.

Authorized translation of Binet's final instructions for giving
the tests.

Goddard, H. H. _Feeble-Mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences._
The Macmillan Company. (1913.) 599 pages.

The most important single volume on the subject.

Goddard, H. H. _The Kallikak Family._ The Macmillan Company.
(1914.) 121 pages.

A study of the hereditary transmission of mental deficiency in one
family.

Goddard, H. H. _School Training of Defective Children._ World Book
Company. (1914.) 97 pages.

Admirable treatment of the entire subject.

Goddard, H. H. _The Criminal Imbecile._ The Macmillan Company.
(1915.) 157 pages.

An analysis of three murderers of borderline intelligence.

Holmes, Arthur. _The Conservation of the Child._ J. B. Lippincott
Company. (1912.) 345 pages.

Methods of examination and treatment of defective children.

Holmes, Arthur. _The Backward Child._ The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
(1915.)

A popular treatment of the subject.

Holmes, W. H. _School Organization and the Individual Child._ The
Davis Press, Worcester, Massachusetts. (1912) 211 pages.

A comprehensive account of methods of adjusting school work to the
capacity of the individual child.

Huey, E. B. _Backward and Feeble-Minded Children._ Warwick & York.
(1912.) 221 pages.

Clinical studies of borderline cases.

Kelynack, T. N. (_Editor_). _Defective Children._ John Bale, Sons,
and Daniellson, London. (1915.) 447 pages.

Written by many authors and devoted to all kinds of physical and
mental defects.

Kuhlmann, F. "A Revision of the Binet-Simon System for Measuring
the Intelligence of Children." Monograph Supplement of
_Journal of Psycho-Asthenics_. (1912.) 41 pages.

Contains instructions for use of the Kuhlmann revision.

Stern, W. _The Psychological Method of Measuring Intelligence._
Translated from the German by G. M. Whipple. Warwick & York.
(1913.) 160 pages.

Terman, Lyman, Ordahl, Galbreath, _and_ Talbert. _The Stanford
Revision and Extension of the Binet-Simon Scale for Measuring
Intelligence._ (1916.)

Extended analysis of 1000 tests. Data on the relation of
intelligence to school success, social status, etc.

Terman, Lewis M. _The Hygiene of the School Child._ Houghton
Mifflin Company. (1914.) 417 pages.

Devoted to the physical defects of school children.

Tredgold, A. F. _Mental Deficiency (Amentia)._ Bailliere, Tindall
& Cox, London. (1914.) 491 pages.

The best medical treatment of the subject.

Whipple, G. M. _Manual of Mental and Physical Tests._ Warwick &
York. Vol. I (1914), 365 pages; vol. II (1915), 336 pages.

The best treatment of mental tests other than those of the Binet
system.

Witmer, L. _The Special Class for Backward Children._ The
Psychological Clinic Press, Philadelphia. (1911.) 275 pages.

Problems encountered in connection with the special class.

MAGAZINES

_The Training School Bulletin._ Published monthly by the Training
School, Vineland, New Jersey. Edited by H. H. Goddard and
E. R. Johnstone.

_The Psychological Clinic._ Published monthly by the Psychological
Clinic Press, Philadelphia. Edited by Lightner Witmer.

_The Journal of Delinquency._ Published bi-monthly by the Whittier
State School, Whittier, California. Edited by Williams,
Goddard, Terman, and others.

_The Journal of Psycho-Asthenics._ Published quarterly at
Faribault, Minnesota. Organ of the American Association for
the Study of the Feeble-Minded. Edited by A. C. Rogers and F.
Kuhlmann.

_The Journal of Educational Psychology._ Published by Warwick &
York, Baltimore. Edited by J. Carleton Bell.

INDEX

Abstract thought, tests of, 344.

Absurdities, 255 _ff._

Adolescence, and variability in intelligence, 67.

Adult intelligence, 54.

Adults, how to find I Q of adults, 140.

AEsthetic comparison, 165 _ff._

Age, test of giving age, 173 _ff._

Age standards, 40.

Alternative tests, 136.

Amateur testing, 107 _ff._

Apperception, 169.

Arithmetical reasoning, 319 _ff._

Association processes, 274.

