Acetylene, The Principles Of Its Generation And Use

F >> F. H. Leeds and W. J. Atkinson Butterfield >> Acetylene, The Principles Of Its Generation And Use

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40

[Illustration: FIG. 52.--"MOSS TYPE A" GENERATOR.]

The "Moss Type B" generator is smaller and more compact than "Type A." It
has ordinarily only two generating chambers, and the displacement water
controlling chamber is replaced by a bell governor, the bell of which is
balanced through a lever and chains by a weight suspended over the bell
of the equalising gasholder, which on rising supports this counter-weight
and so allows the governor bell to fall, thereby cutting off the flow of
water to the generating chambers.

[Illustration: FIG 53.--"MOSS TYPE B" GENERATOR.]

The "Moss Type C" generator is smaller than either "Type A" or "B," and
contains only one generating chamber, which is suspended in a pocket in
the crown of the equalising gasholder. Water enters through a hole near
the top of the bucket of the generating chamber, when it descends with
the holder through the withdrawal of gas from the latter.

[Illustration: FIG 54.--"MOSS TYPE C" GENERATOR.]

(2) Semi-automatic; water-to-carbide; superposed trays.

The "Moss Semi-Non-Auto" generating plant resembles the automatic plant
described above, but a storage gasholder capable of holding the gas
evolved from one charging of the whole of the generating chambers is
provided in place of the equalising gasholder, and the generation of gas
proceeds continuously at a slow rate.

The original form of the "Acetylite" generator (_vide infra_)
adapted for lantern use is also obtainable of R. J. Moss and Sons.

_Maker:_ WM. MOYES AND SONS, 115 BOTHWELL STREET, GLASGOW.

_Type:_ Automatic; carbide-to-water.
The "Acetylite" generator made by this firm consists of an equalising
gasholder and one or more generating tanks placed alongside it. On the
top of each generating tank is mounted a chamber, with conical base,
charged with granulated carbide 1/8 to 1/2 inch in size. There is an
opening at the bottom of the conical base through which passes a rod with
conical head, which, when the rod is lowered, closes the opening. The rod
is raised and lowered through levers by the rise and fall of the bell of
the equalising gasholder, which, when it has risen above a certain point,
supports a counter-weight, the pull of which on the lever keeps the
conical feed-valve open. The gas evolved in the generating tanks passes
through a condensing chamber situated at the base of the tank into the
equalising gasholder and so automatically controls the feed of carbide
and the evolution of gas according to the rate of withdrawal of the gas
from the holder to the service-pipes. The water in the gasholder tank
acts as a scrubbing medium to the gas. The generating tanks are provided
with sludge-cocks and a tap for drawing off condensed water. The gas
passes from the equalising gasholder, through a purifier and dryer
charged with heratol or other purifying material to the service-pipes.
The original form of the "Acetylite" generator is shown in elevation and
vertical section in Fig. 55. Wm. Moyes and Sons now make it also with a
detached equalising gasholder connected with the generator by a pipe in
which is inserted a lever cock actuated automatically through a lever and
cords by a weight above the bell of the gasholder. Some other changes
have been made with a view to securing constancy of action over long
periods and uniformity of pressure. In this form the apparatus is also
made provided with a clock-work mechanism for the supply of lighthouses,
in which the light is flashed on periodically. The flasher is operated
through a pilot jet, which serves to ignite the gas at the burners when
the supply is turned on to them at the prescribed intervals by the clock-
work mechanism.

[Illustration: FIG. 55.--"ACETYLITE" GENERATOR.]

_Maker_: THE PHOS CO., 205 AND 207 BALLS POND ROAD, LONDON, N.
_Type_: Non-automatic; water-to-carbide; drip.

The type "E" generator made by this firm consists of a generating chamber
placed below a water chamber having an opening with cap _E_ for
refilling. The generating chamber in closed by a door _B_, with
rubber washer _C_, held in position by the rod _A_, the ends of
which pass into slots, and the screw _A'_. The movable carbide
chamber _D_ has its upper perforated part half filled with carbide,
which is pressed upwards by a spring _D'_. The carbide chamber when
filled is placed in the generating chamber, which is closed, and the
lever _F_ of one of the taps _F'_ is turned from "off" to "on,"
whereupon water drips from the tank on to the carbide. The evolution of
gas is stopped by reversing the lever of the tap. The second tap is
provided for use when the evolution of gas, through the water-supply from
the first tap, has been stopped and it is desired to start the apparatus
without waiting for water from the first tap to soak through a layer of
spent carbide. The two taps are not intended for concurrent use. The
evolved gas passes through a purifier containing any suitable purifying
material to the pipes leading to the burners.

