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Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

The Romance of Golden Star ...

G >> George Chetwynd Griffith >> The Romance of Golden Star ...

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I had not forgotten that old training which taught an Inca warrior to
look on near-approaching death with unmoved eyes and unshaken heart, and
this was only such a hazard as I had taken a score of times before. I
bade Hartness lead Ruth and Golden Star into the temple behind us, so
that they should not see what was about to be done. Then I took my place
on the throne again and ordered Djama to be raised and stood on his
feet.

He rose of himself, very pale but calm and strong in his own evil
strength, fearing nothing, as became a man for whom death had no
terrors and, it might be, few secrets. We looked each other in the eyes
in silence, and in the midst of an utter stillness that had fallen on
the vast throng, until Hartness came back. Then I said,--

'That is enough, Laurens Djama. Choose now what death you will die, but,
for your own sake and Joyful Star's, choose a quick one.'

Although my voice was as the voice of doom to him, yet he did not quail
even then, for if his heart was black it was very strong, and fear had
never entered into it. He drew himself up to the full height of his
stature and, looking me full in the eyes, he said as quietly as I had
ever heard him speak,--

'That choice is always mine, whether you give it to me or not. You have
threatened me with death before and I have told you that you could not
kill me. Now watch and see if I spoke the truth.'

Then, with a soldier holding each of his arms and two others grasping
his shoulders, he drew a quick, deep, gasping breath. The blood rushed
into his face till its pallor became purple. The next instant it became
deathly white again. His jaw dropped, his eyes grew fixed and blindly
staring, and then his shape seemed to shrink together like an empty bag,
and he sank down between those who were holding him.

They pulled him upright again, and his head dropped forward on his
breast. He was dead--dead as though the Llapa itself had struck him--and
so Laurens Djama, master of the arts of life and death, passed out of
the world of living men by the act of his own will, though not of his
own hand.




CHAPTER XIV

THE RE-KINDLING OF THE SACRED FIRE


Now this story of mine is nearly done, for there are but few things left
for me to tell. It is not for me to write of all the battles that we
fought after the City of the Sun and the region about it fell into our
hands, for to do that is a task better fitted to the hands of him who
led my ever-growing hosts to victory after victory until the whole land
that had been my fathers' was mine from north to south and from the
great rivers of the east to the Sea of the Setting Sun, which you now
call the Pacific Ocean.

It is enough for me to say that I used my gold without stint, and that
it did all and more than the work I had been told it would do. As we
marched southward and westward to the sea, army after army left those
who were fighting between themselves for the ruins of the land and,
having no real quarrel of their own, ranged themselves under the Rainbow
Banner and fought with me for freedom and the ancient faith of their
long-dead fathers, and how city after city welcomed me as I came to give
it peace and wealth instead of strife and misery.

My unforgotten story and the marvel of my coming back from the days of
our old-time glories had sped like the leaps of the lightning from
mountain to mountain and valley to valley, and every man in whose veins
flowed even the smallest drop of the Sacred Blood threw aside the broken
fragments of the oppressor's yoke and came to give me his service.

From other countries, too, and from far over the sea, there came men to
fight for me, men whom Hartness had called from afar by speaking to them
over the lightning-wires, and they brought ships with them, armed with
flame and thunder, which the promise of my gold had purchased, and these
took all the seaports for me, while my ever-growing armies were taking
the cities of the inland valleys--all of which those who would learn may
read in the great book which Francis Hartness and the professor, who
with Joyful Star have helped out these lame words of mine, are writing
together to tell how the ancient empire of the Incas rose at my call
and the bidding of my gold--which I doubt not was far stronger than
I--out of the degradation into which the oppressors had cast it, and has
even now begun to prosper again with more than its former glory.

But, as I have said, these things are not for me to tell, since I have
neither the skill nor the knowledge to do so. What I have set down here
is only the story of my own awakening out of the death-sleep into which
the arts of the priests of the Sun had cast me with Golden Star, and of
her return to join me in my new life. I have told of that and of all
that befell us afterwards, and now there remains only the telling of
that which fulfilled our strange fates and completed our happiness in
the new world into which those fates had brought us.

