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Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

Fortitude

H >> Hugh Walpole >> Fortitude

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She seemed to Peter, as he came into the room, to stand for so much more
than he had ever hitherto allowed her. Here, in her last furious struggle
to keep a life that had given to her nothing worth having, he saw suddenly
emblazoned about him, the part that she had played in his life, always from
the first moment that he had known her--a part that had been, by him, so
frequently neglected, so frequently denied.

As she turned and saw him he was ashamed at the joy that his coming so
obviously brought her. He felt her purity, her unselfishness, her
single-heartedness, her courage, her nobility in that triumphant welcome
that she gave him. That she should care so much for any one so worthless,
so fruitless as he had proved himself to be!

He had come to her with some dim sense that it was kind of him to visit
her; he advanced to her now across the room with a consciousness that she
was honouring him by receiving him at all.

That joy, with which she had at first greeted him, had in it also something
of surprise. He had forgotten how greatly these last terrible days must
have altered his appearance--he told much more than he knew, and the little
sad attempt that he made, as he came to her, to present as careless and
happy an appearance as he had presented in the old Brockett days was more
pathetic and betraying than anything he could have done.

But she just closed both her burning hands about his cold one, made him sit
down in a chair by her side and, trembling with the excited joy of having
him with her, forced him to determine that, whatever came of it, he would
keep his troubles from her, would let her know nothing of his old chuckling
father and the shadowy welcome that Scaw House had flung over him, would be
still the Peter that he had been when he had seen her last in London.

"Peter! How splendid to have you here! When Mr. Bannister told me last
night I could have cried for happiness, and he, dear little man, was surely
as pleased to see me happy as though I'd been his own sister."

"I'd just come down--" Peter began, trying to smile and conscious with an
alarm that surprised him, of her fragility and the way that her hand went
now and again to her breast, as though to relieve some pain there. "Are you
sure--" he broke off, "that I'm not doing you harm coming like this--not
agitating you too much, not exciting you?"

"Harm! Why, Peter," she was smiling but he noticed too that her eyes were
searching his face, as though to find some clue to the change that they saw
there--"Why it's all the good in the world. It's what I've been wanting
all this time. Some change, a little excitement, for I've been here, you
know, quite a number of weeks alone--and that it should be you--you! of all
people in this lovely exciting surprising world."

"How did it happen?" he asked, "your coming down?"

"After I saw you last--I was very bad. My stupid old heart.... And the
doctor said that I must get away, to the sea or somewhere. Then--what do
you think?--the dears, all of them in Brockett's put their heads together
and got me quite a lot of money.... Oh! the darlings, and they just as poor
as church mice themselves. Of course I couldn't insult them by not taking
it. They'd have been hurt for ever--so I just pocketed my pride and came
down here."

"Why Treliss?" asked Peter.

"Well, hadn't you so often talked about it? Always, I'd connected you
with it in my mind and thought that one day I'd come down and see it. I
suggested it to the doctor--he said it was the very place. I used to hope
that one day you'd be with me here to explain it, but I never expected
it... not so soon... not like this."

Her voice faltered a little and her hand held his more tightly.

They were silent. The sounds of the world came, muffled, up to their
window, but they were only conscious of one another.

Peter knew that, in another instant, he would tell her everything. He had
always told her everything--that is what she had been there for, some one,
like an elder sister, to whom he might go and confess.

At last it came. Very softly she asked him:

"Peter, what's the matter? Why are you here? What's happened?"

Staring before him out of the window, seeing nothing but the high white
light of the upper sky, his heart, as it seemed to him, lying in his hands
like a stone to be tossed lightly out there into space, he told her:

"Everything's happened. Clare has run off with my best friend.... It has
just happened like that. I don't blame her, she liked him better--but
I--didn't know--it was going... to happen."

He didn't look at her, but he heard her catch her breath sharply and he
felt her hand tighten on his. They were silent for a long time and he was
dimly aware in some unanalysed way that this was what she had expected ever
since he had come into the room.

