More Letters of Charles Darwin Volume II

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Naturalisation, of European plants.
-of plants in India.
-of plants in islands.

Naturalised plants, Bentham on.
-comparison of variability of indigenous and.
-De Candolle on.
-variability of.
-fewness of American species of, in Britain.

"Naturalist in Nicaragua," Belt's.
-Belt's account of honey-glands of plants in.

"Naturalist on the Amazons," Bates'.
-Darwin's opinion of.

Naturalists, views on species held by.
-few care for philosophical experiments

Nature, Wallace on personification of.
-use of term.

"Nature not lying," principle of.

"Nature," Darwin's opinion of.
-letters or notes from Darwin in.
-Galton in.
-F. Muller in.
-Thiselton-Dyer in.

Naudin, C., on hybridism.
-on Melastomaceae.

Nauplius stages.

Nautilus, of Silurian age.

Necrophorus, Darwin's observations on.

Nectar, in leguminous flowers.
-Lord Farrer on secretion of, in Coronilla.

Nectaries, Belt on extra-floral.

Nectarines and peaches.
-Rivers on production from seed.
-variation in.

Negative geological evidence, Darwin and Lyell on.

Negro, resemblance between expression of Cebus and.

Nelumbium, as example of transport.

Neottia nidus-avis, fertilisation mechanism.
-pollen-tubes of.

Nepenthes, Hooker's work on.
-Thiselton-Dyer on.

Neptunia.

Nervous system, genesis of.
-influence on nutrition.

Nests, Wallace's theory, of.
-colour in relation to.
-instinct in making.

Neumann, on Catasetum.

Neumayr, Melchior (1845-90): passed his early life at Stuttgart, and
entered the University of Munich in 1863 with the object of studying law,
but he soon gave up legal studies for Geology and Palaeontology. In 1873
he was recalled from Heidelberg, where he held a post as Privatdocent, to
occupy the newly created Chair of Palaeontology in Vienna. Dr. Neumayr was
a successful and popular writer, as well as "one of the best and most
scientific palaeontologists"; he was an enthusiastic supporter of Darwin's
views, and he devoted himself "to tracing through the life of former times
the same law of evolution as Darwin inferred from that of the existing
world." (See Obit. Notice, by Dr. W.T. Blanford, "Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc." Volume XLVI., page 54, 1890.)
-essay on descent theory.
-services to geology.
-"Die Stamme des Thierreichs."

Nevill, Lady Dorothy.

New Zealand, absence of leguminosae opposed to continental extension of.
-British plants in.
-clover never seeded before introduction of bees.
-comparison between flora of Tasmania and.
-elevation of mountains in.
-flora of.
-flora of Australia and.
-Flora of Raoul Island and.
-Hooker on flora of.
-Darwin's opinion of Hooker's "Flora."
-former connection of islands.
-former extension of.
-naturalised plants.
-peopling of mountains by plants.
-proportion of annuals.
-species of plants common to America, Chili and.
-stocked from Antarctic land.
-colonising of.
-glacial action in.
-mountain-rat of.
-trees of.

Newton, Prof. A., note on Strickland by.
-description of partridge as agent in dispersal of seeds.

Newton's law of gravity.

Niagara, Darwin on Lyell's work on.

Nightingale, Gould on the.

Noises, observations on children's.

Nolana prostrata, Darwin's experiments on.

Nomenclature, discussion on.

"North British Review," Fleeming Jenkin's review in.
-Tait in.

Norton, Professor Charles Elliot: of Harvard, the son of the late Dr.
Andrews Norton, Professor of Theology in the Harvard Divinity School.
-visits Down.

Norway, Von Buch's travels in.
-Blytt on flora of.

Norwich, Berkeley's address at British Association (1868) meeting at.
-Hooker's address.

Nottingham, British Association meeting (1866) at.
-Hooker's lecture on insular floras at.

Notylia, F. Muller on.

Nucula, a persistent type.

Nuneham, Darwin's recollection of trip to.

Nutrition, influence of mind on.

Nyctitropic movements, see Sleep-movements.

Observation, spirit of astronomers in.
-harder work than generalisation.
-pleasure of.

Observations, not to be trusted without repetition.

Observer, a good theoriser makes a good.

Oceanic islands, difference in floras and means of stocking.
-connection between continents and.
-former extension of.
-Reade on.
-volcanic nature of.

Oceans, age and depth of.
-permanence of.
-as sinking areas.

Ogle, W., on the sense of smell.
-letter to.
-translation of book by Kerner.