[Illustration: FIG. 56.--"PHOS TYPE E" GENERATOR.]

_Maker:_ ROSCO ACETYLENE COMPANY, BELFAST.

_Type:_ Non-automatic; carbide-to-water

The "Rosco" generating plant made by this firm comprises a generating
tank _A_ which is filled with water to a given level by means of the
funnel-mouthed pipe _B_ and the overflow _O_. On the top of the
water-sealed lid of the generating tank is mounted the carbide feed-valve
_L_, which consists of a hollow plug-tap with handle _M_. When
the handle _M_ is turned upwards the hollow of the tap can be filled
from the top of the barrel with carbide. On giving the tap a third of a
turn the hollow of the plug is cut off from the outer air and is opened
to the generating tank so that the carbide contained in it is discharged
over a distributor _E_ on to the tray _N_ in the water in the
generating tank. The gas evolved passes through the scrubber and seal-pot
_J_ to the storage gasholder _Q_. From the latter the gas
passes through the dry purifier _T_ to the service-pipe. A sludge-
cock _P_ is provided at the bottom of the generating tank and is
stated to be available for use while generation of gas is proceeding. The
purifying material ordinarily supplied is "Roscoline."

[Illustration: FIG. 57.--"ROSCO" GENERATING PLANT.]

_Maker_: THE RURAL DISTRICTS GAS LIGHT CO., 28 VICTORIA STREET, S.W.

_Type_: Automatic; water-to-carbide; contact, superposed trays.

The "Signal-Arm" generating apparatus made by this firm comprises a bell
gasholder _A_, from the tank _B_ of which water is supplied
through a swivelled pipe _C_ to a generating chamber _D_. One
end of the swivelled pipe is provided with a delivery nozzle, the other
end is closed and counter-weighted, so that normally the open end of the
pipe is raised above the level of the water in the tank. A tappet
_E_ on the bell of the gasholder comes into contact with, and
depresses, the open end of the swivelled pipe when the bell falls below a
certain point. As soon as the open end of the swivelled pipe has thus
been lowered below the level of the water in the tank, water flows
through it into the funnel-shaped mouth _F_ of a pipe leading to the
bottom of the generating chamber. The latter is filled with cages
containing carbide, which is attacked by the water rising in the chamber.
The gas evolved passing into and raising the bell of the gasholder causes
the open end of the swivelled pipe to rise, through the weight of the
counterpoise _G_, above the level of the water in the tank and so
cuts off the supply of water to the generating chamber until the bell
again descends and depresses the swivelled pipe. The tappet on the bell
also displaces a cap _H_ which covers the funnel-shaped mouth of the
pipe leading to the generating chamber, which cap, except when the
swivelled supply-pipe is being brought into play, prevents any extraneous
moisture or other matter entering the mouth of the funnel. Between the
generating chamber and the gasholder is a three-way cock _J_ in the
gas connexion, which, when the gasholder is shut off from the generator,
brings the latter into communication with a vent-pipe _K_ leading to
the open. The gas passes from the holder to a chamber _L_ under
grids packed with purifying material, through which it passes to the
outlet of the purifier and thence to the service-pipe. Either heratol or
chloride of lime is used in the purifier, the lid of which, like the
cover of the generator, is water-sealed.

[Illustration: FIG. 58.--"SIGNAL-ARM" GENERATING PLANT.]

_Maker_: ST. JAMES' ILLUMINATING CO., LTD., 3 VICTORIA STREET,
LONDON, S.W.

_Type_: (1) Automatic; water-to-carbide; contact, superposed trays.