Many weeks passed and grew into months before the oppressors were
finally subdued and I found myself undisputed lord of all the land, and,
as I had promised Joyful Star, all this had to come to pass before I
would ask her to put her hand into mine and take her place beside me as
my Coya and queen on the throne of Huayna-Capac.

But at length there was peace in the land and we returned from Lima, the
capital of the Spaniards, where I had been proclaimed and acknowledged
Inca and Emperor of my ancient domains, to the City of the Sun, which
many loving and willing hands had cleansed of the abominations of its
new idolatries and made in some measure fit to receive us, to crown our
new lives with such happiness as, with the help and blessing of the
Unnameable, we might be able to bestow upon each other.

The treasures of gold and silver and ornaments of jewels, the rich
hangings and the sacred and precious emblems had been brought from the
Hall of Gold and the throne-room beneath the Sacsahuaman and set up in
the chief temple of the Spaniards, which stands in the place where the
holy Temple of the Sun once stood and is in great part built of the
self-same stones.[F]

It was the eve of the Feast of Raymi, or the Coming of the Sun, which in
the olden time we counted as the beginning of the year, and I had
determined that this day should witness the restoration of the old order
and the beginning of my own true happiness--so that night Golden Star
and I, as became the son and daughter of the Royal Race and Sacred
Blood, watched and prayed according to the ancient rites--she in a
chamber of what had once been the House of the Virgins of Sun, and I in
the purified temple--from the setting of the sun until the first waning
of the stars in the coming dawn.

Very early in the morning she was brought to me in the temple by
Tupac-Rayca--whom I had in virtue of his pure blood and noble decent,
consecrated Villac-Umu or High Priest of the Sun, and who had in turn
invested such others of the Blood as he thought worthy with the
subordinate dignities of the holy office. He and his attendants were
arrayed in the ancient priestly robes and adorned with the sacred
emblems of their rank, and Golden Star was attired as a royal Virgin of
the Sun, in garments of white edged with scarlet and decked with
ornaments of pure gold.

Then we prayed together before the newly-set-up altar, which stood over
against the eastern window of the Sanctuary, and when that duty was
ended, and while the growing light was yet dim, there came to us Joyful
Star, also arrayed as a princess of the Blood, and Francis Hartness,
whom my thankful people had already named Viracocha, after one of our
golden-haired hero-gods of the olden time.

After them came all those of the Sacred Race that were left in the
land--men and matrons, youths and maidens--all dressed in the
long-forbidden garb of their forefathers, and ranged themselves in two
silent, orderly ranks down the sides of the Sanctuary, waiting with
patient eagerness for that which they had been bidden here to see.

Above the altar hung the great golden Emblem of the Sun, upon which the
radiant glance of the Lord of Light would first fall through the
circular window in the eastern wall, and on it was a pyramid of wood
anointed with scented oils; for here was soon to be re-kindled--if our
Lord the Sun should smile on the new fortunes of his long-suffering
children--without the aid of human hands, that sacred fire first lit by
Manco Capac and Mama Occlu, son and daughter of the Sun, and which had
burnt unquenched through all the ages that had passed from the founding
to the fall of our ancient empire. Beside it lay a cone-shaped vessel of
burnished gold, in the depths of which the Sacred Fleece awaited the
touch that was to change it into flame.

When all were assembled, Tupac-Rayca mounted the steps of the altar,
and, facing the silent throng, began to speak in the ancient and
unforgotten tongue and said,--

'Children of the Sun, sons and daughters of those whose ancestors in the
unremembered days received the divine command to create the empire over
which they ruled with ever-growing glory until, by the inscrutable
decrees of the Unnameable, the destroyer and oppressor were permitted to
come into the land, listen with open ears and thankful hearts to the
words which our Father shall put into my mouth to say to you!'

