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Annual Bibliography of Commonwealth Literature 2007
This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as "social `shifters'" and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the "interconnectedness" of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing "domesticated" forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of "straddling", this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

Palmistry for All

C >> Cheiro >> Palmistry for All

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If the Line of Fate ascending the hand sends an offshoot from it on or
towards any of the Mounts, such as to Jupiter, the Sun, or Mercury, then
the Destiny will be more largely associated with the quality that the
Mount it approaches symbolises.

For example: If such a line be seen approaching or going towards Jupiter
(6-6, Plate XI.) it denotes responsibility, power of command over others,
or some high position which will commence to be realised from the date
when the offshoot leaves the Line of Fate. If such a mark continues its
course and finishes on the Mount of Jupiter, it is one of the most
magnificent signs of success that can be found for that particular aim or
purpose.

[Illustration: PLATE XII.

THE LINE OF DESTINY AND ITS VARIATIONS.]

If this offshoot ascends towards the Mount of the Sun (7-7, Plate XI.)
the success will be in the direction of riches and public life, which
will give great publicity or renown; this is also a magnificent sign of
success.

If the offshoot goes towards the Mount of Mercury (8-8, Plate XI.), the
success it indicates will be more in the direction of some special
achievement either in science or commerce.

If the Line of Fate itself should not ascend towards its habitual
position on the Mount of Saturn, but, instead, run up towards or on to
any other Mount, then the whole effort of the life will be tinged with
whatever quality that particular Mount signifies. Such an indication must
not, however, be considered as the certain or sure sign of success as
when the Line of Fate keeps to its own place and sends branches to some
particular Mount.

When the Line of Fate ascends the hand without branches and runs like a
lonely path up and on to the Mount of Saturn, such a person will be like
a child of Fate chained to an iron road of circumstances. It will be
impossible for him to avert the trials of his Destiny or mitigate them in
any way. He will receive no help from others, and little will ever happen
except to bring him sorrow or tragedy. Such a mark of Fate through the
hand must never be considered as "a good line of Destiny."

To have a really good Line of Fate it should not be too heavily marked,
but just clear and distinct, and, above all, be accompanied by a Line of
Sun in some form or other.

If a Line of Fate run over the Mount of Saturn and up into the base of
the finger, it is an unfortunate sign, as everything the subject
undertakes will get out of his control, and he will not apparently know
how or when to stop in whatever he takes up.

When the Line of Fate appears to be stopped by the Line of Heart, the
career will always be ruined through or by the affections being badly
placed.

When, however, it joins the Line of Heart and they together ascend the
Mount of Jupiter (1-1, Plate XII.), the subject will have happiness
through his affections and will be helped by love and affection to attain
his highest ambitions. He will also be extremely lucky through the
friendship and love of those he meets, and will be greatly benefited and
helped by others.

When the Line of Fate appears to be stopped by the Line of Head (4-4,
Plate XII.), it foretells that his career will be spoiled by the
subject's own stupidity or mental foolishness.


RISING FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE PALM

When the Line of Fate only makes its appearance far up in the centre of
the palm, in what is called the Plain of Mars, it indicates a hard early
life and that the subject must always have a hard fight to gain his ends;
but should the Line ascend clearly and strongly from the Plain of Mars
and have a branch to or on towards the Mount of the Sun, such a person
will be the architect of his own fortunes, and without help or assistance
will win success and fortune by his own personal hard work and merit.

When the Line of Fate rises from the Line of Head and when it is well
marked, everything will come to the subject late in life and only then by
his own brains.

When the Line of Fate is seen with one branch on the Mount of Venus and
the other on the Mount of the Moon (1-2, Plate XIII.) it indicates a
career of romance and passion, by which the whole of the Destiny will be
swayed.

When the Line of Fate itself rises inside the Life Line on the Mount of
Venus (2-2, Plate XIII.), passionate love will affect the whole career,
and such persons, it will be found, usually place their affections on
impossible people or on those who are in some way tied up by marriage or
who otherwise are unable to gratify the love that the other person
demands. This is a most unlucky sign for affection to find in the hands
of a woman.

[Illustration: PLATE XIII.

THE LINE OF DESTINY AND ITS MODIFICATIONS.]

