Cameos from English History, from Rollo to Edward II

C >> Charlotte Mary Yonge >> Cameos from English History, from Rollo to Edward II

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After this act of intimidation, Mortimer's insolence went still farther,
and England was fully sensible that the minion now reigning united
all the faults of the former ones--the extravagance and rapacity of
Gaveston, and the pride and violence of the Despensers; and as if to
bring upon himself their very fate, he caused himself to be appointed
Warden of the Marches of Wales, and helped himself to manor after manor
of the Despenser property. His name and lineage were Welsh, and in
memory of King Arthur he held tournaments which he called Round Tables,
and made this display so frequent, that his own son Geoffrey became
ashamed of them, and called him the King of Folly.

Meantime, the modest and innocent young court at Woodstock was made
happy by the birth of the heir to the crown--a babe of such promise and
beauty that even grave chroniclers pause to record his noble aspect, and
the motherly fondness of the youthful Philippa, then only seventeen.
Again Queen Isabel was obliged to trust her son out of the hands of
herself and her minions. Her last brother, King Charles IV., was dead,
leaving only daughters; and though she fancied the claim of her son
Edward to the French crown to be nearer than that of Philippe, Count of
Valois, the son of her father's brother, it was not convenient to press
the assumption, and it was therefore resolved that young Edward should
go to Amiens to perform his homage to Philippe. He was only fifteen days
absent from England, and duly swore fealty to Philippe; the one robed in
blue velvet and golden lilies, the other in crimson velvet worked with
the English lions; but the pageant was a worthless ceremony, and the
journey was chiefly important as bringing him to a full sense of the
esteem in which his mother was held at home and abroad. Edward was
nearly nineteen, and was resolved that he and his country should be held
in unworthy bondage no longer. He confided his plans to Sir William
Montacute, and they agreed to bring about the downfall of Mortimer at
the next parliament, which was summoned to meet at Nottingham.

So suspicious were the Queen and her favorite, that they always travelled
with a strong guard, and, on entering Nottingham Castle, the locks on
all the gates were changed, and the keys were every night brought to the
Queen, who hid them under her pillow. Edward himself was admitted, but
with only four attendants; and the Earls of Lancaster and Hereford were
not even allowed to lodge their followers in the town, but with insolent
words were quartered a mile off, to their own great discontent and that
of the country-folk.

Montacute meanwhile held counsel with Sir Robert Eland, the governor of
the castle, who told him that far without the walls lay a cave, whence
a subterraneous gallery led into the keep of Nottingham Castle. It was
believed to have been made for a means of escape in the days of Danish
inroads, and it was still practicable to lead a body of men through it.
Montacute undertook the enterprise on the 19th of October, 1330. Whether
the King crept through the passage, or only joined Montacute after he
emerged on the stairs, is not certain; but together, and with a troop
of armed men behind them, they broke into the room where Mortimer was
consulting with the Earl of Lincoln, and seized upon his person. The
Queen, nearly undressed, hurried out of the next room, and Edward stood
behind the door, that she might not see him; but she guessed that he
was present, and cried out piteously, "Fair son, have pity on gentle
Mortimer!" Her cries were unheeded, and Mortimer was, in the early
morning, sent off to the Tower of London, while all Nottingham rang with
shouts of joy.

Edward broke up the parliament, and summoned a new one to meet at
Westminster, where he called Mortimer to account for a tissue of such
horrible crimes that one alone would have secured his condemnation. The
Peers were asked what his sentence should be, and they all answered that
he ought to die like his victim, Hugh le Despenser, who had not had a
moment to speak in his own defence. Perhaps Edward dreaded to hear his
mother's crimes disclosed, for he forbade the confession to be made
known of two of the accomplices in his father's murder, and caused
Mortimer to die a traitor's death at once at Tyburn--the inaugurating
execution at that melancholy spot. This hasty sentence stood Mortimer's
family in good stead; for, as there was no sentence of attainder, they
continued to hold the earldom of March. Edward little thought that the
grandson of his father's murderer would become the heir to his own
throne.