"Oh!" she said at last, holding his hand very tightly, "I'm sorry, I'm
sorry--"

He had seen, of course, from the beginning that this business must be
told her, but his one desire was to hurry through it, to get it done and
banished, once and for all, from their conversation.

"It happened," he went on gruffly, "quite suddenly. I wasn't in any way
prepared for it. She just went off to Paris, after leaving a letter. With
the death of the boy and the failure of my book--it just seemed the last
blow--the end."

"The end--at thirty?" she said softly, almost to herself, "surely, no--with
the pluck that you've got--and the health. What are you going to do--about
it all?"

"To do?" he smiled bitterly. "Do you suppose that I will ask her to come
back to me? Do you suppose that I want her back? No, that's all done with.
All that life's finished." Then he added slowly, not looking at her as he
spoke--"I'm going to live with my father."

He remembered, clearly enough, that he had told her many things about his
early life at Scaw House. He knew that she must now, as he flung that piece
of information at her, have recalled to herself all those things that he
had told her. He felt rather than perceived, the agitation that seized her
at those last words of his. Her hand slowly withdrew from his, it fell back
on to her lap and he felt her whole body draw, as it were, into itself, as
though it had come into contact with some terror, some unexplained alarm.

But she only said:

"And what will you do at home, Peter?"

He answered her with a kind of bravado--"Oh, write, I suppose. I went up to
see the old man yesterday. Changed enormously since the old days. I found
him quite genial, seemed very anxious that I should come. I expect he's a
bit lonely."

She did not answer this and there was a long awkward pause. He knew, as
they sat there, in troubled silence that his conscience was awake. It had
seemed to be so quiescent through his visit yesterday; it had been drugged
and dimmed all these last restless days. But now it was up again. He was
conscious that it was not, after all, going to be so easy a thing to
abandon all his energies, his militancies, the dominant vigorous panoply of
his soul. He knew as he sat there, that this sick shadow of a woman would
not let him go like that.

He said good-bye to her for the moment, but, as he left the room he knew
that Scaw House would not see him again until he had done everything for
her that there was to be done.


II

That evening he saw the doctor who attended on her. He was a nice young
fellow, intelligent, eager, with a very real individual liking for his
patient. "Ah! she's splendid--brave and plucky beyond anything I've ever
seen; so full of fun that you'd think that she'd an idea that another three
weeks would see her as well as ever again--whereas she knows as well as I
do that another three weeks may easily see her out of the world
altogether!"

"There's no hope then?" asked Peter.

"None whatever. There's every kind of complication. She must have always
had something the matter with her, and if she'd been cared for and nursed
when she was younger she might have pulled out of it. Instead of that she's
always worn herself to a thread--you can see that. She isn't one of those
who take life easily. She ought to have gone before this, but she holds
on with her pluck and her love of it all.... Lord! when one thinks of the
millions of people who just 'slug' through life--not valuing it, doing
nothing with it--one grudges the waste of their hours when a woman like
Miss Monogue could have done so much with them."

"Am I doing her any harm, going in to see her?"

"No--doing her good. Don't excite her too much--otherwise the company's the
best thing in the world for her."

The days then, were to be dedicated to her service. He knew, of course,
that at the end of it--and the end could not be far distant--he would go to
Scaw House and remain there; meanwhile the thing was postponed. He would
not think about it.

But on his second meeting with Norah Monogue he saw that he was not to be
allowed to dismiss it. He found her sitting still by her window; she was
flushed now with a little colour, her eyes burning with a more determined
fire than ever, her whole body expressing a dauntless energy.

The sight of her showed him that there was to be battle and, strangely
enough, he found that there was something in himself that almost welcomed
it. Before he knew where he was he found that he was "out" to defend his
whole life.

The first thing that she did was to draw from him a minute, particular
account of all that had happened during these last months. It developed
into a defence of his whole married life, as though he had been pleading
before a jury of Clare's friends and must fight to prove himself no
blackguard.

"Ah! don't I know that I've made a mess of it all? Do you think that I'm
proud of myself?" he pleaded with her. "Honestly I cannot see where, as far
as Clare is concerned, I'm to blame. She didn't understand--how could she
ever have understood?--the way that my work mattered to me. I wanted to
keep it and I wanted to keep her too, and every time I tried to keep her
it got in the way and every time I tried to keep it she got in the way. I
wasn't clever enough to run both together."