This plant consists of the generators _A_, the washer _B_, the
equalising gasholder _C_, the purifier _D_, and the water-tank
_E_. The carbide is arranged in baskets in the generators to which
water is supplied from the cistern _E_ through the pipe _F_.
The supply is controlled by means of the valve _H_, which is
actuated through the rod _G_ by the rise and fall of the gasholder
_C_. Gas travels from the gasholder through the purifier _D_ to
the service-pipe. The purifier is packed with heratol resting on a layer
of pumice. The washer _B_ contains a grid, the object of which is to
distribute the stream of gas through the water. There is a syphon-pot
_J_ for the reception of condensed moisture. Taps _K_ are
provided for shutting off the supply of water from the generators during;
recharging, and there is an overflow connexion _L_ for conveying the
water to the second generator as soon as the first is exhausted. There is
a sludge-cock _M_ at the base of each generator.

(2) Non-automatic; water-to-carbide; contact, superposed trays.

This resembles the preceding plant except that the supply of water from
the cistern to the generators takes place directly through the pipe
_N_ (shown in dotted lines in the diagram) and is controlled by hand
through the taps _K_. The automatic control-valve _H_ and the
rod _G_ are omitted. The gasholder _C_ is increased in size so
that it becomes a storage holder capable of containing the whole of the
gas evolved from one charging.

[Illustration: FIG. 59.--GENERATING PLANT OF THE ST. JAMES' ILLUMINATING
CO., LTD. (SECTIONAL ELEVATION AND PLAN.)]

_Maker_: THE STANDARD ACETYLENE CO., 123 VICTORIA STREET, LONDON,
S.W.

_Type_: (1) Non-automatic; carbide-to-water.

This plant comprises the generator _A_, the washer _B_, the
storage gasholder _C_, and the purifier _D_. The generator is
first filled with water to the crown of the cover, and carbide is then
thrown into the water by hand through the gas-tight lock, which is opened
and closed as required by the horizontal handle _P_. A cast-iron
grid prevents the lumps of carbide falling into the sludge in the conical
base of the generator. At the base of the cone is a sludge-valve
_G_. The gas passes from the generator through the pipe _H_
into the washer _B_, and after bubbling through the water therein
goes by way of the pipe _K_ into the gasholder _C_. The syphon-
pot _E_ is provided for the reception of condensed moisture, which
is removed from time to time by the pump _M_. From the gasholder the
gas flows through the valve _R_ to the purifier _D_, whence it
passes to the service-pipes. The purifier is charged with material
supplied under the proprietary name of "Standard."

[Illustration: FIG. 60.--CARBIDE-TO-WATER GENERATING PLANT OF THE STANDARD
ACETYLENE CO.]

(2) Automatic; water-to-carbide; contact, superposed trays.

This plant comprises the generators _A_, the washer _B_, the
equalising gasholder _C_, the purifier _D_, and the water-tank
_E_. The carbide is arranged on a series of wire trays in each
generator, to which water is supplied from the water-tank _E_
through the pipe _Y_ and the control-tap _U_. The gas passes
through the pipes _H_ to the washer _B_ and thence to the
holder _C_. The supply of water to the generators is controlled by
the tap _U_ which is actuated by the rise and fall of the gasholder
bell through the rod _F_. The gas passes, as in the non-automatic
plant, through a purifier _D_ to the service-pipes. Taps _W_
are provided for cutting off the flow of water to either of the
generators during recharging and an overflow pipe _h_ serves to
convey the water to the second generator as soon as the carbide in the
first is exhausted. A sludge-cook _G_ is put at the base of each
generator.

[Illustration: FIG. 61.--AUTOMATIC, WATER-TO-CARBIDE GENERATING PLANT OF
THE STANDARD ACETYLENE CO.]

(3) Non-automatic; water-to-carbide; contact, superposed-trays.

This apparatus resembles the preceding except that the supply of water to
the generators is controlled by hand through the taps _W_, the
control valve _U_ being omitted, and the gasholder _C_ being a
storage holder of sufficient dimensions to contain the whole of the
acetylene evolved from one charging.

_Maker_: THORN AND HODDLE ACETYLENE CO., 151 VICTORIA STREET, S.W.

_Type_: Automatic; water-to-carbide; "drawer."