The Pope wrote to Edward to intercede with him for his mother, but the
exhortation was hardly needed, for he showed the most delicate and
filial respect throughout for her name, and what truth and necessity
compelled him to declare against her, he charged on the evil influence
of Mortimer. Her grief and despair threw her into an absolute fit of
madness at the time of Mortimer's execution, and she continued subject
to fits of distraction for many years after. She was shut up in Risings
Castle, and respectfully attended upon by a sufficient train; her son
visited her from time to time, but she never saw any others of her
family; and when, after twenty-eight years, she died, she chose to be
buried in the church of the Gray Friars, at Newgate, where lay the
remains of Mortimer.

While these events were taking place in England, one of the great
spirits of the time was passing away at Cardross, in Scotland. Robert
the Bruce lay on his death-bed, and, calling for his nobles, bade them
swear fealty to his infant son, and appointed Randolph, Earl of Moray,
as regent for the child; for Sir James Douglas he reserved a yet dearer,
closer charge. Long ago, as he lay on his bed at Rachrin, had he vowed
to go on pilgrimage to Jerusalem; but before he had given rest to his
country, the deadly sickness had seized on him which was cutting him off
in his fifty-fifth year. He therefore entreated that Douglas would carry
his heart, to fulfil his vow, instead of himself, and that, making his
way to Jerusalem, he would lay it finally in the Holy Sepulchre.

Weeping so that he could hardly speak, Sir James thanked his master for
the inestimable honor, and vowed, on his faith as a knight, to do his
bidding. Robert likewise gave his nobles a set of counsels for the
defence of his kingdom, showing how truly he estimated its resources and
method of warfare; for it is said that no reverse ever afterward befell
the Scots but by their disregard of what they called "Good King Robert's
Testament"--precepts he had obeyed all his life, and which stood nearly
thus in old Scottish:

"On foot should be all Scottish war,
By hill and moss themselves to ware;
Let woods for walls be; bow and spear
And battle-axe their fighting gear:
That enemies do them na dreir,
In strait places gar keep all store,
And burn the plain land them before:
Then shall they pass away in haste,
When that they find nothing but waste;
With wiles and wakening of the night.
And mickle noise made on height;
Then shall they turn with great affray,
As they were chased with sword away.
This is the counsel and intent
Of Good King Robert's Testament."

With these fierce, though sagacious counsels, the hero of Scotland died
on the 7th of June, 1329. He was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, after his
heart had been extracted and embalmed according to his command; but the
dissolution of the convents made sad havoc among the royal tombs of
Scotland, and two churches had risen and fallen above his marble tomb
before it was discovered among the ruins in 1819, and his remains were
found in a winding-sheet of cloth of gold, and the breastbone sawn
through. Multitudes were admitted to gaze on them, and there were many
tears shed, for, in the simple and beautiful words of Scott, "There was
the wasted skull which once was the head that thought so wisely and
boldly for his country's deliverance; and there was the dry bone which
had once been the sturdy arm that killed Sir Henry de Bohun between
the two armies at a single blow, the evening before the battle of
Bannockburn."

The Bruce's heart was enclosed in a silver case, and hung round the neck
of Douglas, who sailed at once on his pilgrimage, taking with him a
retinue befitting the royal treasure that he bore. But on his way
he landed in Spain, and esteeming that any war with any Saracen was
agreeable to his vow, he offered his aid to King Alfonso, of Castile.
But he was ignorant of the Moorish mode of fighting, and, riding too
far in advance with his little band, was inclosed and cut off by the
wheeling horsemen of the Moors. Still he might have escaped, had he not
turned to rescue Sir William St. Clair, of Roslyn; but in doing this he
was so entangled, that he saw no escape, and taking from his neck his
precious charge, he threw it before him, shouting aloud, "Pass onward as
thou wert wont! I follow, or die!" He followed, and died. His corpse
was found on the battle-field lying over the heart of Bruce, and his
friends, lifting up the body, bore it back again to his own little
church of St. Bride of Douglas, where it lies interred; while the
crowned and bleeding heart shines emblazoned on the shield of the great
Douglas line, a memorial of the time and hearty love that knit together,
through adversity and prosperity, the good King Robert and the good Lord
James. The heart itself was given into the charge of Sir Simon Locard,
of Lee, already the keeper of the curious talisman called the Lee Penny,
brought by Earl David of Huntingdon from the East; but he did not deem
it needful to carry his burthen to Jerusalem, and it was buried beneath
the altar at Melrose Abbey, Sir Simon changed his name to Lockhart, and
bore on his shield a heart with a fetterlock, on his crest a hand with a
key, and for his motto, "_Corda serrata pando._"