Ogleby, reference to his nomenclature scheme.

Oken, on Lepas.
-Owen on.

Old characters, reappearance of.

Oldenburgia.

Oldenlandia.

Olfers.

Oliver, D., Darwin indebted to for information.
-letters to.
-mentioned.

Olyra, sleep-movements of.

Omori, Morse on shell-mounds of.

Oncidium, J. Scott's work on.
-structure of labellum.
-O. flexuosum, observations by Muller and Scott on.
-self-sterility of.
-O. sphacelatum, Scott on fertilisation of.

Ophrys.
-O. apifera, fertilisation-mechanism.
-self-fertilisation of.
-O. arachnites, fertilisation of.
-habitat.
-O. aranifera.
-O. morio, fertilisation of.
-O. muscifera, Lord Farrer's observations on.
-O. scolopax.

Opossums.

Oppel, service to geology.
-mentioned.

Opuntia, Henslow describes new species from Galapagos.

Orang-utang, Rolleston on brain of.
-Wallace on.

Orange trees, grafting of.

d'Orbigny, on geology of S. America.
-theory of formation of Pampas mud.
-"Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale.
-mentioned.

Orchids, adaptation in.
-Darwin's work on.
-Darwin's view that seedlings are parasitic on Cryptogams.
-Falconer's estimate of Darwin's work on.
-few species in humid temperate regions.
-flourish in cool temperate regions.
-illustrate diversity of means to same end.
-monstrous.
-quoted as argument against species arising from monstrosities.
-utility and.
-fertilisation mechanisms of.
-Brazilian.
-Darwin decides to publish his work in book-form.
-Darwin sends copy of his book to F. Muller.
-Darwin underrates power of producing seeds without insects.
-French translation of Darwin's book.
-germinative power of pollen.
-Hildebrand's paper on.
-Nectar not excreted in some English.
-and nectar secretion.
-formation of ovule after pollination.
-Scott points out error in Darwin's work.
-Scott on pollen-tubes of.
-Scott on self-sterility.
-self-fertilisation in.
-setting of seed in unopened flower.
-sterility of.
-course of vessels in flowers.
-wonderful contrivances intelligible.

Orchis, flowers of.
-nectaries of.
-pollinia of.

Orchis (Bee) (see also Ophrys apifera), Darwin's experiments on.
-O. pyramidalis, fertilisation mechanism.
-O. ustulata.

Order of Nature.

Ordination.

Organ mountains, Darwin on plants of.
-glacial action on.

Organisms, simultaneous change in.
-amount of change in fresh water and marine.

Organs, transition of
-use of.

"Origin of the Fittest," Cope's.

"Origin of Genera," Cope's work on.

Origin of life.

"Origin of Species," acceptance of doctrine of Evolution due to the.
-Darwin's belief in the permanence of the framework of the.
-Darwin's opinion of his book.
-Dawson's review of.
-direct action underestimated in the.
-editions of the.
-errors in.
-Falconer's estimate of.
-Huxley's Cambridge speech, and reference to the.
-Huxley's lecture on coming of age of.
-Huxley's review of.
-Lesquereux's articles in "Silliman" against the.
-publication of the Abstract of.
-publication by Murray of.
-sale of the.
-Seemann on the.
-translation of.
-Wallace's criticism of.
-Walsh on the.
-Darwin on necessity for modifications in the.
-review by Fleeming Jenkin.
-review by A. Murray.
-Owen's criticism of Darwin's Historical Sketch in 4th edition of.
-Owen's review of.
-study of natural history revolutionised by the.
-valueless criticism on.

Origin of species, Darwin's early views on.
-Darwin's views on.
-Falconer antagonistic to Darwin's views on.
-Oxford discussion (British Association, 1860) on the.
-spread of Darwin's views in America.

Origin of species and genera, Wallace in the "Nineteenth Century" on.

Original work, time taken up by, at expense of reading.

Ormerod's Index to the Geological Society's Journal.

Ornithorhynchus, aberrant nature of.
-preservation of.

Orthoptera, auditory organs of.

Oscillariae, abundance in the ocean.

Oscillataria.

Oscillation of land, Darwin's views on.

Os coccyx, as rudimentary organ.

Ostrea.

Ostrich, modification of wings.

Outliers, plants as.

"Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy," Fiske's.

Ovary, abnormal structure in orchid.