Attention, during the test, 121.

Attitude of the subject, 109.

Auto-criticism, 156, 171, 195.

Average intelligence, 94 _ff._

Ball and field test, 210 _ff._, 286.

Berry, C. S., 114.

Binet,
on how teachers judge intelligence, 28 _ff._;
Binet's conception of intelligence, 44 _ff._, 123, 149, 151, 154,
156, 159, 165, 171, 173, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 190, 196, 203,
205, 217, 231, 232, 234, 247, 251, 252, 254, 258, 260, 261, 264,
276, 285, 289, 315, 322, 327, 333, 339, 345.

Binet-Simon method,
nature and derivation of the scale, 36 _ff._, 47 _ff._;
limitations of, 48 _ff._

Bloch, 203.

Bluemel, C. S., 107.

Bobertag, Otto, 106, 113, 176, 178, 180, 181, 185, 188, 190, 203, 206,
232, 237, 240, 252, 275, 285, 318.

Borderline intelligence, 79, 87 _ff._

Bow-knot, test of tying, 196 _ff._

Brigham, 165, 166.

Change, test of making change, 240 _ff._

Childs, H. G., 231, 298.

Coaching, 110 _ff._

Code test, 330 _ff._

Color naming, 163 _ff._

Combination method, 171. _See also_ Completion test.

Commissions, 172 _ff._

Comparison of lines, 151 _ff._

Completion test, 179, 246, 289.

Comprehension questions, 157 _ff._, 181 _ff._, 215 _ff._, 268 _ff._

Conditions favorable to testing, 121 _ff._

Counting,
four pennies, 154;
thirteen pennies, 180;
counting backwards, 213.

Crime,
relation to feeble-mindedness, 8 _ff._;
cost of, 12.

Cuneo, Irene, 51.

Davenport, C. B., 10.

Definitions,
in terms of use, 167;
superior to use, 221;
of abstract words, 281 _ff._, and 324 _ff._
_See also_ Vocabulary tests.

"Degenerate" families, 9 _ff._

Delinquency, relation to feeble-mindedness, 7 _ff._

Diamond, test of copying diamond, 204.

Differences, test of finding, 199, 313 _ff._

Digits. _See_ Memory for digits.

Discrimination of forms, 152 _ff._

Dissected sentences, 286 _ff._

Distribution of intelligence, 65 _ff._, 78 _ff._

Dougherty, 165, 166, 203.

Drawing, 156, 204, 260.

Dull normals, 92 _ff._

Dumville, 165, 166.

Ebbinghaus, 289, 318.

Emotion, 49.

Enclosed boxes, 327 _ff._

Endowment, 4, 19 _ff._

Environment, influence on test, 114 _ff._

Eugenics, 9 _ff._

Examination, duration of, 127 _ff._

Examiner, qualifications of, 124 _ff._

Fables, interpretation of, 290 _ff._

Fatigue, influence of, on test, 126 _ff._

Feeble-minded, proportion of school-children feeble-minded, 6.

Feeble-mindedness,
value of tests for, 5 _ff._;
psychological analysis, 23;
definition, 80;
examples, 82 _ff._

Fernald, G. G., 8.

Fernald, Grace, 56, 278, 280, 332.

Fingers, test of giving number of, 189 _ff._

Freeman, Frank N., 280.

Functions, tested by Binet scale, 42 _ff._

Galbreath, Neva, 51.

Galton, 328.

General intelligence, 42 _ff._

Generalization, tests of, 298.

Genius. _See_ Superior intelligence.

Goddard, H. H., 8, 106, 112, 154, 156, 165, 173, 185, 190, 196, 203,
206, 213, 234, 245, 251, 252, 259, 264, 276, 285, 289, 319, 322,
323, 332, 333, 339, 345.

Grading, value of intelligence tests in, 16.

Hall, Gertrude, 280.

Healy-Fernald, 56, 278, 280, 332.

Heredity, use of tests in the study of, 19.

Hill folk, 10.

Hollingworth, Leta S., 71.

Huey, E. B., 197, 217, 234.

Imagery, 195, 209, 321, 339.

Induction test, 310 _ff._

Ingenuity test, 346.