Here, then, we close the first series of Cameos, during which we have
seen the Norman conquerors gradually become English, and the kingdom
take somewhat of its present form. In another volume we hope to show the
long wars of the Middle Ages.

INDEX.

Acre, the siege of,
Prince Edward there,
its final conquest
by the Saracens,
Adela, William the Conqueror's daughter,
married to Stephen of Blois,
Adrian IV., Pope,
Nicholas Brakespeare, an Englishman,
his grant of Ireland to Henry II.,
Aelred, Abbot of Rivaux,
his visit to King David of Scotland,
death,
Agatha, wife of Edward the Etheling,
Alain Fergeant,
married to William the Conqueror's daughter Constance,
Alberic, friend of Robert Courtheuse,
Albigenses, the war against,
led by Simon de Montfort,
Aldred, Archbishop of York,
consecrates Bishop Wulstan,
dies of grief,
Alexander III., Pope,
his support of Becket,
Alexander III., of Scotland,
at the coronation of Edward I.,
his character,
his shocking death,
troubles in Scotland after this,
Alexis Comnenus, Greek Emperor,
his conduct to the crusaders,
Alfonso I. of Castile,
William the Conqueror's daughter Matilda promised to,
Alfred, Archbishop of York, crowns Harold king of England,
Alfred Atheling, son of Ethelred the Unready,
his expedition against Harold Harefoot,
his murder,
Alftrude, tradition of Hereward's love for,
Algar, son of Earl Leofric,
Alice of France, Richard Coeur de Lion bethrothed to,
disputes about this,
Alice of Louvain, second wife of Henry I.
married secondly to William de Albini,
Almayne, Henry of, son of Richard king of the Romans,
joins the last crusade,
his murder by the De Montforts,
punishment of his murderers,
Anjou, history of the Counts of,
loss of, by the English to Philippe Auguste,
Anjou, Charles, Comte d',
joins the crusade of Louis IX,
seizes the crown of the Two Sicilies,
his conduct in the last crusade,
at the death of Louis IX.,
Prince Edward's reply to him,
Anselm, Archbishop: Bishop Wulstan assists at his consecration,
his birth and parentage,
enters the Abbey of Bec,
the Archbishopric of Canterbury forced upon him,
his collision with William Rufus,
banished for life,
returns on the death of Rufus,
disputes with Henry I.,
again banished,
his return, death and character,
Ansgard, Alderman, his conference with William the Conqueror,
Antioch, siege of,
in the first crusade,
Apulia, the Normans in,
Aquitaine, acquired by Henry II's marriage with Eleanor,
account of the duchy of,
Arnulf, Count of Flanders,
the foe of William Longsword,
makes war against Richard the Fearless,
Richard's generosity to him,
Arques, Count d', his conspiracy against William the Conqueror,
Arthur, King: history of his round table at Winchester,
Arthur of Brittany,
the joy at his birth,
Richard I. acknowledges him heir,
his residence at the court of Philippe Auguste,
at the siege of Mirabeau,
taken prisoner by King John,
the parley between them,
John's attempted cruelty,
his murder by John,
avenged by Philippe Auguste,
Artois, Robert, Comte d',
joins the crusade of Louis IX.,
insults Longespee,
his impetuous character,
killed at Mansourah,
Ascalon, the crusaders at,
Atheling, _vide_ Etheling.
Augustine, his dispute with the Welsh Church,
Auvergne, Guy of,
his cruel treatment and death,
Avignon, the papal court removed to,
Ayr, story of the barns of,