Norah nodded her head.

"But there was more than that. Life has always been rough for me. Rough
from the beginning when my father used to whip me, rough at school, rough
when I starved in London, roughest of all when young Stephen died. I'd
wanted to make something out of it and I suppose the easiest way seemed to
me to make it romantic. This place, you know, was always in my bones. That
Tower down in the Market Place, old Tan's curiosity shop, the sea--these
were the things that kept me going. Afterwards in London it was the same.
Things were hard so I made them into a story--I coloured them up. Nothing
hurt when everything was romance. I made Clare romance too--that was the
way, you see, that all my life was bound up so closely together. She was
an adventure just as everything else had been. And she didn't like it. She
couldn't understand the Adventure point of view. It was, to her, immoral,
indecent. I went easily along and then, one day, all the romance went out
of it--clean--like a pricked bubble. When young Stephen died I suddenly
saw that life was real--naked--ugly, not romantic a bit. Then it all fell
to pieces like a house of cards. It's easy enough to be brave when you're
attacking a cardboard castle--it's when you're up against iron that your
courage is wanted. It failed me. I've funked it. I'm going to run away."

He could see that Norah Monogue's whole life was in the vigour with which
she opposed him--

"No, no, no. To give it up now. Why, you're only thirty--everything's in
front of you. Listen. I know you took Clare crookedly, I saw it in the
beginning. In the first place you loved her, but you loved her wrong.
You've been a boy, Peter, all the time, and you've always loved like a boy.
Don't you know that there's nothing drives a woman who loves a man more
to desperation than that that man should give her a boy's love? She'd
rather he hated her. Clare could have been dealt with. To begin with she
loved you--all the time. Oh! yes, I'm as certain of it as I can be of
anything. I know her so well. But the unhappiness, the discomfort--all the
things, the ugly things, that her mother was emphasising to her all the
time--frightened her. Knowing nothing about life she just felt that things
as they were were as bad as things could be. It seems extraordinary that
any one so timid as she should dare to take so dangerous a plunge as
running off to another man.

"But it was just because she knew so little about Life that she could do
it. This other man persuaded her that he could give her the peace and
comfort that you couldn't. She doesn't know--poor thing, poor thing--what
it will mean, that plunge. So, out of very terror, she took it. And
now--Oh! Peter, I'm as certain as though I could see her, she's already
longing for you--would give anything to get back to you. This has
taught her more than all the rest of her life put together. She was
difficult--selfish, frightened at any trouble, supersensitive--but a man
would have understood her. You wanted affection, Peter--from her, from me,
from a lot of people--but it was always because of the things that it was
going to bring to you, never because of the things that you were going to
give out. You'd never grown up--never. And now, when suddenly the real
world has come to you, you're going to give it up."

"I don't give it up," he said to her--"I shall write--I shall do things--"

She shook her head. "You've told me. I know what that means." Then almost
below her breath--"It's horrible--It's horrible. You mustn't do it--you
must go back to London--you must go back--"

But at that he rose and faced her.

"No," he said, "I will not. I've given the other things a chance--all these
years I've given them a chance. I've stood everything and at the end
everything's taken away from me. What shall I go back to? Who wants me?
Who cares? God!" he cried, standing there, white-faced, dry-eyed, almost
defying her--"Why should I go? Just to fail again--to suffer all that
again--to have them take everything I love from me again--to be broken
again! No, let them break the others--I'm done with it...."

"And the others?" she answered him. "Is it to be always yourself? You've
fought for your own hand and they've beaten you to your knees--fight now
for something finer--"

She seemed as she appealed to him to be shining with some great conquering
purpose. Here, with her poor body broken and torn, her spirit, the purer
for her physical pain, confronted him, shamed him, stretched like a flaming
sword before the mean paths that his own soul would follow.

But he beat her down. "I will not go back--you don't know--you don't
understand--I will not go."