Intelligence,
analysis of, _see_ remarks under instructions for each test;
superior, 12 _ff._, 95 _ff._,
teachers' estimates of, 13, 24, 26, 28, 75;
general, 42 _ff._;
definitions of, 44 _ff._

Intelligence quotient, 53, 55, 63, 65 _ff._;
validity of, 68;
classification and significance, 79 _ff._, 140 _ff._

Jukes family, 10.

Kallikak family, 9.

Knollin, H. E., 18, 51, 54, 63.

Kohs, S. C., 107 _ff._

Kuhlmann, F., 56, 105, 153, 154, 156, 165, 173, 185, 190, 193, 196,
206, 214, 217, 234, 247, 251, 252, 259, 264, 276, 280, 285, 289,
315, 319, 322, 323, 327, 333, 339, 345.

Language comprehension, 143, 144.

Limitations of the Binet scale, 48 _ff._

Lombroso, 7.

Lyman, Grace, 51.

Mason, Otis, 347.

Masselon, 245.

Material used in the tests, 141.

Memory,
for sentences, 149 _ff._, 160, 185, 332;
for passages, 340;
for designs, 260;
for digits, 150, 159, 193, 207, 242, 277, 301, 322, 329, 340, 345.

Mental age, 39 _ff._;
effect of Stanford revision on, 62;
how to calculate, 137 _ff._

Mental deficiency. _See_ Feeble-mindedness.

Meumann, Ernst, 46, 106, 245, 318.

Moral development, dependence of, on intelligence, 11 _ff._

Nam family, 10.

Name, test of giving name, 147 _ff._

Naming coins, 184 _ff._, 231.

Naming familiar objects, 143 _ff._

Normals, dull, 92 _ff._

Ordahl, Dr. George, 8.

Ordahl, Louise Ellison, 8.

Paper-cutting test, 338.

Physical defects, effects of, on intelligence, 19.

Physical relations, comprehension of, 333 _ff._

Physicians, as Binet testers, 34.

Pictures,
enumeration of objects in, 145;
description of, 190 _ff._;
interpretation of, 302;
finding omissions in, 178.

Pointing to parts of body, 142 _ff._

Practical judgment, 212.

President and king, giving differences between, 313.

Problem questions, 315 _ff._

Procedure, necessity of uniformity in, 32 _ff._, 131 _ff._

Promotions, on basis of intelligence tests, 16 _ff._

Race differences, 91.

Range of testing, 129.

Rapport, 124 _ff._

Reading, test of reading for memories, 262.

Record booklet, 128.

Recording responses, 133 _ff._

Reliability of the scale, 76 _ff._, 105 _ff._

Repeated tests, 112 _ff._

Retardation,
cost of, 1, 13 _ff._;
training of retarded children, 4 _ff._, 24 _ff._, 73 _ff._

Reversing hands of clock, 321 _ff._

Rhymes, test of finding, 248.

Right and left, 175 _ff._

Rowe, E. P., 165, 166, 277.

Rowland, Eleanor, 18.

Scattering of successes, 134 _ff._

School success and intelligence, 73 _ff._

Scoring, 132. _See also_ instructions for scoring each test.

Seclusion during test, 122.

Sex, test of giving, 146 _ff._

Sex differences in intelligence, 68 _ff._

Similarities, test of finding, 217 _ff._, 306 _ff._

Sixty words, 272 _ff._

Social class and intelligence, 72 _ff._, 114 _ff._

Spearman, C., definition of intelligence, 46.

Special classes, 5.

Square, test of copying, 155 _ff._

Stamps, test of counting value of, 252.

Standardization, value of, 30.

Stanford revision of the Binet scale, 51 _ff._

Stereotypy, 203.

Stern, W., 46, 106, 118.

Stigmata, 7.

Structural psychology, 43.

Superior intelligence, tests of superior children, 12 _ff._, 95 _ff._

Supplementary information, 135.

Teachers' estimates of intelligence, 13, 24, 26, 28, 75.

Terman, Lewis M., 63, 267, 298.

Three words, test of using, in a sentence, 242 _ff._

Time orientation,
forenoon and afternoon, 187 _ff._;
days of the week, 205 _ff._;
giving date, 234 _ff._;
naming months, 251 _ff._

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