Bacon, Roger, account of,
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury,
Baldwin, Count of Flanders,
William the Conqueror's overtures to,
Baldwin I. king of Jerusalem,
Baldwin II. king of Jerusalem,
Balliol, John, lays claim to the crown of Scotland,
declared king,
treated as a vassal by Edward I.,
humiliation of,
and subsequent career,
Bangor, slaughter of the monks of,
Bannockburn, battle of,
its results,
Bards, the, account of,
Barons, the, assembly of,
to adopt the charter,
their revolt,
their meeting with King John at Runnymede,
their war with King John,
offer the crown to Louis the Lion,
their demands at the Parliament of Westminster,
the meeting of, in the Mad Parliament,
their dispute with Henry III. referred to Louis IX.,
refuse Louis IX.'s decision,
their war with the king,
their discontent with Montfort,
their proceedings against Gaveston,
against the Despensers,
Batalha in Portugal, account of the Abbey of,
Battle Abbey,
history of,
the roll of,
unsatisfactory compared with Domesday Book,
Bayeux tapestry, description of the,
Bec, Lanfranc abbot of,
Anselm there,
Beck, Anthony, Bishop of Durham,
Edward I.'s envoy to Balliol,
Edward I.'s message to,
Becket, Gilbert a, legend of,
Becket, Thomas a, birth of,
his character and splendor,
appointed Archbishop of Canterbury,
his humility,
his quarrel with Henry II.
on the privileges of the clergy,
his reluctant consent to the Constitutions of Clarendon,
the King's sentence against him,
his acts at the Council of Northampton,
his flight to the Continent,
supported by the Pope, &c.,
retires to Pontigny,
conference with King Henry II. at Montmirail,
at Montmartre,
the King's submission,
his return to Canterbury,
events of his martyrdom,
fate of his murderers,
his canonization,
general honor paid to him,
pilgrimages to his shrine,
its spoliation by Henry VIII,
summary of his character,
Benefit of clergy, meaning of,
Berengaria, Richard I.'s attachment to,
their marriage,
her death,
Bernard, Count of Harcourt,
the friend of William Longsword,
his support of Richard the Fearless,
Bertrade, marries Foulques IV. of Anjou,
leaves him for Philippe I.,
Bertram de Born, the troubadour,
laments Queen Eleanor's imprisonment,
affronted by Richard I.,
his interview with Henry II.,
his laments for Richard I.,
his death,
Dante's mention of him in the "Inferno,"
Berwick, Edward I.'s cruelty at,
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, his answers to Henry III.,
his opposition to the exactions of Edward I.,
Binning, his capture at Linlithgow,
Bishops, dispute between King and Pope respecting the election of,
Blanche of Castile, her marriage to Louis the Lion,
death of,
Blondel, discovers Richard I. in captivity,
Blondeville, Ranulf de, his marriage to Constance of Brittany,
Boemond, joins the first crusade,
his conduct at the siege of Antioch,
Bohun, Humphrey, Earl of Hereford, his opposition to Edward I.,
his success and high character,
Bohun, Sir H., his encounter with King Robert Bruce,
Boniface VIII., Pope, opposes Edward I.'s exactions on the clergy,
death of,
Border warfare with the Scots,
Bosham, Herbert de, the friend of Archbishop Becket,
Brand, Abbot of Peterborough,
confers knighthood on Hereward,
Braose, William de, King John's cruelties to,
Bretons, their joy at the birth of Prince Arthur,
their enmity to Richard I.,
Brien Boru, King of Ireland,
Brihtric Meau, Queen Matilda's love for,
her vengeance on his disdain,
Brito, William, murderer of Becket,
his armorial bearings,
Britons, the, after the departure of the Romans,
Bruce, the line of, history of,
troubles of Scotland under,
Bruce, Edward, besieges Stirling Castle,
commands a division at Bannockburn,
his invasion of Ireland,
death,
Bruce, Robert, lays claim to the crown of Scotland,
Bruce, Robert, the younger, joins Wallace,
lives in allegiance to Edward I.,
Bruce, Robert III., vacillation of his early conduct,
his murder of the Red Comyn;
revolts against Edward I.;
coronation at Scone;
his excommunication;
his disaster at Methven;
wanderings, and adventures;
escape from the Lorns;
defeats Aymer de Valence;
his progress in the recovery of Scotland;
his preparations to meet Edward II.;
encounter with Sir Henry Bohun;
his victory at Bannockburn;
his invasion of Ireland;
inroads upon England;
recognised by the Pope;
his right to the throne acknowledged by England;
his dying injunctions and death;
fate of his heart.
Bruce, William, resigns the charge of Prince Arthur.
Bungay, Friar, the associate of Friar Bacon.
Burgh, Hubert de, governor of Prince Arthur;
taken prisoner by the French;
his defence of Dover;
defeats the French fleet;
his care of the minority of Henry III.;
machinations against him;
his imprisonment and escape;
subsequent history.
Burnel, Robert, Bishop, Edward I.'s chancellor.
Bury St. Edmund's, assembly of the Barons at.