The "Incanto" generating plant made by this firm consists of a rising
bell gasholder which acts mainly on an equaliser. The fall of the bell
depresses a ball valve immersed in the tank, and so allows water to flow
from the tank past an outside tap, which is closed only during
recharging, to a generating chamber. The generating chamber is horizontal
and is fixed in the base of the tank, so that its outer case is
surrounded by the water in the tank, with the object of keeping it cool.
The charge of carbide is placed in a partitioned container, and is
gradually attacked on the flooding principle by the water which enters
from the gasholder tank when the ball valve is depressed. The gas evolved
passes from the generating chamber by a pipe which extends above the
level of the water in the tank, and is then bent down so that its end
dips several inches below the level of the water. The gas issuing from
the end of the pipe is thus washed by the water in the gasholder tank.
From the gasholder the gas is taken off as required for use by a pipe,
the mouth of which is just below the crown of the holder. There is a lip
in the upper edge of the gasholder tank into which water is poured from
time to time to replace that consumed in the generation of the gas. There
are from one to three generating chambers in each apparatus according to
its size. The purifier is independent, and a purifying mixture under the
proprietary name of "Curazo" is supplied for use in it.

[Illustration: FIG. 62.--"INCANTO" GENERATOR.]

_Maker:_ WELDREN AND BLERIOT, 54 LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C.

_Type:_ Automatic; contact.

This firm supplies the "Acetylithe" apparatus (_see_ Belgium).

INDEX

Absorbed acetylene,
Acagine,
Accidents, responsibility for,
Acetone, effect of, on acetylene,
solution of acetylene in,
Acetylene-copper,
Acetylene-oil-gas,
Acetylene Association (Austrian)--regulations as to carbide,
Acetylene Association (British)--analysis of carbide,
generator rules,
pressure gauges,
purification rules,
Acetylene Association (German)--analysis of carbide,
holders,
generator rules,
standard carbide,
Acetylene tetrachloride, production of,
Ackermann burner,
Advantages of acetylene, general,
hygienic,
intrinsic,
pecuniary,
"After generation,"
Air, admission of, to burners,
and acetylene, ignition temperature of,
composition of,
dilution of acetylene with, before combustion,
effect of acetylene lighting on,
coal-gas lighting on,
on illuminating power of acetylene,
paraffin lighting on,
in acetylene,
in flames, effect of,
in generators, danger of,
objections to,
in incandescent acetylene,
in service-pipes,
proportion of, rendering acetylene explosive,
removing, from pipes,
specific gravity of,
sterilised by flames,
Air-gas,
and acetylene, comparison between,
and carburetted acetylene, comparison between,
effect of cold on,
illuminating power of,
Alcohol, action of, on carbide,
for carburetting acetylene,
holder seals,
from acetylene, production of,
Allgemeine Carbid und Acetylen Gesellschaft burner,
Alloys, fusible, for testing generators,
Alloys of copper. See _Copper (alloyed)_
Aluminium sulphide, in carbide
America (U.S.), regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters,
American gallon, value of,
Ammonia, in acetylene,
in coal-gas,
removal of,
solubility of, in water,
Analysis of carbide,
Ansdell, compressed and liquid acetylene,
Anthracene, formation of, from acetylene,
Anti-freezing agents,
Area of purifiers,
Argand burners,
Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Arrangement of generating plant,
Arsenious oxide purifier,
Atkins, dry process of generation,
Atmospheric moisture and carbide,
Atomic weights,
Attention needed by generators,
Austrian Acetylene Association, regulations as to carbide,
Austrian Government Regulations,
Autogenous soldering and welding,
Automatic generators. See _Generators (automatic)_