III

The little dusty Minstrels' Gallery saw a good deal of him during these
days. It was a lonely place at the top of the hotel, once intended to be
picturesque and romantic for London visitors, but ultimately left to its
own company with its magnificent view appreciated by no one.

Here Peter came. Every part of him now seemed to be at war with every other
part. Had he gone straight to Scaw House with bag and baggage and never
left it again, then the Westcott tradition might have caught him when he
was in that numbed condition--caught him and held him.

Now he had stayed away just long enough for all the old Peter to have
become alive and active again.

He looked back upon London with a great shuddering. The torment that he had
suffered there he must never undergo again. Norah was now the one friend
left to him in the world. He would cut himself into pieces to make these
last days of hers happy, and yet the one thing that could give her
happiness was that he should promise to go back.

She did not understand--no one could understand--the way that this place,
this life that he contemplated, pulled him. The slackness of it, the lack
of discipline in it, the absence of struggle in it. All the strength, the
fighting that had been in him during these past years, was driven out of
him now. He just wanted to let things drift--to wander about the fields and
roads, to find his clothes growing shabby upon him, to grow old without
knowing even that he was alive--all this had come to him.

She, on the other side, would drive him back into the battle of it all once
more. To go back a failure--to be pointed out as the man whose wife left
him because she found him so dull--to hear men like young Percival Galleon
laughing at his book--to sell his soul for journalism in order to make a
living--to see, perhaps, Clare come back into the London world--to break
out, ultimately, when he was sick and tired of it all, into every kind of
debauch ... how much better to slip into nothing down here where nobody
knew nor cared!

And yet, on the other hand, he had never known until now the importance
that Norah Monogue had held in his life.

Always, in everything he had done, in his ambitions and despairs, his
triumphs and defeats, she had been behind him. He'd just do anything in the
world for her!--anything except this one thing. Up and down, up and down
he paced the little Minstrels' room, with its dusty green chair and its
shining floor--"I just can't stand it all over again!"

But every time that he went in to see her--and he was with her
continually--made his resistance harder. She didn't speak about it again
but he knew that she was always thinking about it.

"She's worrying over something, Westcott--do you happen to know what it
is?" the doctor asked him. "It's bad for her. If you can help her about it
in any way--"

The strain between them was becoming unbearable. Every day, when he went in
to sit with her, they would talk about other things--about everything--but
he knew that before her eyes there was that picture of himself up at Scaw
House, and of the years passing--and his soul and everything that was fine
in him, dying.

He saw her growing daily weaker. Sometimes he felt that he must run away
altogether, go up to Scaw House and leave her to die alone; then he knew
that that cruelty at any rate was not in him. One day he thought her brutal
and interfering, another day it seemed that it was he who was the tyrant.
He reminded himself of all the things that she had done for him--all the
things, and he could not grant her this one request.

Then he would ask himself what the devil her right was that she should
order his life in this way?... everyday the struggle grew harder.

The tension could not hold any longer--at last it broke.


IV

One evening they were sitting in silence beside her window. The room was
in dusk and he could just see her white shadow against the dim blue light
beyond the window.

Suddenly she broke down. He could hear her crying, behind her hands. The
sound in that grey, silent room was more than he could bear. He went over
to her and put his arms round her.

"Norah, Norah, please, please. It's so awfully bad for you. I oughtn't to
come if I--"

She pulled herself together. Her voice was quite calm and controlled.

"Sit over there, Peter. I've got to talk to you."

He went back to his chair.

"I've only got a few more weeks to live. I know it. Perhaps only a few more
days. I must make the very utmost of my time. I've got to save you...."

He said nothing.

"Oh! I know that it must all have seemed to you abominable--as though I
were making use of this illness of mine to extort a promise from you, as
though just because I'm weak and feeble I can hold an advantage over you.
Oh! I know it's all abominable!--but I'll use everything--yes, simply
everything--if I can get you to leave this place and go back!"

He could feel that she was pulling herself together for some tremendous
effort.

"Peter, I want you now just to think of me, to put yourself out of
everything, absolutely, just for this half-hour. After all as I've only
a few half-hours left I've got that right."