Cadwallader, the last of the Pendragons.
Caen, the two abbeys founded at,
by William the Conqueror and Matilda;
Abbaye aux Dames at,
William the Conqueror's eldest daughter becomes Abbess of;
William the Conqueror buried at.
Camp of refuge established in the Isle of Ely;
the principal fugitives there;
attacks on, by William the Conqueror;
betrayed by the monks of Ely;
cruelty to the captives taken there.
Canterbury and York, jealousy between.
Canterbury Cathedral, murder of Becket at;
Henry II. does penance in;
Becket's shrine at.
Capet, Hugh, succeeds to the throne of France;
supported by Richard the Fearless;
importance of his recognition.
Cardinals, the, choice of the Pope vested in.
Carthage, Louis IX.'s camp at;
his sickness and death there.
Cecily, William the Conqueror's eldest daughter, becomes Abbess of Caen.
Chalons, Count de, his treachery to Edward I.
Charlemagne, receives the crown of the Holy Roman Empire;
degeneracy of his descendants;
overcome by the Northmen;
the race of, retire to Lorraine.
Charles Martel, exploits of.
Charles the Simple, King of France;
his contests with Rollo;
cedes Neustria to him;
Rollo marries his daughter.
Charles IV., his conduct in Queen Isabel's quarrel with Edward II.
Charter, the Great, adopted by the Barons;
King John promises to grant it;
his prevarication;
its enactments;
signed by John;
annulled by Pope Innocent III.;
the war of the Barons to obtain it;
Henry III. made to agree to it;
end of the wars about it;
its acceptance by Henry III.;
renewal of, by the Barons, under Edward I.
Chateau Gaillard, the siege of.
Christina, daughter of Edward Etheling;
retires to a convent;
becomes Abbess of Wilton.
Christianity, conversion of the early French kings to;
acceptance of, by the Vikings.
Church and State, struggles between, in the eleventh century;
theory of;
adjustment of the disputes between; further disputes.
Church building in the early Norman days.
Church patronage, quarrel of the Barons with Innocent IV. respecting.
Clapham, derivation of its name.
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester, knighted by Montfort;
secedes from the Barons;
joins the last crusade;
married to Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I.;
death of.
Clarendon, the Council and Constitutions of.
Clement V., Pope, character of;
excommunicates Bruce;
gives absolution to Gaveston;
elected Pope by the influence of Philippe IV.;
gives up the Knights Templars to him;
abolishes the Templars;
his death.
Clergy, the privileges of, Henry II.'s opposition to;
Becket's support of.
Clermont, council of, Peter the Hermit at.
Coinage, the, Edward I.'s laws upon.
Comyn, Earl of Durham, murder of, by the townsmen.
Comyn the Red, his treachery to Robert Bruce;
murdered by Bruce.
Conge d'elire, origin of.
Conrad, King of Burgundy, makes war upon Richard the Fearless.
Conrade of Montferrat, his enmity to Richard I.;
made King of Jerusalem;
his assassination.
Constance, daughter of William the Conqueror, account of.
Constance of Brittany, her marriage with Geoffrey Plantagenet;
has the care of Prince Arthur;
her second marriage;
is seized and imprisoned;
her death.
Constantinople, Robert the Magnificent at,
Harold Hardrada's adventures there,
Cordova, Emir of, King John's embassy to,
Cressingham, Hugh, chancellor to Edward I.,
his expedition against Wallace,
killed at the battle of Stirling,
Crusades, the, remarks upon,
the first led by Peter the Hermit,
its disastrous end,
followed by Godfrey de Bouillon and others,
account of,
the third account of,
the last history of,
the great abuse of them,
Curfew bell, origin of,
Cymry, the, original tribe of the Kelts,
Cyprus, conquest of, by Richard Coeur de Lion,
Damietta, the crusaders at,
Danish conquest of England, effects of,
David, Earl of Huntingdon,
joins the third crusade,
his adventures on his return home,
David I. King of Scotland,
a visitor of Henry I.,
swears fealty to Maude,
his character,
invades England in favor of Maude,
defeated at the battle of the Standard,
his sorrows and death,
De Courcy, Sir John, made governor of Ireland,
his government there,
made Earl of Ulster,
treachery against him,
his imprisonment,
undertakes the championship of England,
privilege granted to him and his descendants,
Despensers, the, favorites of Edward II.,
the Barons procure their banishment,
their return,
the King's bounty to them,
their capture and execution,
Des Roches, Guillaume, King John's promise to,
respecting Prince Arthur,
his remorse at the King's treachery,
Des Roches, Peter, Bishop of Winchester,
refuses to acknowledge the interdict,
justiciary under Henry III.,
his intrigue against Hubert de Burgh,
causes the death of the Earl of Pembroke,
his dismissal and death,
Divine service, decrees for,
at the Synod of Mertoun,
Domesday book, account of,
Donald Bane seizes the crown of Scotland,
Douglas Castle, contests in its recovery and defence,
Douglas, Sir James, his first meeting with Bruce, 391;
his constant adherence,
recovers his castle from the English,
his capture of Roxburgh Castle,
chivalrous conduct to Randolph,
his exploits on the Border,
Bruce's dying injunction to,
carries Bruce's heart to Spain,
his death there,
Dover besieged by Louis the Lion,
the siege raised,
battle of,
Dublin University, foundation of,
Dunbar, battle of,