Owen, Sir Richard (1804-92): was born at Lancaster, and educated at the
local Grammar School, where one of his schoolfellows was William Whewell,
afterwards Master of Trinity. He was subsequently apprenticed to a surgeon
and apothecary, and became deeply interested in the study of anatomy. He
continued his medical training in Edinburgh and at St. Bartholomew's
Hospital in London. In 1827 Owen became assistant to William Clift (whose
daughter Owen married in 1835), Conservator to the Hunterian Museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons. It was here that he became acquainted with
Cuvier, at whose invitation he visited Paris, and attended his lectures and
those of Geoffroy St. Hilaire. The publication, in 1832, of the "Memoir on
the Pearly Nautilus" placed the author "in the front rank of anatomical
monographers." On Clift's retirement, Owen became sole Conservator to the
Hunterian Museum, and was made first Hunterian Professor of Comparative
Anatomy and Physiology at the Royal College of Surgeons. In 1856 he
accepted the post of Superintendent of the Natural History department of
the British Museum, and shortly after his appointment he strongly urged the
establishment of a National Museum of Natural History, a project which was
eventually carried into effect in 1875. In 1884 he was gazetted K.C.B.
Owen was a strong opponent of Darwin's views, and contributed a bitter and
anonymous article on the "Origin of Species" to the "Edinburgh Review" of
1860. The position of Owen in the history of anatomical science has been
dealt with by Huxley in an essay incorporated in the "Life of Richard
Owen," by his grandson, the Rev. Richard Owen (2 volumes, London, 1894).
Huxley pays a high tribute to Owen's industry and ability: "During more
than half a century Owen's industry remained unabated; and whether we
consider the quality or the quantity of the work done, or the wide range of
his labours, I doubt if, in the long annals of anatomy, more is to be
placed to the credit of any single worker." The record of his work is
"enough, and more than enough, to justify the high place in the scientific
world which Owen so long occupied. If I mistake not, the historian of
comparative anatomy and palaeontology will always assign to Owen a place
next to, and hardly lower than, that of Cuvier, who was practically the
creator of those sciences in their modern shape, and whose works must
always remain models of excellence in their kind." On the other hand,
Owen's contributions to philosophical anatomy are on a much lower plane;
hardly any of his speculations in this field have stood the test of
investigation: "...I am not sure that any one but the historian of
anatomical science is ever likely to recur to them, and considering Owen's
great capacity, extensive learning, and tireless industry, that seems a
singular result of years of strenuous labour."
-address at Leeds (British Association, 1858) by.
-admission of descent of species.
-articles by.
-on a badger of Pliocene age.
-on the brain.
-Mrs. Carlyle's impression of.
-and Hooker.
-conduct towards Huxley.
-Darwin abused by.
-on Darwin and Maillet.
-and Darwinism.
-on ephemeral influence of the "Origin."
-Falconer and.
-Huxley on.
-on Huxley's election to the Athenaeum.
-ignores Darwin's work.
-influence of.
-isolation among scientific men.
-lecture on birds by.
-letters to.
-letter to the "Athenaeum."
-"Life of."
-on lowness of animals.
-on Macacus.
-on mammals of Old World.
-on morphology of vertebrata.
-review in the "Quarterly" of the "Origin."
-"Palaeontology" by.
-on parthenogenesis.
-review in the "Edinburgh Review" by.
-on simple and multiple organs.
-on use and disuse.
-and Bishop Wilberforce's review.
-visits Down.
-attack on Darwin in his "Anatomy of Vertebrata."
-attitude towards Natural Selection.
-mentioned.

Owls and hawks, as agents in seed-dispersal.

Oxalis, bulbils of.
-cleistogamic flowers of.
-dimorphism of.
-pollen-tubes of.
-seeds of.
-trimorphism of.
-O. acetosella, sensitive leaves of.
-variation in length of pistil and stamens.
-O. sensitiva, Darwin's work on.
-O. corniculata, variation of.

Oxford, meeting of the British Association at (1847).
-Tuckwell's reminiscences of.

Oxlips, Darwin's experiment on cowslips, primroses, and.
-Darwin on hybrid character of.
-scarcity of.

Oxyspora paniculata, Wallich on.

Pachira, inequality of cotyledons.
-P. aquatica.

Pacific Ocean, Darwin wishes Hooker to investigate floras of.
-islands of the.
-coral reefs of.

Packard's "Lamarck the Founder of Evolution."

Paget, Sir J., on regeneration.
-address on elemental pathology.
-illness of.
-on influence of mind on nutrition.
-"Lectures on Surgical Pathology."
-letters to.
-mentioned.