Her laugh as she said it was one of the saddest things he'd ever heard.

"Now I'm going to tell you something--something that I'd never thought I'd
tell a soul.

"I've not had a very cheerful life. It hasn't had very much to make it
bright and interesting. I'm not complaining but it's just been that way--"
She broke off for a moment. "I don't want you to interrupt or say anything.
It'll make it easier for me if I can just talk out into the night air, as
it were--just as though no one were here."

She went on: "The one thing that's made it possible, made it bearable, made
it alive, has been my love for you. Always from the first moment I saw you
I have loved you. Oh! I haven't been foolish about it. I knew that you'd
never care for me in that kind of way. I knew from the very first that we
should be pals but that you'd never dream of anything more romantic. I've
never had any one in love with me--I'm not the kind of woman who draws the
romance out of men.

"No, I knew you'd never love me, but I just determined that I'd make you,
your career, your success, the pivot, the centre of my life.

"I wasn't blind about you--not a bit. I knew that you were selfish, weak,
incredibly young about the world. I knew that you were the last person in
existence to marry Clare--all the more reason it seemed to me why I should
be behind you. I was behind you so much more than you ever knew. I wonder
if you've the least idea what most women's lives are like. They come into
the world with the finest ideals, the most tremendous energies, with a
desire for self-sacrifice that a man can't even begin to understand.
Then they discover slowly that none of those things, those ideals, those
energies, those sacrifices, are wanted. The world just doesn't need
them--they might as well never have been born. Do you suppose I enjoyed
slaving for my mother, day and night for years? Do you suppose that I
gladly yielded up all my best blood, my vitality, to the pleasure of some
one who never valued it, never even knew that such things were being given
her? Before you came I was slowly falling into despair. Think of all the
women who are haunted by the awful thought--'The time will come when death
will be facing me and I shall be forced to own that for any place that I
have ever filled in the world I might never have been born.' How many women
are there who do not pray every day of their lives, 'God, give me something
to do before I die--some place to fill, some work to carry out, something
to save my self-respect.'

"I tell you that there is a time coming when women will force those things
that are in them upon the world. God help all poor women who are not
wanted!

"_I_ wasn't wanted. There was nothing for me to do, no place for me to
fill... then you came. At once I seized upon that-God seemed to have sent
it to me. I believed that if I turned all those energies, those desires,
those ambitions upon you that it would help you to do the things that you
were meant to do. I was with you always--I slaved for you--you became the
end in life to which I had been called.

"All the time you were only a boy--that was partly I think why I loved you.
You were so gauche, so ignorant, so violent, so confident one moment, so
plunged into despair the next. For a while everything seemed to go well. I
had thought that Clare was going to be good for you, was going to make you
unselfish. I thought that you'd got the better of all that part of you that
was your inheritance. Even when I came down here I thought that all was
well. I knew that I had come down to die and I had thanked God because
He _had_, after all, allowed me to make something of my life, that
I'd been able to see you lifted into success, that I'd seen you start a
splendid career.... Then you came and I knew that your life was broken into
pieces. I knew that what had happened to you might be the most splendid
thing in the world for you and might be the most terrible. If you stay down
here now with your father then you are done for--you are done for and my
life has, after all, gone for nothing."

Her voice broke, then she leaned forward, catching his hands:

"Peter, I'm dying--I'm going. If you will only have it you can take me, and
when I am gone I shall still live on in you. Let me give you everything
that is best in me--let me feel that I have sent you back to London, sent
you with my dying breath--and that you go back, not because of yourself but
because of everything that you can do for every one else.

"Believe me, Peter dear, it all matters so little, this trouble and
unhappiness that you've had, if you take it bravely. The courage that
you've wanted before is nothing to the courage that you want now if you're
going back. Let me die knowing that we're both going back.

"Think of what your life, if it's fine enough, can mean to other people.
Go back to be battered--never mind what happens to your body--any one can
stand that. There's London waiting for you, there's life and adventure and
hardship. There are people to be helped. You'll go, with all that I can
give you, behind you ... you'll go, Peter?"

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