When the Line of Fate is broken or made up in little bits, the career
will be found full of troubles, breaks, and nothing that one gets will
last long enough to bring any settled or continuous success.

A break in the Fate Line is not always a bad sign to have, provided that
one side begins before the other ends; in such a case it foretells a
complete change in surroundings and position, and if the new line looks
good and straight it will be found to mean that the change will bring
about an advancement in position commencing at the date when the second
line first makes its appearance.[2]

[2] For dates on the Line of Fate _see_ Chapter XIX.


INFLUENCE LINES

When any small line joins the Fate Line or goes on with it as an
attendant line, such a mark usually indicates marriage at the date when
these lines join (3-3, Plate XIII.). If, on the contrary, these lines do
not join, marriage with the person is not likely to occur although the
affection and influence will be present in the career.

When one of these influence lines appears by the side of the Fate Line
and crosses through it towards or on to the Mount of Mars, it indicates
that the influence thus shown will turn to hate and will injure the
career of the person on whose hand it is found (1-1, Plate XIV.).


DOUBLE LINES OF FATE

When the Line of Fate is itself double (2-2, Plate XIV.), it is a sign of
what is called "a double life," but if, after running side by side for
some length these two lines join or become one, it foretells that "the
double life" has been caused by some great affection, that circumstances
prevented a union, but that the preventing cause will be removed at the
point where these two lines join.

When, however, a double Line of Fate is clearly marked, especially if
they incline towards different mounts of the hand, such a mark indicates
that two careers would be carried out simultaneously--one perhaps as a
hobby and the other as the principal career.

When the Line of Fate is extremely faint or just barely traced through
the palm, it will be found to indicate a general disbelief in the idea of
Fate and Destiny. It is often found on the hands of very materialistic
persons, those who rebel against the idea that they are governed in any
way by Fate or by any power save themselves.

When this is found, and at the same time a good clear Line of Head, such
people will be sure to win success by their mentality alone, but the
details of their destiny will not be able to be told, and one must
content oneself with chiefly describing their characteristics,
peculiarities, etc.

When no Line of Fate whatever is found and only a very ordinary Line of
Head, then there will be nothing very particular to say about the
Destiny; such people, as a rule, lead very colourless lives, nothing
seems to affect them much one way or the other, and they will be found to
have very little purpose to illumine the drab monotony of their
existence.

An island (3, Plate XIV.) is an extremely bad sign to find in the Line of
Fate.

When found at the very beginning of the line (4, Plate XIV.) it
indicates some mystery regarding the commencement of such careers, such
as illegitimate birth.

[Illustration: PLATE XIV.

THE LINE OF DESTINY, ISLANDS, AND OTHER SIGNS.]

An island, when found on a woman's hand connecting the Fate Line with the
Mount of Venus, is an almost certain indication of her seduction (5,
Plate XIV.).

An island in any part of the Plain of Mars indicates a period of great
difficulty, loss in one's career, and in consequence, generally loss of
money (3, Plate XIV.).

An Island on the Fate and Head Lines together means loss also, but more
brought on by the person's own stupidity or lack of intelligence (6,
Plate XIV.).

An island over the Fate and Heart Lines indicates loss and trouble
connected with affairs of the heart or brought about by the affections.

An island on the Mount of Saturn or towards the end of the Line of Fate
(5, Plate XIV.) foreshadows that the career will finish in poverty and
despair.[3]

[3] For more details concerning the meaning of "islands" in general,
_see_ Chapter XV.

When the Line of Fate finishes suddenly with a cross, some great fatality
may be expected, but when the cross is found on the Fate Line and on the
Mount of Saturn, the ending of such a Destiny will be some terrible
tragedy, generally one of public disgrace and public death.




CHAPTER VI


THE LINE OF THE SUN

The Line of the Sun, which is otherwise called the Line of Success or the
Line of Brilliancy (1-1, Plate XV.), is one of the most important marks
on the hand to consider.

It has in its symbolism almost the same significance as the Sun itself
has to the Earth.

Without this line the life has no happiness, no sunshine, as it were, and
even the greatest talents lie in darkness and do not produce their fruit.

Amateurs, in looking at hands, often make the greatest mistakes in seeing
what appears to be "a good Line of Fate," and in consequence rush off and
predict great success and fortune, whereas, as I explained in the
preceding chapter, a Fate Line unaccompanied by the Line of Sun may
simply mean a fatalistic life full of sorrow and darkness.