Pairing, in birds.
-vigour of birds and effect on time of.

Palaeolithic flints, in gravels near Southampton.

Palaeontology, rapid progress of.

Palaeozoic period.

Paley, idea of interference of Creator in construction of each species
due to.

"Pall Mall," article on "Dr. Hooker on Religion and Science" in.
-letter to editor of.

Pallas, Darwin's conviction of truth of doctrine of.
-doctrine of.
-on hybrids and fertility.

Palm, Malayan climbing.

Palm, L.H., work on climbing plants by.

Palma, crater of.

Pampas, geology of the.
-formation of.
-Lyell on Mississippi beds and.
-D'Orbigny's theory of formation of.
-thistle of the.

Pangenesis, adverse opinion on.
-Bentham on.
-Berkeley on.
-bud-propagation and.
-Darwin on.
-Darwin's suggestion as to term.
-difference between Galton's theory of heredity and.
-evidence from hybridisation in favour of.
-Hooker on.
-Huxley's views on.
-Jager on.
-Lyell on.
-and molecular hypothesis of Hackel.
-Ranyard on.
-Romanes on.
-self-fertilisation and.
-Wallace on.
-the idea a relief to Darwin as connecting facts.
-F. Muller and.
-bearing on regeneration.
-"will turn out true some day."
-mentioned.

Panmixia.

Panniculus carnosus in man.

Papilio Memnon, Wallace on.
-P. nireus, Mrs. Barber on.
-P. pammon, Wallace on.

Papilionaceaous flowers, absence in New Zealand.
-and hermaphroditism.

Papilionidae, Wallace on Malayan.

Paraheliotropism, Muller's observations on.
-in Phyllanthus.

Parallel Roads of Glen Roy (see Glen Roy).

Parana, Darwin finds Mastodon at.

Pararge, breeding in confinement.

Parasites, and degeneration.
-extermination of game by.
-bloom as protection against.
-and galls.

Parietaria, explosive stamens of.

Parrots, as agents in seed-dispersal.

Parsimony, Hamilton's law of.

Parthenogenesis, Darwin on.
-Owen's Hunterian lecture on.
-in Primula.
-J. Scott's work on.

Partridges, as agents of seed-dispersal.
-rudimentary spurs on legs of.

Parus caeruleus, protective colouring of.

Passiflora, bloom experiments on.
-Lord Farrer's work on.
-position of flowers of.
-Muller assists Lord Farrer in work on.
-Scott's work on.
-self-sterility of.
-Sprengel on.
-visited by humming-birds.
-P. gracilis, dispersal of seeds.
-P. princeps, adapted to humming birds.

Patagonia, L. Agassiz on elevation of.
-Darwin on geology of.
-gigantic land-sloth of.
-Admiral Sulivan on.

Pathology, Paget's lectures on.

Pattison, Mark.

Pavo nigripennis.

Payne, on effect of rain on plants.
-observations by.

Peaches, bud-variation in.
-raised from seed.

Peacock, evolution and Sexual Selection of.
-experiments on cutting tail of male.
-muscles of tail of.

Pearson, H.H.W., on the botany of Ceylon patanas.

Peas, course of vessels in ovary of sweet-.
-crossing in.
-fertilisation of.
-waxy secretion in.

Pecten, P. latissimus.

Pelargonium, peloric.
-Beaton on.
-Darwin's experiments on.
-flowers of.
-P. multiflora alba, Darwin's experiments on crossing.

Pelobius, Darwin on.

Peloria, effect of pollen on regular flowers.
-Darwin suggests experiments on.
-Masters on.
-in Pelargonium.
-inheritance of.

Peneus, F. Muller on.

Pentateuch, N. Lewy on.

Periodicals, Darwin's opinion of scientific.
-foreign compared with English.

Peripatus, Moseley's work on.

Peristylus viridis, Lord Farrer's observations on.

Permanence of ocean basins.

Permian period, glacial action during.
-freshwater beds in India.

"Personal Narrative," Humboldt's.

Peru, anarchy in.
-Darwin on terraces in.
-D. Forbes on geology of.

Peuquenes Pass, Darwin visits.

Pfeffer, Prof., on chemotaxis.
-considers Wiesner wrong in some of his interpretations.
-on Drosera.
-"Periodische Bewegungen."

Pfitzer, on classification of orchids.

Pfluger.

Phalaenopsis.

Phanerogams, comparison with one class of animals rather than with one
kingdom.

Phaseoli, crossing in.

Phaseolus vulgaris, sleep-movements of.