Earl, derivation of title of,
from the Danes,
Edgar Atheling, son of Edward the Stranger,
William the Conqueror's friendship for,
account of him,
proclaimed King of England,
William the Conqueror's conduct to,
efforts of Malcolm III. in his favor,
renounces his claim to the crown of England,
his subsequent career,
his death and character,
Edgar of Scotland restored to the throne,
Edinburgh Castle captured from the English,
Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor,
character of,
Edith of the Swan neck finds the body of Harold,
Edith, daughter of Margaret of Scotland, marries Henry I.,
changes her name to Matilda or Maude,
See Maude.
Ediva, mother of Hereward,
Edmund Ironside, his two sons,
Edward the Confessor, son of Ethelred the Unready,
his gentle nurture in Normandy,
comes to his brother's court in England,
his character, &c.,
why called the Confessor,
instance of his gentleness,
his Norman propensities,
visited by Duke William of Normandy,
founds Westminster Abbey,
death and burial there,
his desire to leave his crown to William of Normandy,
conversation with Harold on his death-bed,
William the Conqueror's friendship for,
Henry III.'s devotion to,
translation of his remains,
Edward I., his marriage to Eleanor of Castile,
his character,
his conduct in taking the oath to the acts of Oxford,
his robbery of the Templars,
conduct at the siege of Northampton and the battle of Lees,
delivers himself up to the Barons,
his escape from Herford,
rescues his father at the battle of Evesham,
joins Louis IX. in the last Crusade,
his embarkation,
arrives at Acre,
attempted assassination there,
returns to England,
his tomb in Westminster Abbey,
Coronation of,
his treatment of the Jews
his laws,
parliaments,
prosperity of the kingdom in the early part of his reign,
respect shown him on the continent,
account of his daughters,
deterioration of his character in his later years,
death of his Queen Eleanor;
claims to be Lord paramount of Scotland;
the claim acknowledged;
invades Scotland;
deposes Balliol and gets himself acknowledged King;
his rage against Wallace;
wins the battle of Falkirk;
cruelty to Wallace;
duped by Philippe IV.;
is distressed for funds;
seizure of ecclesiastical property;
imposes the "evil toll,";
marriage with Margaret of France;
grants the right of taxation to his subjects;
his vengeance on Abp. Winchelsea;
rage at Bruce's revolt;
his vow against the Scots;
arrives at Carlisle;
cruelty to Bruce's brothers;
his last injunctions and death;
his dread of Gaveston's influence over his son.
Edward II., appointed regent in his father's absence;
ceremony of his knighthood;
his appearance and character;
influence of friends over him;
his inordinate attachment to Piers Gaveston;
neglects his father's injunctions respecting Scotland;
his marriage to Isabel of France;
the nobles demand Gaveston's dismissal;
his coronation;
disputes with his nobles respecting Gaveston;
his expedition against Bruce;
his defeat at Bannockburn;