All bowed their heads and crossed their hands over their breasts as he
spoke, and after a little silence he went on,--

'The last of the Villac-Umus who stood where I am standing told your
fathers and mine of the near-approaching night of gloom and desolation
that was about to fall upon the Land of the Four Regions. For what sins
of his children our Father permitted that night to eclipse the bright
day of their empire we know not, nor is it lawful for us to inquire. Let
it be enough for us to believe that, grievous as the doom was, it could
not have been anything save the inflexible justice of the Unnameable.'

Again they bowed their heads, and there was silence for a little space
until he went on, speaking this time in a gladder voice,--

'But, stern as that justice was, it was yet not untempered with mercy,
for with the words of doom there came from our Father, by the lips of
his minister, the holy Anda-Huillac, those words of hope and promise
which from that day to this have been handed down in secret, yet
unforgotten, from father to son and from mother to daughter, and which
now for the first time since then may be spoken openly in the land:--

'"_To that Son of the Sacred Race who, for honour and faith and
love, shall take the hand of a pure virgin of his own holy blood
and with her pass fearless through the gate of death into the
shadows which lie beyond, shall be given the glory of casting down
the oppressor and raising the Rainbow Banner once more above the
Golden Throne of the Incas. On that throne he shall sit, and wield
power and mete out justice and mercy to the Children of the Sun
when the gloom that is now falling upon the Land of the Four
Regions shall have passed away in the dawn of a brighter age._"

'Sons and daughters of the long-dead, turn your eyes and see how the
eastern skies are swiftly brightening with first rays of that
long-looked-for dawn. This is the morning of our deliverance, for our
deliverers stand here before us, and with your own eyes you may look
upon those who, in the strength of their love and faith, dared the doom
to win the promise, for here in the living flesh stands that Vilcaroya,
son of the great Huayna-Capac, and there beside him is Golden Star, that
virgin of the Royal Race who of her own will joined hands with him in
the wedlock of death, and whose pure soul has dwelt with his in the
Mansions of the Sun while ten generations of men have lived and died
awaiting their return to the land.

'To us, more blessed, it has been given to see that which our fathers
waited for in vain. To us our Lord Vilcaroya and our Lady Golden Star
have come back from the shadows of death into the light of life and
glory of victory. Already you have seen the oppressor pay the price of
life for life, and blood for blood, and shame for shame. You have seen
our Lord seated on the golden throne of the Divine Manco with the
Rainbow Banner waving high above him, and now the moment has come for
you to see the fulfilling of what yet remains of the promise
unfulfilled. Behold the visible presence of our Father comes near to
smile once more on his children long left in darkness!'

While he was speaking these last words the light in the eastern sky had
brightened fast until a sunray leapt over the lower rim of the window
and shone on the painted ceiling of the Sanctuary. At a sign from
Tupac-Rayca, Golden Star took up the vessel in which lay the Sacred
Fleece, and, standing in the middle of the altar on the highest step,
held it poised in her hands above her head, with her pale, fair face and
shining eyes upturned towards the window.

Foot by foot the light crept along the roof, broadening and brightening
as it went, till it touched the western wall. Then, ever followed by the
anxious eyes of the silent throng, it descended until the great Symbol
of the Sun flashed and flamed in its radiance. Still lower it sank and
the burnished vessel that Golden Star held to receive them caught the
gathering rays and glowed as though filled with liquid fire.

[Illustration: Now the moment for the giving of the Sign had come.

_To face page 280._]

Now the moment for the giving of the Sign had come. A faint wreath of
pale blue smoke curled upwards from the Sacred Fleece. It grew darker
and denser, and then a little tongue of flame leapt out from the midst
of it. At the same instant Tupac seized the vessel and held it upturned
over the pyramid of wood upon the altar. The burning fleece fell down
upon the anointed wood, a long shaft of fire shot upward, and, as the
descending sunrays fell over the face and bosom of Golden Star, the
voice of Tupac rang out in an exultant chant through the silence,
saying,--

'Rejoice, Children of the Sun, rejoice! for your Father has once more
looked in kindness and blessing upon you, and with the radiant glance of
his eyes he has re-kindled the long-quenched fire which henceforth shall
burn upon his altar as long as his visible presence shall make bright
the heavens and beautiful the earth!'