B

Baking of carbide
Ball-sockets for acetylene,
Barium peroxide purifier,
sulphate in bleaching-powder,
Barrel, gas, for acetylene, quality of
Bell gasholders. See _Holders (rising)_
Benz purifying material,
Benzene,
for carburetting acetylene,
production of, from acetylene,
Benzine. See _Petroleum spirit_
Berge, detection of phosphorus,
and Reychler, purification of acetylene,
and Reychler's reagent, solubility of acetylene in,
Bernat, formula for mains and pipes,
Berthelot, addition of chlorine to acetylene,
sodium acetate,
sulphuric acid and acetylene,
Berthelot and Matignon, thermochemical data,
and Vieille, dissolved acetylene,
Billwiller burners,
Black, acetylene,
Blagden, sodium hypochlorite,
Bleaching-powder purifier (simple),
Blochmann, copper acetylide,
Blow-off pipes. See _Vent-pipes_
Blowpipe, acetylene,
Boiling-ring,
Boistelle. See _Molet_
Borek, enrichment of oil-gas,
_Bougie decimale_,
Brackets for acetylene,
Bradley, Read, and Jacobs, calcium carbophosphide,
Brame and Lewes, manganese carbide,
Bray burners,
British Acetylene Association. See _Acetylene Association
(British)_,
Fire Offices Committee Regulations,
regulations. See _Acetylene Association (British); Home Office;
Orders in Council_
Bromine-water purifier,
Bullier, effect of heat on burners,
phosphorus in acetylene,
and Maquenne purifier,
Bunsen burner, principle of,
Bunte, enrichment of oil-gas,
Burner orifices and gas density,
Burners,
atmospheric,
principle of,
design of,
glassware for,
heating,
incandescent,
Ackermann,
Allgemeine Carbid und Acetylen Gesellschaft,
Bray,
firing back in,
Fouche,
Guenther's,
illuminating power of,
Jacob, Gebrueder,
Keller and Knappich,
Knappich,
O.C.A.,
pressure for,
principles of construction of,
Schimek,
Sirius,
Trendel,
typical,
Weber,
Zenith,
self-luminous,
Argand,
as standard of light,
Billwiller,
Bray,
choking of,
corrosion of,
cycle,
Falk, Stadelmann and Co.'s,
Konette,
Phos,
Wiener's,
Dolan,
Drake,
effect of heat on,
Elta,
Falk, Stadelmann and Co.'s,
firing back in,
fish-tail,
Forbes,
Hannam's,
illuminating power of,
self-luminous injector,
Javal,
Kona,
Luta,
Naphey,
Orka,
Phos,
Pintsch,
pressure for,
rat-tail,
Sansair,
Schwarz's,
Stadelmann,
Suprema,
twin, angle of impingement in,
injector,
non-injector,
warping of,
Wiener's,
Wonder,
By-products, See also _Residues_