Pheasants, display of colour by golden.
-Hewitt on hybrids of.
-hybrids between fowls and.
-protective colouring.

Phillips, J., defines species.
-evolutionary views.
-"Life on the Earth."
-mentioned.

Phillips-Jodrell, T.T., founder of Jodrell Laboratory at Kew.

Philosophical Club.

Philosophical experiments, few naturalists care for.

Philosophising, means and laws of.

Phlox, Darwin's observations on flowers of.
-heterostylism of.
-P. Drummondii.
-P. subulata.

Phyllanthus, F. Muller's paper in "Kosmos" on.
-sleep-movements of.
-P. Niruri, sleep-movements of.

Phryma, de Candolle on.
-occurrence in N. America.

Phyllotaxis, Darwin and Falconer on.

Physical conditions, effect of.

"Physical Geography," Herschel's.

Physicists, disagree as to rate of cooling of earth's crust.

"Physiological Aesthetics," Grant Allen's.

Physiological germs.

Physiological selection, Romanes'.

Physiological species, Huxley's term.

Physiological units, Herbert Spencer's.

Physiological variations.

"Physiology," Huxley's "Elementary Lessons in."
-Darwin on difficulty of.
-Darwin's want of knowledge of.
-Darwin's work on plant-.
-England behind in vegetable.
-small knowledge of ordinary doctors of.
-and vivisection.

Phytophagic varieties, Walsh on.

Phytophthora, potatoes and.

"Pickwick," quotation from.

Pictet, on the succession of forms.
-mentioned.

Pictet and Humbert, on fossil fishes of Lebanon.

Pieris, breeding in confinement.
-colour the result of mimicry.
-protective colouring.
-P. napi.
-Weismann on.

Pigeons, breeding of.
-drawings of.
-experiments on crossing.
-experiments bearing on direct action.
-production of varieties.
-reduction of wings.
-and sterility.
-Tegetmeier's work on.
-Wallace on Malayan.
-Darwin's work on.
-experiments in painting.
-Flourens' experiments on.
-gay deceiver.
-pairing for whole life.
(Barbs.)
(Carriers.)
(Fantails.)
(Laugher.)
(Pouters.)
(Rock.)
(Runts.)
(Tumblers.)

Pigs, crossing of.

"Pikermi," Gaudry's "Animaux fossiles de."

Pinguicula, Darwin's observations on.

Pistyll Rhiadr.

Pisum, cross-fertilisation of.
-P. sativum, visited by Bombus.

Pithecoid man, Huxley's term.

Pithecus, Owen on Homo and.

Placentata.

Plagiaulax, Falconer on.

Planaria.

Planorbis, Hyatt on genesis of species of.
-P. multiformis, graduated forms of.

Plantago, Ludwig's observations on.
-Darwin on.

Plants, change in animals compared with change in.
-comparison between high and low as regards resistance to injurious
conditions.
-contractility of.
-difference between animals and.
-distribution of.
-fossil.
-of Madeira.
-morphological characters.
-resemblance to animals.
-Saporta's work on fossil.
-small proportion preserved as fossils.
-splendid for helping belief in Natural Selection.
-thorns in.
-wide range as compared with animals.
-Darwin's interest in movements of.
-Darwin on physiology of.
-disease in.
-effect of stimuli on.

Plas Edwards.

Plasmodiophora, action on cruciferous roots.

Platanthera, H. Muller on.

Plato, comparison between plants and man in his "Timaeus."

Platysma myoides, contraction during terror.
-Darwin's error concerning.

Playfair, Lord.

Pleistocene Antarctic land, plants derived from.

Pliocene, Falconer on mammal from the.

Plovers, protective colouring of.

Plumage, immature and adult.

Plumbago, Darwin's experiments on.
-said to be dimorphic.

Podostemaceae, fertilisation of.

Poisons, natives of Australia injured by vegetable.
-absorption by roots of.
-effect of injection into plants.

Polar bear, modification of.

Polar ice-cap, Darwin on the.

Polarity, E. Forbes' theory of.

Pollen, direct action of.
-experiments on.
-time of maturity in Eucalyptus and Mimosa.
-mechanism for distribution in Martha.
-Miyoshi's experiments on tubes of.

Polyanthus, crossing in.

Polyborus Novae Zelandiae, in Falkland Islands.

Polydactylism, and inheritance.

Polyembryony, in Coffea and Pachira.

Polygala.
-P. vulgaris, variation of.

Polygamy, in birds.
-in Machetes.