The quality that the Line of Sun denotes is, what is generally called
"luck"; with a well-marked Sun Line even a poor Line of Head promises
more success, and it is the same with the Line of Fate.

People with the Sun Line appear to have more magnetism, more influence
over others. They more easily secure recognition, reward, riches, and
honours.

They also have a happier and brighter disposition, and this has
naturally a great deal to do with what is called success.

[Illustration: PLATE XV.

THE LINE OF SUN AND ITS MODIFICATIONS.]

From whatever date in the hand the Line of Sun appears, things become
brighter, more prosperous and important. The Line of the Sun may rise
from the following positions:

From the Line of Life, the Line of Fate, the Plain of Mars, the Mount of
the Moon, the Line of Head, and from the Line of Heart, or it may only
appear as a small line on its own Mount.

Rising from the Line of Life (2-2, Plate XV.), it promises success from
whatever the life is that is led, but not from "luck."

From the Line of Fate (3-3, Plate XV.), it is a sure sign of recognition
for the career adopted, but brought about by the personal effort of the
subject.

From the Plain of Mars, and not connected with the other lines, it
foretells success after difficulties.

From the Mount of the Moon (4-4, Plate XV.), success is more a matter due
to the caprice of others. It is more changeable and uncertain and is by
no means such a sure sign of riches or solid position. It is more the
sign of success as a public favourite, and is often found in the hands of
those who depend on the public for their livelihood, such as actors and
actresses, singers, and certain classes of artists, speakers, clergymen,
etc. For all such professions it is, however, fortunate, and an extremely
lucky sign to have, as it promises in all cases luck, brilliancy, and
recognition in the world.

Rising from the Line of Head, the Sun Line gives success from the mental
efforts and qualities, but not until after the middle of life is past. It
is found on the hands of brain workers, students of some particular
branch of study, writers, scientists, etc.

From the Line of Heart, success will come late in life in some way
depending on, or through, the affections. In such cases it generally
promises a very happy marriage late in life, but it is always a certain
sign of eventual ease, happiness, and worldly comfort.

Marked only on its own Mount, the Line of Sun promises happiness and
success, but so late in life as to make it hardly worth having.

When the third finger--called the finger of the Sun--is much longer than
the first with the Line of Sun well marked, the gambling instincts will
be much in evidence. Nearly all successful gamblers for money have these
two indications.

When, however, the third finger is equal to the second, the love of
amassing wealth will be the dominant passion of the life.

When the third finger is extremely long and twisted or crooked, the
person will endeavour to obtain money at any cost. This malformation is
much seen in the hands of thieves or criminals who are likely to commit
any crime for the sake of money. Note--if the Line of Head is very high
on the palm, and more especially if it rises upwards at the end (3-3,
Plate III.), these evil qualities will be still more accentuated.

When a hand is found to be artistic in its shape, with pointed fingers or
long and narrow, the Line of Sun on such a formation promises rather
success and brilliancy in Art, on the Stage, or in Public Singing, than
in anything else.

The real musician's hand, such as the composer's or player's, is however
rarely a long, thin-shaped hand, because such persons must have a more
scientific nature. This quality is not found with those who possess the
long, slender, very artistic-shaped hand, who depend more on their
emotional temperament than on scientific study for their foundation.

On extremely long, thin hands, those that belong to what is called the
Psychic Type,[4] the Line of Sun has very little meaning except that of
temperament, such persons being too idealistic to care for either wealth,
position, or worldly success. They have as a rule, simply bright, happy,
sunny dispositions if this line is marked on their hands, and they go
through life as in a dream, and their dreams are to them the only things
that matter.

[4] _See_ Types of Hands, Part II., page 123.

A curious characteristic, however, and one that has not been noticed by
other writers on this subject, is, that on all hands where the Sun Line
is seen, the nature of such people is much more sensitive to environment
than that of those persons who do not possess this Line. For this reason
the Line has been considered a sign of the artistic nature. But what is
known as the "artistic nature" may show itself only in the love of
beautiful things, harmony of surroundings, and such like; whereas the
people who do not possess any mark of the Sun Line, seldom even notice
their surroundings and would live equally happy in the most squalid
homes. They would not trouble whether their curtains were black, green,
yellow, or some fearful conglomeration of all three.