his attachment to the Despensers;
discontent of his subjects;
his queen's complaints against him;
her invasion of England;
his wanderings and capture;
deposition;
captivity and ill-treatment;
his murder in Berkeley Castle;
his monument in Gloucester Cathedral.
Edward III., his march to the Border;
account of his warfare there;
his narrow escape from Douglas;
causes Mortimer's arrest and execution;
his respectful conduct to Queen Isabel.
Edward the Atheling, his infant son Edgar;
his daughters;
Edward, son of Edmund Ironside;
his marriage;
owned as Etheling.
Edwin, grandson of Earl Leofric;
enemy of Harold;
submits to the conqueror;
and is betrothed to his daughter Matilda;
joins the Camp of Refuge;
is killed in combat.
Eghelemar, Bp. of Elmham.
Eghelsie, Bp. of Selsey.
Eghelwin. Bp. of Durham, joins the Camp of Refuge;
dies in captivity.
Egypt, crusade in, under William Longespee the Elder;
under Louis IX..
Eleanor of Aquitaine, married to Henry II.;
evils resulting from this;
not the murderess of Fair Rosamond;
kept in captivity by her husband;
her dislike to Constance of Brittany;
beseiged at Mirabeau by Prince Arthur;
intercedes for Prince Arthur;
dies of grief at Fontevraud.
Eleanor of Castille, married to Edward I.;
accompanies him to the Holy Land;
sucks the poison from his wounds;
her death;
the crosses erected to her memory.
Eleanor of Provence, married to Henry III.;
vituperative ballads made on her;
her unpopularity;
her spirited conduct in the Barons' war.
Elgiva, William the Conqueror's daughter, representation of,
in the Bayeaux tapestry.
Ely, Isle of, the Camp of Refuge established there.
Emma, daughter of the Count of Paris,
betrothed to Richard the Fearless.
Emma, daughter of Richard the Fearless,
wife of Ethelred the Unready and Knut;
invites her sons to claim the throne of England.
Emperors of the West, their influence on the election of Popes;
deprived of this by the Lateran Council;
their struggle to regain it.
England, effects of the Danish conquest upon;
sad state of,
under William Rufus;
granted to France by Pope Innocent III.;
a fief of Rome;
the laws of,
adhered to by the Norman kings;
ignored by Henry II.,
prosperity of,
in the early part of Edward the First's reign;
increase of learning in;
discontented state of,
under Edward II..
Ermengarde, mother of St. Anselm.
Espriota, wife of William Longsword.
Estates, inquisition into,
by Edward I..
Etheling, account of the family of;
meaning of the term.
Ethelred the Unready, husband of Emma, daughter of
Richard the Fearless;
father of Edward the Confessor.
Eustace, Count de Mantes,
events of his visit to Edward the Confessor.
Eustace de Blois, son of Stephen;
his excesses and death.
Evesham, battle of.
Evil Toll, the, imposed by Edward I.;
opposition to, by the barons;
results in the right of self-taxation.
Exchequer, supposed derivation of.
Eystein, son of Magnus, King of Norway;
his discussion with his brother Sigurd;
his conduct as King of Norway.