As he ceased, Golden Star's voice rose up clear and sweet, singing the
first words of the Hymn to the Sun--as I alone of all that throng had
heard her sing them in the days that were no more. Then the Children of
the Blood raised their voices too, and out of the fulness of their
thankful hearts poured forth their first tribute of praise and
thanksgiving to Him who had broken the yoke of the oppressor and given
back light and joy and peace to the long-darkened Land of the Four
Regions.

* * * * *

When the Hymn to the Sun was ended and the Children of the Blood had
received the blessing of Tupac, there was yet one more ceremony to be
performed before the rejoicings of the Feast of Raymi began. There is
little need for me to tell you what it was. In love as in war I had
striven and conquered, and now the dearest of my rewards, dearer far
than wealth or empire, was to be made mine by the free gift of her who
was herself that which she gave.

Two of the priests brought forth the marriage-font and placed it in
front of the altar, and Joyful Star stood on the one side of it and I on
the other and we joined hands across it.

It was a double vessel of gold, formed of two twin cups, and between
them there was a hole stopped by a golden plug, to which a little chain
was fastened. The cup on my side was filled with blood-red wine and that
towards Joyful Star with pure water, crystal clear.

Tupac took our hands in his and parted them, saying as he did so,--

'To meet and to part is the lot of man and woman upon earth, yet when
two true souls meet and two faithful hearts are joined even death can
part them but in seeming, for in the bright halls of the Mansions of the
Sun they shall dwell for ever in the blessed presence of our Father!'

So saying, he joined our hands again, and drawing out the golden plug,
he pointed to the mingling fluids and went on, speaking now to each of
us in turn,--

'Here, Vilcaroya Inca, and you, Joyful Star, daughter of a conquering
race and well-beloved of our Lord, see the emblem of the union between
you! As the strong red wine colours and strengthens the pure water, so,
Joyful Star, shall the stronger nature of thy chosen husband colour and
strengthen thine, and, as the pure water tempers and purifies the wine,
so, Vilcaroya Inca, shall the gentler and purer nature of her who is
henceforth thy wife and queen by the rites of our ancient law, soften
and purify thine according to the will and purpose of the Unnameable,
who to this end sent man and woman upon earth that together they might
possess and enjoy it, each helping the other, man making the world
fruitful and beautiful by his labour, and woman sweetening his toil by
the reward of her love and her constancy.'

Then he raised his hands above our heads as we bowed them together over
the emblem of our mingling lives, and said again,--

'Son and daughter, man and wife, who have met from afar, and who in this
solemn act have sworn in the all-pervading presence of the Unnameable to
lead each other from this your meeting-place to the dim border of the
shadow-land which lies between this world and the threshold of the
Mansions of the Sun, may the blessing of our Father clothe your brows
with honour and fill your hearts with everlasting love and trust, and
may He guide your feet to walk in pleasant places from now even to the
end!'

As he ceased our hands parted, only to meet again a moment later after
we had stepped aside to yield up our places at the marriage-font to
Francis Hartness and Golden Star.

FOOTNOTES:

[F] This is not quite correct, although a natural mistake on the part of
the Inca. It is not the Cathedral of Cuzco, but the Church of Santo
Domingo, which stands on the site of the ancient Temple of the Sun. It
is by far the finest church in Cuzco. The Cathedral faces the great
square.




_Coiston and Coy. Limited, Printers, Edinburgh_



* * * * *



List of corrections:

"Anahauc" corrected into "Anahuac"

page 206 and bid Anahauc and Ainu close the door
page 208 Anahauc came and prostrated himself

"ont" corrected into "out"

page 298 mete ont justice and mercy

"Ullulo" corrected into "Ullullo"

page 288: Ullulo, the first friend




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