When many lines are found on the Mount of the Sun, they show also the
artistic nature, but one where the multiplicity of aims and ideas will
prevent any real success.

Two or three Sun Lines, when running parallel and evenly together, are
good and indicate success in two or three different lines of work; but
one good, straight, clear line is the best sign to have.

An "island" on any part of the Line of the Sun destroys the position and
success promised, but only during the period where the island appears (5,
Plate XV.). In nearly all cases it denotes public scandal, and when very
clearly marked a _cause celebre_ or something of that sort.

All opposition lines, viz., those that cross over from the thumb side of
the hand, and especially those from the Mount of Mars or from its
direction, are bad (6-6 Plate XV.). If these opposition lines pass
through, cut, or interfere with the Line of Sun in any way, they denote
the jealousy or interference of people against one.

Curiously enough, these opposition lines from the Mount of Mars relate to
the interference of members of the same sex as the subject; while, if
they come from the Mount of Venus, they relate to the opposite sex of the
individual on whose hand they appear (7-7, Plate XV.).

A "star" found on the Line of Sun is one of the luckiest and most
fortunate signs to have.

A "square" is a sign of preservation against the attacks of enemies or
efforts to assail one's position.

A "cross" is an unfortunate sign, and denotes difficulties and annoyance,
but only relating to one's name or position.

On a "hollow hand," the Line of Sun loses all power, and its good
promises are never fulfilled.

The complete absence of the Line of Sun on an otherwise well-marked hand,
indicates that no matter how clever or talented these people may be, the
recognition of the world will be difficult or even impossible to gain. In
other words, their life will remain in darkness; people will not see
their work and the "Sun of Success" will never dawn on their pathway of
labour.




CHAPTER VII


THE LINE OF HEART AS INDICATING THE AFFECTIONATE AND EMOTIONAL NATURE

The Line of Heart is that Line which runs across the hand under the
fingers and generally rises under the base of the first, and runs off the
side of the hand under the base of the fourth or little finger (1-1,
Plate XVI.).

The Line of Heart relates purely to the affectionate disposition, in
fact, to the mental side of the love nature of the subject. It should be
borne in mind that, by lying as it does on that part of the hand above
the Line of Head, it is consequently on the portion of the hand that
relates to mental characteristics and not to the physical.

The Line of Heart should be deep, clear, and well coloured. It may arise
from the extreme outside of the Mount of Jupiter (2, Plate XVI.), from
the centre of this Mount, from the space between the first and second
fingers (3, Plate XVI.), from the face of the Mount of Saturn (4, Plate
XVI.), or from directly under this Mount (5, Plate XVI.).

From the outside of the Mount of Jupiter, it denotes the blind enthusiast
in affection, a man or woman who places his or her ideal of love so high
that neither fault nor failing is seen in the being worshipped. With
these people their pride in the object of their affection is beyond all
reason, and all such extremists as a rule suffer terribly through their
affections.

[Illustration: PLATE XVI.

THE LINE OF HEART AND ITS VARIATIONS.]

From the centre of the Mount of Jupiter, the Heart Line gives more
moderation, but also great ideality, and is one of the best of the
variations of this Line that we are about to consider.

People with such a Heart Line are firm and reliable in their affections,
they have an unusually high code of honour and morality. They are
ambitious that the person they live with be great, noble, and successful.
They seldom marry beneath their station in life, and they have fewer love
affairs than any other class.

If they once really love, they love for ever. They do not believe in
second marriages, and the divorce courts are seldom troubled with their
presence.

The Heart Line rising from between the first and second fingers, gives a
calmer but a very deep nature in all matters of the affections (3, Plate
XVI.).

These people seem to strike the happy medium between the ideality and
pride given by Jupiter, and the more selfish love nature given when the
line rises from Saturn.

They are not very demonstrative when in love, but they are capable of the
very greatest sacrifices for those they care for. They do not expect the
person on whom they bestow their affection to be a god or a goddess.

When the Line of Heart rises on the Mount of Saturn the subject will be
rather selfish in all questions of affection (4, Plate XVI.). These
people are not self-sacrificing, like the previous type. They are
inclined to be cynical, reserved, undemonstrative but very insistent in
trying to gain the person they want. They will let nothing stand in their
way, but once they have obtained their object they show little tenderness
or devotion.