C

Cadenel, shape of incandescent acetylene mantle,
"Calcidum,"
Calcium carbide, action of heat on,
action of non-aqueous liquids on,
analysis of,
and carbon bisulphide, reaction between,
and hydroxide, reaction between,
and ice, reaction between,
and steam, reaction between,
and water, reaction between,
as drying material,
baking of,
balls and cartridges. See _Cartridges_
bulk of,
chemical properties of,
crushing of,
decomposition of,
by solids containing water,
heat evolved during,
imperfect,
speed of,
temperature attained during,
deterioration of, on storage,
drums of,
dust in,
explosibility of,
fire, risk of,
formula for,
granulated,
heat-conducting power of,
of formation of,
impurities in,
inertness of,
in residues,
physical properties of,
purity of,
quality, regulations as to,
sale and purchase of, regulations as to,
scented,
shape of lumps of,
sizes of,
small, yield of gas from,
specific gravity of,
heat of,
standard, British,
German,
"sticks,"
storage regulations for,
subdivided charges of,
sundry uses of,
swelling of, during decomposition,
"treated,"
yield of acetylene from,
Calcium carbophosphide,
Calcium chloride, cause of frothing in generators,
for seals,
purifier,
solubility of acetylene in,
Calcium hydroxide,
adhesion of, to carbide,
and carbide, reaction between,
milk of, solubility of acetylene in,
physical properties of,
space occupied by,
Calcium hypochlorite,
Calcium oxide,
and water, reaction between,
hydration of,
hygroscopic nature of,
physical properties of,
Calcium phosphide,
Calcium sulphide,
Calorie, definition of,
Calorific power of acetylene,
various gases,
Candle-power. See _Illuminating power_
Capelle, illuminating power of acetylene,
Carbide. See _Calcium carbide_
Carbide-containers,
air in,
filling of,
partitions in,
water-jacketing,
Carbide-feed generators. See _Generators (carbide-to-water)_
Carbide impurities in acetylene,
Carbide-to-water generators. See _Generators (carbide-to-water)_
Carbides, mixed,
Carbolic acid, production of, from acetylene,
Carbon, combustion of, in flames,
deposition of, in burners,
gaseous, heat of combustion of,
heat of combustion of,
vaporisation of,
pigment, production of,
Carbon bisulphide and acetylene, reaction between,
and calcium carbide, reaction between,
in coal-gas,
Carbon dioxide, addition of, to acetylene,
dissociation of,
effect of, on explosibility of acetylene,
for removing air from pipes,
heat of formation of,
produced by respiration,
benzene,
coal-gas,
in flame of acetylene,
Carbon monoxide, in acetylene,
heat of combustion of,
formation of,
temperature of ignition of,
Carbonic acid. See _Carbon dioxide_
Carburetted acetylene, composition of,
effect of cold on,
illuminating power of,
manufacture of,
pecuniary value of,
Carburetted water-gas, enrichment of,
Carburine. See _Petroleum spirit_
Carlson, specific heat of carbide,
Caro, acetone vapour in acetylene,
addition of petroleum spirit to generator water,
air in incandescent acetylene,
calorific power of gases,
colour of incandescent acetylene,
composition of mantles,
durability of mantles,
heat production in generators,
illuminating power of carburetted acetylene,
of incandescent acetylene,
oil of mustard,
silicon in crude acetylene,
Caro and Saulmann, "Calcidum,"
Carriage, cost of, and artificial lighting,
Cartridges of carbide,
Cast-iron pipe for acetylene,
Castor oil for acetylene joints,
Catani, temperature of acetylene flame,
Caustic potash purifier,
Cedercreutz, yield of gas from carbide,
and Lunge, purification,
Ceilings, blackening of,
Ceria, proportion of, in mantles,
Cesspools for residues,
Chandeliers, hydraulic, for acetylene,
Charcoal and chlorine purifier,
Charging generators after dark,
at irregular intervals,
Chassiron lighthouse,
Chemical formulae, meaning of,
Chemical reactions and heat,
of acetylene,
Chimneys for stoves, &c.,
glass, for burners,
Chloride of lime. See _Bleaching-powder_
Chlorine and acetylene, compounds of,
and charcoal purifier,
in acetylene,
Chromic acid purifier,
Cigars, lighted, danger of,
Claude and Hess, dissolved acetylene,
Coal-gas, enrichment of, with acetylene,
illuminating power of,
impurities in,
vitiation of air by,
Cocks, hand-worked, in generators,
Coefficient of expansion of acetone,
air,
dissolved acetylene,
gaseous acetylene,
liquid acetylene,
simple gases,
Coefficient of friction of acetylene,
of coal-gas,
Coke filters for acetylene,
Cold, effect of, on acetylene,
on air-gas,
on carburetted acetylene,
on generation,
Colour judging by acetylene,
of acetylene flame,
of air-gas flame,
Colour of atmospheric acetylene flame,
of coal-gas flame,
of electric light,
of incandescent acetylene flame,
of spent carbide,
Combustion of acetylene,
deposit from,
Composition pipe for acetylene,
Compounds, endo- and exo-thermic,
explosive, of acetylene and copper,
"Compounds," of phosphorus and sulphur,
silicon,
Compressed acetylene,
Condensed matter in pipes, removal of,
Condensers,
Connexions, flexible, for acetylene,
Construction of generators, principles of,
regulations as to,
Contact generators,
Convection of heat,
Cooking-stoves,
Copper acetylide,
(alloyed) in acetylene apparatus,
(unalloyed) in acetylene apparatus,
and acetylene, reactions between,
carbides,
chloride purifier
Corrosion in apparatus,
avoidance of,
Corrosive sublimate purifier,
as test for phosphorus
Cost of acetylene lighting,
Cotton-wool filters for acetylene,
Council, Orders in. See _Orders in Council_
Counterpoises for rising holders,
Couples, galvanic,
Coward. See _Dixon_
Critical pressure and temperature of acetylene,
Crushing of carbide,
"Cuprene,"
Cuprous chloride purifier,
Cycle lamps,
burners for,
dilute alcohol for,
Cylinders for absorbed acetylene,

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40