Polygonum, germination of seeds found in sandpit.

Polymorphism, Darwin and Hooker on.
-Wallace on.

Polytypic genera, variation of.

Pontederia, heterostylism of.

Pontodrilus, Lankester on.

Poplar, Heer on fossil species.

Popper, J., letter to.

Poppig, on civilisation and savagery.

Poppy (corn-), indigenous in Sicily.

Porpoises, Flower on.
-freshwater.
-Murray on.

Portillo Pass.

Porto-Santo, land-snails of.
-plants of.

Positivism, Huxley's article in "Fortnightly Review" on.

Posoqueria, F. Muller's paper on.

Potatoes, crossing experiments.
-cultivated and wild.
-disease of.
-experiments suggested.
-graft-hybrids.
-sterility and variability in.
-Torbitt's experiments on.
-Traill's experiments.
-varieties of.
-Darwin's work on varieties of.
-Hildebrand's experiments on.

Poulton, Prof., on Prichard as an evolutionist.
-"Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection."

Poultry, skulls of.
-Tegetmeier's book on.
-experiments on colour and sexual selection.

Powell, Prof. Baden.

"Power of Movement in Plants," Darwin's account of capacity of revolving
in plants, in his book.
-Continental opinion of.
-Wiesner's criticism of.

Prawns, F. Muller on metamorphosis of.

Prayer, Galton's article on.

Pre-Cambrian rocks, Hicks on.

Predominant forms.

"Prehistoric Europe," J. Geikie's.

"Prehistoric Times," Lord Avebury's.

Preordination, speculation as to.

Prepotency of pollen.

Prescott, reference to work by.

Preservation, suggested as an alternative term for Natural Selection.

Pressure, effect on liquefaction by heat.

Preston, S. Tolver, letter to.

Prestwich, Prof. J., letter to.
-on Parallel Roads of Glen Roy.
-on superficial deposits of S. England.
-work on Tertiaries.
-mentioned.

Prevost, C., as candidate for Royal Society Foreign List.
-mentioned.

Price, J., extract from letter from Darwin to.

Prichard, James Cowles (1786-1848): He came on both sides from Quaker
families, but, according to the "Encyclopaedia Britannica," he
ultimately joined the Church of England. He was a M.D. of Edinburgh,
and by diploma of Oxford. He was for a year at Trinity College,
Cambridge, and afterwards at St. John's and New College, Oxford, but did
not graduate at either University. He practised medicine, and was
Physician to the Infirmary at Bristol. Three years before his death he
was made a Commissioner in Lunacy. He not only wrote much on Ethnology,
but also made sound contributions to the science of language and on
medical subjects. His treatise on insanity was remarkable for his
advanced views on "moral insanity."
-on immutability.
-quotations from his "Physical History of Mankind."

Priestley, "Green matter" of.
-Huxley's essay on.

Primogeniture, antagonistic to Natural Selection.

Primrose (see also Primula), Darwin's experiments on cowslip and.
-dimorphism of.
-J. Scott on.

Primula, Darwin's work on.
-difficulty of experimenting with.
-dimorphism of.
-dimorphism lost by variation.
-entrance of pollen-tubes at chalaza.
-varying fertility of.
-fertilisation of.
-homomorphic unions and.
-ovules of.
-J. Scott's work on.
-stamens of.
-P. elatior.
-P. longiflora, non-dimorphism of.
-Treviranus on.
-P. mollis.
-P. scotica.
-P. sinensis.
-fertility of.
-legitimate and illegitimate unions.
-movement of cotyledons.

Principle of divergence.

"Principles of Biology," Spencer's.

"Principles of Geology," Lyell's.
-Darwin on.
-Wallace's review of.

Pringlea antiscorbutica (Kerguelen cabbage).

Priority, Falconer and Owen on.

Proboscidean group, extinction of.

Progress, in forms of life and organisation.

Progression, tendency in organisms towards.

Progressive development.

Pronuba, the Yucca moth, Riley on.

Proteaceae, former extension of.

Protean genera, list of N. American.

Protection, colour in butterflies and.
-thorns as.
-Wallace on.
-colour and.
-colour of birds and.
-colour of caterpillars and.
-colour of shells and.
-Darwin's views on Sexual Selection and.
-evolution of colour and.
-mimicry and.
-monkeys' manes as.
-Wallace on colour and.
-Wallace on wings of lepidoptera and.

Protective resemblance, Wallace on.

Proterogyny, in Plantago.

Prothero, G.W.