They are very unforgiving if they discover any lapses on the part of
their partner, but as they are "a law unto themselves," they close their
eyes to their own shortcomings.

The Line of Heart that rises from under the base of the Mount of Saturn
(5, Plate XVI.), exhibits all the foregoing characteristics, but in a
much more intensified form. Such persons live for themselves, and care
little whether those around them are happy or not.

The shorter the Line of Heart is on the Hand, the less the higher
sentiments of the affection make themselves manifest.

When the Line of Heart is found in excess, namely, extremely long--it
denotes a terrible tendency toward jealousy (2, Plate XVI.), and this is
alarmingly increased if the Line of Head on the same hand is very sloping
towards the Mount of the Moon (6, Plate XVI.). In such a case the
imagination will run away with itself where jealousy is concerned.

When the Line of Heart is found curving downward at the base of the Mount
of Jupiter (7, Plate XVI.), it tells of a strange fatality in that
person, of meeting with great disappointment in love, and even with those
they trust in friendship. He seems to lack perception, in knowing whom to
love. His affections are nearly always misplaced or never returned.

These people have, however, as a rule, wonderfully kind, affectionate
dispositions. They have little pride about whom they love and they
generally marry beneath their station in life.

A Line of Heart made up like a chain, or by a crowd of little lines
running into it, denotes flirtations and inconstancy in the love nature,
and seldom has any lasting affection.

A Line of Heart from Saturn in holes or links like a chain, especially
when it is broad, denotes an absolute contempt for the subject's opposite
sex. It is one of the signs of mental degeneration as far as love is
concerned.

When this Line is pale and broad, without any depth, it denotes a nature
_blase_ and indifferent with no depth of affection.

When very low down on the hand, almost touching the Line of Head, the
heart will always interfere with the affairs of the head.

When it lies very high on the hand and the space is narrowed only by the
Head Line being abnormally high and out of its place, it indicates the
reverse of the above, and that the affairs of the heart are ruled by the
head. Such persons are extremely calculating in all matters of love.

When only one deep, straight line is found across the hand from side to
side, the two lines both Head and Heart appear to blend together. This
denotes an intensely self-concentrated nature. If such a subject loves,
he unites with it all the forces of his mind, and if he put his mind on
any subject, he throws his whole heart and soul into whatever it may be
(Plate VI.).

These people are also terribly head-strong and self-willed in all they
do. They do not seem to know what fear means in any sense--they are
dangerous lovers and husbands to trifle with, for they will stop at
nothing if their blood is once roused.

They are also dangerous to themselves. They rush blindly into danger, and
they usually meet with terrible accidents and injuries, and very often
suffer a violent death (_see_ also page 29).

When the Line of Heart commences with a fork, one branch on Jupiter and
the other between the first and second fingers, it is an excellent sign
of a well-balanced, happy, affectionate disposition, and a good promise
of great happiness in all matters of affection.

When the Line of Heart is very thin and with no branches, it denotes
coldness and want of heart.

When there is no Line of Heart whatever, it is a sign of a cold-blooded,
unemotional nature. Such people can, however, be brutally sensual and
especially so if the Mount of Venus is high (_see_ Mounts, page 140).

A broken Heart Line is a certain sign that some terrible tragedy in the
affections will at some time or other overwhelm the subject.

It may not often be found nowadays, but I have seen it in some few cases,
and these persons never recovered the loss of the loved one or ever had
love in their lives again.




CHAPTER VIII


SIGNS RELATING TO MARRIAGE

What is called the Line of Marriage is that mark or marks, as the case
may be, found on the side of the Mount under the fourth finger (1, Plate
XVII.).

I will first proceed to give all the details possible about these lines,
and then call my reader's attention to the other marks on the hand that
qualify these Lines of Marriage, and further add a wealth of information
regarding them.

The Line, or Lines, of Marriage may be found as very short marks almost
on the very side of the hand, or they may appear as quite long lines
rising from the side of the hand into the face of the Mount of Mercury,
or, in some cases, going farther still into the hand itself.

Only the clearly formed lines relate to marriage, the short ones to deep
affection, or marriage contemplated, but never entered into (2, Plate
XVII.).

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